scholarly journals Analysis of toxicity on Bacillus sphaericus from amazonian soils to Anopheles darlingi and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleilza de Castro Litaiff ◽  
Wanderli Pedro Tadei ◽  
Jorge Ivan Rebelo Porto ◽  
Ila Maria de Aguiar Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Anopheles Darlingi ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Standard Strain ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
High Effectiveness

Bioassays under laboratory conditions aiming to determine the larvicidal activity of Bacillus sphaericus were carried out on Anopheles darlingi and Culex quinquefasciatus. In order to estimate the toxicity through median lethal concentration (LC50) and the relative potency of the strains to B. sphaericus standard strain 2362, probit analysis was performed utilizing the POLO-PC program. The findings of LC50 pointed out high effectiveness on strains IB15 (0.040 ppm), IB19 and S1116 (0.048 ppm), IB16 (0.052 ppm) and S265 (0.057 ppm). Strain IB15 presented nearly 50% more potency than strain 2362 in bioassays conducted on A. darlingi. It was observed that IB16 and S1116 strains were the most powerful against C. quinquefasciatus, showing to be about 300-400% stronger than 2362 strain. The results show that laboratory conditioned evaluation can be an important way to select promising bacteria with entomopathogenic action on biolarvicides production for use on mosquitoes breeding sites.

scholarly journals LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF Bacillus sphaericus 2362 AGAINST Anopheles nuneztovari, Anopheles darlingi AND Anopheles braziliensis (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE)

1999 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iléa Brandão RODRIGUES ◽  
Wanderli Pedro TADEI ◽  
José Manuel Cabral da Silva DIAS
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Anopheles Darlingi ◽  
Standard Strain ◽  
The Third ◽  
Anopheline Larvae

In this present study, preliminary data was obtained regarding the mortality rate of the Amazonian anophelines, Anopheles nuneztovari, Anopheles darlingi and Anopheles braziliensis when subjected to treatment with Bacillus sphaericus strain 2362, the WHO standard strain. Initially, experiments were conducted to test the mortality rate of the three species of anopheline larvae. The third larval instar of An. nuneztovari and the second and third larval instars of An. darlingi proved to be the least susceptible. In other experiments, the same three mosquito species were tested with the standard strain 2362, An. nuneztovari was the least susceptible to this insect pathogen, while An. braziliensis was the most susceptible. This latter species showed a difference in the level of LC50 concentration, when compared to the former, of 2.4, 2.5 and 1.8 in readings taken 24, 48 and 72 hours after exposure to the bacillus.

scholarly journals Toxicity study on clinacanthus nutans leaf extract using danio rerio embryos

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Anis ◽  
Suganya Murugesu ◽  
Vikneswari Perumal ◽  
Qamar Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Bisha Fathimah Uzir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Toxic Level ◽  
Morphological Defects ◽  
Clinacanthus Nutans ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Danio Rerio Embryos

Plants are believed to have various medicinal benefits from their constituents, but they might also give toxic effects to the human's body. Clinacanthus nutans that belongs to Acanthaceae family, which has been reported to have an antidiabetic and antioxidant effect. The study has been done to determine the toxic level and the lethal concentration of non-polar extract of C. nutans leaves using zebrafish embryos. Crude extract of 80% methanolic solution was further partitioned to obtain the n-hexane fraction. Upon spawning and fertilization, the eggs were collected, transferred into a 96-well plate, and incubated with the n-hexane fraction at different concentrations ranging from 15.63-500 µg/ml prepared in 2% DMSO. The median lethal concentration (LC50) was calculated to be 75.49 µg/mL using probit analysis. The reading is considered toxic to the embryos. The heartbeat rate was measured using DanioScope software, and the mortality and survival rate were assessed by microscopic observation at 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours post-fertilization. Some of the morphological defects observed include less pigmentation, crooked backbone, dented tail, and oedema. The n-hexane fraction's profiling using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis showed the presence of some fatty acids, organic acid, and sterols, which is known to be toxic in synergism.

