scholarly journals Basic density and pulp yield relationship with some chemical parameters in eucalyptus trees

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1687-1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Loureiro da Seca ◽  
Fernando Manoel de Jesus Domingues
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Methoxyl Group ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Frequency Distributions

The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of basic density and pulp yield correlations with some chemical parameters, in order to differentiate an homogeneous eucalyptus tree population, in terms of its potential for pulp production or some other technological applications. Basic density and kraft pulp yield were determined for 120 Eucalyptus globulus trees, and the values were plotted as frequency distributions. Homogenized samples from the first and fourth density quartiles and first and fourth yield quartiles were submitted to total phenols, total sugars and methoxyl group analysis. Syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) and syringaldehyde/vanillin (S/V) ratios were determined on the kraft lignins from wood of the same quartiles. The results show the similarity between samples from high density and low yield quartiles, both with lower S/G (3.88-4.12) and S/V (3.99-4.09) ratios and higher total phenols (13.3-14.3 g gallic acid kg-1 ). Woods from the high yield quartile are statistically distinguished from all the others because of their higher S/G (5.15) and S/V (4.98) ratios and lower total phenols (8.7 g gallic acid kg-1 ). Methoxyl group and total sugars parameters are more adequate to distinguish wood samples with lower density.

scholarly journals Pulp and Papermaking Characteristics of South Sudanese Cordia Africana (Gambil) Wood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Taha Elzaki ◽  
Selim Otuk Tuphach ◽  
Tarig Khider
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
South Sudanese ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Alkali Consumption ◽  
Fiber Dimensions ◽  
Cordia Africana

Abstract The wood of an important indigenous Sudanese hardwood species, Cordia africana lam, was examined to determine its suitability for pulp and papermaking. Basic density, bark-to-wood ratio, fiber dimensions and chemical composition were studied. Pulps were evaluated and papermaking characteristics were tested. C. africana wood showed medium basic density (410 kg m-1). The average bark-to wood ratio by mass (6.82%) and volume (11.67%) were in the normal average for pulpwood and could be used for production of high grade pulp.The fibers of C. africana were long with an average fiber length of 1.13 mm, average fiber diameter was 30 µm with an average lumen diameter 20 µm and cell wall thickness of 5 µm. the wood showed high ash content (2.7%), high pentosans (25%), relatively medium lignin content (23.9%).C. africana pulped with 12-15% alkali charge as Na2O for two hours at 170 0C gave good Kappa numbers with normal and relatively high yield with very low rejects. The addition of 0.13% anthraquinone (AQ) in cooking liquor reduced the active alkali consumption by 2-2.3%, increased the pulp yield and reduced bleachable Kappa numbers. The pulp produced suitable for wrapping paper and paperboard.

scholarly journals Pulp and Papermaking Characteristics of South Sudanese Cordia Africana (Gambil) Wood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Taha Elzaki ◽  
Selim Otuk Tuphach ◽  
Tarig Khider
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
South Sudanese ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Alkali Consumption ◽  
Fiber Dimensions ◽  
Cordia Africana

Abstract Objective The wood of an important indigenous Sudanese hardwood species, Cordia africana lam, was examined to determine its suitability for pulp and papermaking. Basic density, bark-to-wood ratio, fiber dimensions and chemical composition were studied. Results Pulps were evaluated and papermaking characteristics were tested. C. africana wood showed medium basic density (410 kg m-1). The average bark-to wood ratio by mass (6.82%) and volume (11.67%) were in the normal average for pulpwood and could be used for production of high grade pulp. The fibers of C. africana were long with an average fiber length of 1.13 mm, average fiber diameter was 30 µm with an average lumen diameter 20 µm and cell wall thickness of 5 µm. the wood showed high ash content (2.7%), high pentosans (25%), relatively medium lignin content (23.9%).C. africana pulped with 12-15% alkali charge as Na2O for two hours at 170 0C gave good Kappa numbers with normal and relatively high yield with very low rejects. The addition of 0.13% anthraquinone (AQ) in cooking liquor reduced the active alkali consumption by 2-2.3%, increased the pulp yield and reduced bleachable Kappa numbers. The pulp produced suitable for wrapping paper and paperboard.

