Physical and chemical attributes of archaeological soils developed from shell middens in the Região dos Lagos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

In prehistoric times, innumerous shell middens, called "sambaquis", consisting mainly of remains of marine organisms, were built along the Brazilian coast. Although the scientific community took interest in these anthropic formations, especially since the nineteenth century, their pedological context is still poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to characterize and identify the physical and chemical changes induced by soil-forming processes, as well as to compare the morphology of shell midden soils with other, already described, anthropogenic soils of Brazil. Four soil profiles developed from shell middens in the Região dos Lagos - RJ were morphologically described and the physical and chemical properties determined. The chemical analysis showed that Ca, Mn, Mg, and particularly P and Zn are indicators of anthropic horizons of midden soils, as in the Amazon Dark Earths (Terras Pretas de Índio). After the deposition of P-rich material, P reaction and leaching can mask or disturb the evidence of in situ man-made strata, but mineralogical and chemical studies of phosphate forms can elucidate the apparent complexity. Lower phosphate-rich strata without direct anthropic inputs indicate P leaching and precipitation in secondary forms. The total and bioavailable contents of Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu, P, and organic C of midden soils were much higher than of regional soils without influence of ancient human settlements, demonstrating that the high fertility persisted for long periods, at some sites for more than 4000 years. The physical analysis showed that wind-blown sand contributed significantly to increase the sand fraction in the analyzed soils (texture classes sand, sandy loam and sandy clay loam) and that the aeolian sand accumulation occurred simultaneously with the midden formation.

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Some selected physical and chemical attributes of a Ustalf under different tillage practices at Dutse, Jigawa State Nigeria.

10.36265/njss.2019.290109 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 62-69

Author(s):

Nabayi A. ◽

Girei A.H. ◽

Usman S. ◽

Abubakar M.S. ◽

Haruna F.D. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sandy Loam ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Exchangeable Acidity ◽

Tillage Practices ◽

Lower Porosity ◽

Chemical Attributes ◽

Level Of Significance ◽

Physical And Chemical

Different tillage practices are being employed by the farmers of Jigawa state, and as such, there is a need to determine its influence on some physical and chemical properties, so that farmers will base their choices on scientific facts rather than assumptions. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three tillage practices (TP) on soil properties in Federal University Dutse, Teachings and Research farm, Jigawa State. The TP adopted are conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT) and zero-tillage (ZT). Samples were collected at a depth of 0 -20 cm for the chemical and other physical properties determination, while core samplers were used for bulk density (Bd) determination. All data collected were analyzed using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significant tillage effect on the parameters measured at 5% level of significance and the means were separated using Least Significance Difference (LSD). The results showed that the soil texture of the study area was sandy loam. ZT differed significantly from other TP with higher Bd value of 1.51 Mg m-3, lower porosity (42.7%), and lower moisture content (10.3). ZT also had higher organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), exchangeable acidity (0.48 cmol+ kg-1) and bases and most importantly higher CEC (7.5 cmol (+) kg-1) which differed significantly from other tillage practices and the lowest of the most parameters were found in RT. Conclusively, ZT is the best TP to be used by the farmers because of the im- proved physical and chemical parameters and been not only economically sus- tainable but also socially and environmentally friendly.

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The hidden ecological resource of andic soils in mountain ecosystems: evidences from Italy

10.5194/se-2017-57 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Fabio Terribile ◽

Michela Iamarino ◽

Giuliano Langella ◽

Piero Manna ◽

Florindo Antonio Mileti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clay Minerals ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Organic C ◽

Mountain Ecosystems ◽

C Storage ◽

Mountain Landscapes ◽

Ecological Importance ◽

Mineral Soils ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Abstract. Andic soils have unique morphological, physical and chemical properties that induce both considerable soil fertility and great vulnerability to land degradation. Moreover they are the most striking mineral soils in terms of large organic C storage and long C residence time; this is especially related to the presence of poorly crystalline clay minerals and metal-humus complexes. Recognition of these soils is then very important. Here we attempt to show, through the combined analysis of 35 sampling points chosen, throughout the Italian non volcanic mountain landscapes, in accordance to specific physical and vegetation rules, that soils rich in poorly crystalline clay minerals have an utmost ecological importance. More specifically, in various non-volcanic mountain ecosystems (> 700 m) and in low slope gradient locations (