scholarly journals Larvicidal Activity of Elytraria acaulis against Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soorya Sukumaran ◽  
Rajan Maheswaran
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Background: Mosquitoes are blood sucking arthropods and serve as vectors of many diseases causing serious health problems to human beings. Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti were responsible for Filariasis and Dengue. Syn­thetic pesticides were effective against mosquitoes as well as main sources of environmental pollution and most of them are immunosuppressant. Botanicals were widely used as insecticides, growth disruptors, repellents, etc. The aim of this research was to determine larvicidal properties of powdered leaf, Elytraria acaulis against late third or early fourth in­star larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti. Methods: Larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti were tested at various concentrations of 100, 120, 140, 160, 180 and 200mg/100ml and mortality was recorded after 24h. The LC50 values of the E. acaulis leaf powder were calcu­lated by Probit analysis. Results: The plant powder exhibited strong larvicidal activity against Cx. quinquefasciatus with LC50 value of 116.07mg/100ml against Ae. aegypti 124.25mg/100ml respectively. The result indicated that the plant powder of E. acaulis showed potential larvicidal activity against Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti. Conclusion: The overall findings of the present investigation suggested that the E. acaulis highly effective against Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti larvae. Elytraria acaulis may be used as an alternative to synthetic chemical pesticides for control of vectors to reduce vector borne diseases and did not harm to total environment.

scholarly journals Larvicidal Activity of Bacillus sphaericus Strain SI-1 and Its Toxins against Culex quinquefasciantus Larvae

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-128
Author(s):  
MA Motalib Hossain ◽  
Alamgir Z Chowdhury ◽  
Abdullah Al-Mahin ◽  
Mustafizur Rahman ◽  
Khandakar Abdur Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Crystal Proteins ◽  
Extraction Buffer ◽  
The Media ◽  
Grown Culture

A local isolate of Bacillus sphaericus strain SI-1 had been investigated for its larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciantus mosquito. Wet spores of 72-h grown culture of the strain were sufficiently potent as mosquitocidal agents 3rd instar larvae of C. quinquefasciantus. After lyophilization the toxic potency of the strain increased sharply (165 times). The toxic crystal proteins had been solubilized in a hydroxyl-chloride buffer (pH 12.0) by three successive extractions. The majority of the proteins were found to be solubilized in water under these conditions. Increase of pH in the media by addition of buffer and its effect on the mortality of C. quinquefasciantus larvae had been checked. The extraction buffer was found to be non-lethal although significant rise in pH up to 10.44 was observed. The lethal concentration fifty (LC50) value of the crude protein was found to be 62.0 μg/ml. Keywords: Bacillus sphaericus SI-1, Biopesticide, Culex quinquefasciantus, Larvicidal activity, LyophilizationDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i2.1256 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 2, December 2007, pp 125-128

scholarly journals Recombinant Strain of Bacillus thuringiensis Producing Cyt1A, Cry11B, and the Bacillus sphaericus Binary Toxin

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 1331-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Woo Park ◽  
Dennis K. Bideshi ◽  
Brian A. Federici
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Recombinant Strain ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Binary Toxin

ABSTRACT A novel recombinant Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis strain that produces the B. sphaericus binary toxin, Cyt1Aa, and Cry11Ba is described. The toxicity of this strain (50% lethal concentration [LC50] = 1.7 ng/ml) against fourth-instar Culex quinquefasciatus was higher than that of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis IPS-82 (LC50 = 7.9 ng/ml) or B. sphaericus 2362 (LC50 = 12.6 ng/ml).

scholarly journals EKSPLORASI DAN UJI BIOLARVASIDA FRAKSI DAUN TANAMAN MARGA Annona TERHADAP LARVA NYAMUK Aedes aegypti DAN Culex quinquefasciatus

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Hamidah Hamidah
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Annona Squamosa ◽  
Random Design ◽  
Annona Reticulata ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