Chemical, anatomical, and technology aspects of Eucalyptus benthamii and Eucalyptus dunii for use in an integrated pulp and paper mill

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
GISELY SAMISTRARO ◽  
PETER W. HART ◽  
JORGE LUIZ COLODETTE ◽  
RICARDO PAIM
Keyword(s):  
Energy Levels ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kappa Number ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Physical Strength

Eucalyptus dunii has been commercially used in southern Brazil because of its relatively good frost tolerance and adequate productivity in the winter months. More recently, interest has grown in cultivating Eucalyptus benthamii Maiden & Cambage, which presents even superior frost tolerance compared to E. dunii and is highly productive as well. The quality of E. benthamii for pulp production is not yet proven. Thus, the chemical, anatomical, and technological aspects of pulp made from E. benthamii were compared with those of E. dunii for unbleached paper production. Samples of E. benthamii chips were obtained and analyzed for their basic density, chemical composition, higher heating value, trace elemental analysis, and chip size distribution. The chips were kraft cooked using conditions that produced a 74 ± 6 kappa number. The pulps were characterized for kappa number, yield, viscosity, and morphologic characteristics (e.g., length, wall thickness, and coarseness). Black liquor was analyzed for total solids, organics, inorganics, sodium sulfide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium carbonate. Brownstocks were beaten at five different energy levels in a Valley beater, and the physical strength properties of 120 g/m² handsheets were measured to develop a beater curve. The results of this study showed differences in delignification between the two woods and lower pulp yield for E. benthamii , which are related to their chemical compositions and basic densities. The E. benthamii studied in this work exhibited higher amounts of lignin and extractives, lower carbohydrate content, and lower basic density. However, cooking a blend of the two woods afforded good results in pulping and in physical pulp properties.

Genetic control of kraft pulp yield in Eucalyptus globulus

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 917-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond J. Stackpole ◽  
René E. Vaillancourt ◽  
Geoffrey M. Downes ◽  
Christopher E. Harwood ◽  
Brad M. Potts
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Selection Gradients ◽  
Economic Worth

Pulp yield is an important breeding objective for Eucalyptus globulus Labill., but evaluation of its genetic control and genetic correlations with other traits has been limited by its high assessment cost. We used near infrared spectroscopy to study genetic variation in pulp yield and other traits in a 16-year-old E. globulus trial. Pulp yield was predicted for 2165 trees from 467 open-pollinated families from 17 geographic subraces. Significant differences between subraces and between families within subraces were detected for all traits. The high pulp yield of southern Tasmanian subraces suggested that their economic worth was previously underestimated. The narrow-sense heritability of pulp yield was medium (0.40). The significant positive genetic correlation between pulp yield and diameter (0.52) was at odds with the generally neutral values reported. The average of the reported genetic correlations between pulp yield and basic density (0.50) was also at odds with our nonsignificant estimate. Pulp yield of the subraces increased with increasing latitude, producing a negative correlation with density (–0.58). The absence of genetic correlations within subraces between pulp yield and density suggests that the correlation may be an independent response of the two traits to the same or different selection gradients that vary with latitude.

scholarly journals Effect of hydrothermal pretreatment of corn stover with pH adjustment on properties of pulp and hydrolysate

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 6826-6839
Author(s):  
Junjun Kong ◽  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Ziyi Niu ◽  
Rina Wu ◽  
Gaosheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Hydrothermal Pretreatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Industrial Utilization ◽  
The Relationship