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Effect of integrated nutrient management on physical and chemical properties of soil

Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal ◽

10.18805/asd.v35i1.9312 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Suman Meena ◽

Narendra Swaroop ◽

Joy Dawson

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Management ◽

Particle Density ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Pore Space ◽

Block Design ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Available Nitrogen ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Physical And Chemical

A field experiment was conducted during <italic>Kharif</italic> season 2014 at the Research farm of Soil Science Allahabad School of Agriculture, laid out in randomized block design on sandy loam soil, containing sand 62.71%, silt 23.10% and clay 14.19% (Inceptisols). It was observed that for post harvest soil properties in treatment N20+ FYM @ 10 t ha−1 and <italic>Rhizobium</italic> P40K40 were improved significantly due to integrated use of inputs. Organic carbon-0.75%, available nitrogen- 333.23 kg ha−1, phosphorus- 34.58 kg ha−1, potassium -205.83 kg ha−1, pore space -50.80 %, pH -6.80 were found to be significant and bulk density -1.07 Mgm−3, particle density -2.62 Mgm−3, EC at 27°C -0.24 dSm−1 were found to be non-significantly improved in this treatment.

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The characteristics of Shorea macrophylla’s habitat in Tane’ Olen, Malinau District, North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210806 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Fajri ◽

Pratiwi PRATIWI ◽

Yosep Ruslim

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Tree Species ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Importance Value Index ◽

Importance Value ◽

Total N ◽

Organic C ◽

Physical And Chemical

Abstract. Fajri M, Pratiwi, Ruslim Y. 2020. The characteristics of Shorea macrophylla’s habitat in Tane’ Olen, Malinau District, North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3454-3462. Shorea macrophylla is a tree species in Tane' Olen forest area. This study analyzed the soil’s physical and chemical properties, topography, and microclimate of S. macrophylla’s habitat. A purposive method was used to select a sampling plot and to place the subplots. Soil was analyzed to determine the physical properties, i.e., texture, bulk density, porosity, and water content, and the chemical properties, i.e., pH, CEC, total N, organic C, C/N ratio, P, K , and Al saturation. Importance value index was determined for each tree species to know the species composition in the study site. Only the dominant species were presented. The soil at the study site had bulk density of 0.60-1.31 gram cm³-1, porosity 50.60%-77.35%, water content 34.88%-95.37%, and soil texture sandy clay. The chemical properties of the soil were as follows: pH was 3.6-4.8, N 0.05%-0.19%, organic C 1.40%-3.65%, P 0.41-1.22 mg 100 gr-1, K 58.68-232.55 mg 100 gr-1, and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) 5.35-10.81 meg 100gr -1. Slope ranged between 0 and 25%. The microclimate characteristics were as follows: temperature was 24-26.5°C, relative humidity 76-87%, and light intensity 145-750 Lm. Trees species with an IVI ≥ 10% were S. macrophylla, Madhuca spectabilis, Myristica villosa Warb, Scorodocarpus borneensis, Eugenia spp., Palaquium spp., Macaranga triloba, Syzygium inophyllum and Shorea sp. Positive associations were observed between S. macropylla and S. borneensis, Eugenia spp., Palaquium spp.. and M. triloba, and negative associations were observed between S. macropylla and M. spectabilis, M. villosa Warb, S. inophyllum, and Shorea sp. S. macrophylla grows on riversides with flat and gentle topography, acidic soil, and lower fertility but with suitable microclimate. This species can be recommended to be planted in degraded tropical forest areas but the microclimate and soil properties should be taken into account.