The research aim wants to know: (1) Lethal Concentration (LC90) leaves fraction of Annona muricata, Annona squamosal, and Annona reticulate that caused death of third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinguefasciatus. The experimental method was used in research with completely random design. Each concentration was replicated five times. After introducing bioassay was done, five concentration used at real bioassay. For knowing LC90 from leaves fraction of Annona muricata, Annona squamosa and Annona reticulata, the data was analyzed by probit analysis. The result from this research showed that LC90 of leaves fraction methanol of leaves fration methanol was the highest of Annona squamosa (404 ppm) and the lower LC90 was leaves fraction n.heksa Annona reticulata (1894 ppm).

scholarly journals Larvicidal Activity of Brusatol Isolated from Brucea javanica (L) Merr on Culex quinquefasciatus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi SUTININGSIH ◽  
Nurjazuli NURJAZULI ◽  
Djoko NUGROHO ◽  
Tri Baskoro Tunggul SATOTO
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Brucea Javanica

Background: Vector control is still emphasized on the using of chemical insecticide which can cause death of non-target organisms, pollution and vector resistance. Therefore, natural insecticides/larvicides are an alternative to using chemical insecticides to control the mosquito vector. Methods: Brusatol was isolated from the seeds of Makassar Fruit (Brucea javanica L. Merr). Culex quinquefasciatus larvae were divided into 3 groups, i.e. 6 testing groups and one negative and positive control group. In the negative control group, the larvae were treated with 100 ml aquadest and positive control was treated with temephos 1 ppm. After 24 hours, dead larvae were calculated and the percentage of death was determined. The dead larvae were then examined for morphological changes using a light microscope. Results: The higher of the concentration level of brusatol, the higher number of the death of Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae (P<0.05). The value of brusatol Lethal Concentration 50 to larvae Cx. quinquefasciatus was 0.010 ± 0.122 and value of brusatol Lethal Concentration 90 to larvae Cx. quinquefasciatus was 0.654 ± 0.081 ppm. The higher the concentration of brusatol, the morphological damage of Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae was getting worse and widespread to cause damage to the digestive tract and cuticle. Conclusion: Brusatol isolated from the seed of B. javanica (L) Merr have larvicidal activity to the Cx. quinquefasciatus which is potential to be natural larvicide.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Mosquito Larvicidal Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Grewia flavescens Juss. Whole Plant (Family: Tiliaceae) Against Culex quinquefasciatus

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-A) ◽  
pp. 252-255
Author(s):  
G.N. Pramodini ◽  
Parwez Alam ◽  
Mohd Rafiq ◽  
Shaik mohd Khasim
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Plant Family ◽  
Mosquito Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Lc50 And Lc90

To evaluate the mosquito larvicidal activity on the ethanolic extract of Grewia flavescens juss (EEGF). Whole plant against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. The larval mortality of 4th instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus after 24h and 48h of treatment which were tested separately in control and five test concentrations of 125 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm,750 ppm, 1000 ppm concentration. The plant extract was screened to identify phytochemical bioactive compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and glycosides. Different concentration of crude ethanolic extract of Grewia flavescensjuss. whole plant effectively showed larvicidal activity on Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. Based on the probit analysis values for 24h and 48h ethanolic extract of Grewia flavescens shows pronounced larvicidal activity. The LC50 and LC90 values of EEGF against mosquito 4th instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus was found 223.87 ppm and 724.43 ppm at 24hrs and for 48hrs the LC50 and LC90 values was found to be 181.97ppm and 374.76 ppm respectively. The preliminary phytochemical was performed in search of plants secondary metabolites which might be responsible for the larvicidal activity. The bioactive phytochemical classes which were identified and confirmed as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and glycosides. The ethanolic extract of this plant showed potent larvicidal activity and can be considered for further investigation. This experimental study was a pioneer attempt to establish Grewia flavescens juss. as a valuable resource of effective target specific natural mosquito larvicide. Keywords: Culex quinquefasciatus, larvicidal activity, ethanolic ext., phytochemical.

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