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Soil changes in ley-arable experiments

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600011503 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 229-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A. J. Low ◽

F. J. Piper ◽

P. Roberts

Keyword(s):

Sandy Loam ◽

Soil Aggregates ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Good Physical Condition ◽

Slow Decline ◽

London Clay ◽

One Year ◽

Water Tension ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Total Soil Nitrogen

The effects of four five-course and six four-course rotations on some physical and chemical properties of a sandy loam overlying London Clay are reported.Periods under ley increased the water stability of the air-dry soil aggregates, the resistance of moist soil aggregates to simulated raindrops, the rate of drainage under 60 cm. of water tension as measured in the laboratory, decreased the draw-bar pull during ploughing and the force required to crush air-dry aggregates. These effects increased with the number of years under grass.After 2 years of arable cultivation the effect of a 3-year ley on water-stable aggregation was still apparent whereas the effect of a 2-year ley had largely disappeared, and those of a 1-year ley had completely disappeared.A 2-year ley in a five-course ley-arable rotation was sufficient to maintain the total soil nitrogen at about 0·16%. With one year of ley in a four-course rotation a slow decline in nitrogen was found when the initial level was about 0·21%.The rate of CO2 formation in soils of the arable break was proportional to the number of years they had been under ley; the longer the period the greater the volume of CO2 produced.Evidence is presented that fertilizer nitrogen is used most efficiently by cereals growing in soil in good physical condition. This is usually best following a period under grass.

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Production and quality of Urochloa decumbens (stapf) r.d. webster forage co-related to the physical and chemical properties of the soil

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/0034-737x201764030013 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 315-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Flávio Carlos Dalchiavon ◽

Rafael Montanari ◽

Marcelo Andreotti

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Mechanical Resistance ◽

Forage Production ◽

Soil Production ◽

Urochloa Decumbens ◽

Chemical Attributes ◽

Physical And Chemical

ABSTRACT Frequently degraded pastureland characterized by low soil fertility and compacted surface is the basic environment of Brazilian livestock. The physical and chemical characterization of soil and its co-relationship with forage production are determining factors for performance of animals raised on pasture. The objective was to analyze the forage production of Urochloa decumbens grass correlated, linearly and spatially, with physical and chemical attributes of a savannah soil in Selvíria - MS, Brazil. A geostatistical web was introduced for the collection of soil and plant data, with 120 sampling sites within an area of 56.09 ha. The descriptive analysis of the data was undertaken and linear co-relationships, both simple and multiple, were established between plant and soil properties. Semivariograms were modeled and their respective krigings and cross-validations obtained, coupled to co-krigings (plant and soil). Production of dry matter and crude protein rates of U. decumbens may be estimated by regressions and the mechanical resistance to penetration and gravimetric humidity of the soil evaluated. Since organic matter rate and the gravimetric humidity of the soil are co-related spatially with the rate of crude protein of U. decumbens, they are the best factors to calculate or increase the forage crude protein rate.

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Organic Matter Application Improves Posttransplant Root Growth of Three Native Woody Shrubs

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.44.2.377 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 377-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Julie Guckenberger Price ◽

Amy N. Wright ◽

Kenneth M. Tilt ◽

Robert L. Boyd

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Root Growth ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nondestructive Method ◽

Root Tip ◽

Native Soil ◽

Loam Soil ◽

Physical And Chemical

The need for reliable planting techniques that encourage posttransplant root growth in adverse conditions has prompted research into planting above soil grade (above-grade). Container-grown Morella cerifera (L.) Small (syn. Myrica cerifera L.) (wax myrtle), Illicium floridanum Ellis (Florida anise tree), and Kalmia latifolia L. (mountain laurel) plants were planted in Horhizotrons (root observation chambers) in a greenhouse in Auburn, AL, on 1 Mar. 2006, 6 June 2006, and 3 Jan. 2007, respectively. The experiment was repeated with all three species being planted 18 June 2007. Horhizotrons contained four glass quadrants extending away from the root ball providing a nondestructive method for measuring root growth of the same plant into different rhizosphere conditions. Each quadrant was filled with a native sandy loam soil in the lower 10 cm. The upper 10 cm of the quadrants were filled randomly with: 1) milled pine bark (PB); 2) peat (P); 3) cotton gin compost (CGC); or 4) more native soil with no organic matter (NOM). Horizontal root lengths (HRL, length measured parallel to the ground from the root ball to the root tip) of the five longest roots visible along each side of a quadrant were measured weekly for M. cerifera and I. floridanum and biweekly for K. latifolia. These measurements represented lateral growth and penetration of roots into surrounding substrates on transplanting. When roots of a species neared the end of the quadrant, the experiment was ended for that species. M. cerifera had the fastest rate of lateral root growth followed by I. floridanum and then by K. latifolia. In most cases, roots grew initially into the organic matter rather than the soil when organic matter was present. In general, HRL and root dry weight (RDW) of I. floridanum and K. latifolia were greatest in PB and P, whereas for M. cerifera, these were greatest in P. Differences in root growth among substrates were not as pronounced for M. cerifera as for the other species, perhaps as a result of its rapid increase in HRL. Increased root growth in PB and P may be attributed to the ideal physical and chemical properties of these substrates. Results suggest that planting above soil grade with organic matter may increase posttransplant root growth compared with planting at grade with no organic matter.

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Soil classification, suitability assessment, and constraints analyses of major soil series grown to sugarcane in Negros Occidental, Philippines

Annals of Tropical Research ◽

10.32945/atr4015.2018 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 53-70

Author(s):

Clea Anne Corsiga ◽

Rodrigo Badayos ◽

Pearl Sanchez ◽

Erlinda Paterno ◽

Pompe Sta. Cruz

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Soil Classification ◽

Soil Series ◽

Total N ◽

Organic C ◽

Sugarcane Production ◽

Suitability Assessment ◽

Soil Constraints ◽

Chemical Properties Of Soils ◽

Physical And Chemical

Five major soil series (Guimbalaon, Isabela, Luisiana, San Manuel, and Silay) in Negros Occidental were evaluated to assess the suitability of major soil series grown to sugarcane and identify possible constraints of the soils for sugarcane production. Specifically, the study assessed the morphological, physical, and chemical properties of soils associated with the growing of sugarcane; evaluated the land quality requirements for major soil series grown to sugarcane; determined the suitability of major soil series for sugarcane production; and evaluated the possible soil constraints to sugarcane production. Soil pH, total N, percent organic C, and available P were found highest in Isabela series; exchangeable K in Guimbalaon series; exchangeable Na, Ca, and Mg, extractable Fe, and CEC in San Manuel series; and exchangeable Al in Luisiana series. All of the soil series evaluated were classified as marginally suitable (S3) for sugarcane production, although soil constraints varied across soil series. Topography and wetness were the severe constraints common to all soil series. Limitations on fertility and physical soil characteristics were considered moderate and manageable.

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Soil Texture Distribution for East Wasit Province, Iraq

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/961/1/012073 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 961 (1) ◽

pp. 012073

Author(s):

Mohammed S. Shamkhi ◽

Hassan Jameel Al-Badry

Keyword(s):

Soil Texture ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Texture Classification ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food And Agriculture Organization ◽

Arc Gis ◽

Group B ◽

Gis Software ◽

Physical And Chemical

Abstract Soil texture affects many physical and chemical properties of soil. Knowledge of soil texture is essential for all water and soil studies. The aim of the research is to draw a map of the spatial distribution of soil texture in the region of eastern Wasit province and know the relationship of texture to the soil’s hydrological groups. Laboratory tests were conducted on 25 soil samples. With a depth of 50-75 cm, were selected from locations that represent the study area. According to the unified classification system, The results showed that the soil texture for the samples locations was 40% sand, 16% for both silt loam and sandy loam, 12% for loamy sand, 8% for both sandy clay loam and sandy loam. A soil texture classification map was produced for the study area. The first soil texture map for the area differs significantly from the World Food and Agriculture Organization soil texture classification map. It adopts signed tests of the site. The statistical analysis showed that the per cent sand’s standard deviation was 22.65%, silt 19.247%, and 6.416% clay. It turns out that 52% of the soil models from hydrologic group A, 24% from hydrologic group B and 24% from hydrologic group C, Arc GIS software was used to produce maps.

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