In view of environmental and economic issues, co-production technology with pulp as the major product is an important developmental direction in biorefinery. In this paper, high-yield pulp was prepared by hydrothermal pretreatment with controlled pH and subsequent mechanical refining using corn stover as raw material. By adding acetic acid or sodium hydroxide, the properties of the hydrolysate and the pulp were altered. Reducing the pH during hydrothermal pretreatment resulted in more cellulose and hemicellulose being released, while less lignin was released. Increased pH led to more lignin being released, while dissolution of carbohydrates did not change significantly. A maximum pulp yield at pH 5.84 of hydrolysate was obtained when 3.0% sodium hydroxide was used. The strength of pulp is highly related to the removal of lignin during hydrothermal pretreatment. The relationship between pH value in hydrothermal pretreatment and the physical properties of the pulp was established and could be further used for prediction and as guidance for process control. Moreover, the results could be used to develop technologies for industrial utilization of agricultural straw to co-generate fiber and other bio-based products.

Effect of fertilizer on wood properties of Eucalyptus globulus

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Raymond ◽  
A Muneri
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Tree Growth Rate ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
P Fertilizers

The effects of N and P fertilizers applied to Eucalyptus globulus Labill. at plantation establishment on basic density, fibre length, fibre coarseness, predicted pulp yield, and N and P concentration in the wood were examined by sampling four fertilizer factorial trials: three in Victoria and one in Western Australia. Treatments sampled were control, maximum levels of N and P by themselves and combined. Growth responses varied across sites with significant growth responses at the Victorian sites but no response at the Western Australian site. An interaction was suggested between rainfall and the effects of the fertilizer; wood properties at the drier sites were detrimentally affected by fertilizer but there was little effect at the wetter sites. On the two drier sites, application of both N and P, alone or in combination, resulted in changes in density, shorter fibres, and slightly lower predicted pulp yield. Addition of both N and P increased the levels of these nutrients in the wood at the three Victorian sites. Changes occurred in wood properties in the absence of growth responses to the applied fertilizer indicating that these changes were not induced by changing tree growth rate.

scholarly journals Vermiconversion of paper industry waste for recycling the nutrients usig earthworm eudrilus eugeniae kingberg on growth of cluster bean (cymopsis tetragonoloba)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
P. Sivakumar ◽  
R. Chithra
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Eudrilus Eugeniae ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Cluster Bean ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Physico Chemical

Objective: To preparation of vermicompost from paper industry waste for recycling the nutrients using earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae kingberg. To analyze the physico chemical parameters of vermicompost, vermiwash and vermicompost extract, enumeration of microorganism from vermicompost, growth parameters and biochemical characteristics of Cluster bean (Cymopsis tetragonoloba) were studied.Methods: The paper industry wastes washed for two times with preparing the predecompost and it kept in 30 days. For preparing the vermicompost, the predecomposition was directly mixed with cowdung in the ratio of 1:2 on dry weight basis in same tank. Seventy number of healthy, clitellate Eudrilus eugeniae kingberg were introduced in the same tank. After 45 days the trial tank compost were sieved and collected for paper industry waste vermicompost.Results: The physico chemical parameters of vermicompost vermiwash and vermicompost extract were studied, the growth parameters and biochemical characteristics were higher in treatments 5 and 6 of Cluster bean were using various concentration of vermicompost, vermiwash and vermicompost extract.Conclusion: Present study was concluded that the Eudrilus eugeniae kingberg is more efficient in bioconversion of paper industry waste vermicompost, vermiwash and vermicompost extract were using various concentration of pot culture study of brinjal was higher growth and high yield and vermicompost act as an excellent biofertilizer of crop plants.

scholarly journals Evaluation of content of phenolics in Salvia species cultivated in South Moravian Region / Hodnotenie obsahu fenolov vo vybraných druhoch rodu Salvia L. pestovaných v Juhomoravskom kraji

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (s9) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
A. Muráriková ◽  
K. Kaffková ◽  
S. Raab ◽  
J. Neugebauerová
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Salvia Fruticosa ◽  
Standard Compound ◽  
Salvia Triloba

Abstract In this study, total phenolic content (TPC) and rosmarinic acid (RA) of 37 samples sage (Salvia L.) of extracts were determined using spectrophotometric methods. The amount of total phenols was analysed with Folin-Ciocalteu reagents. Gallic acid was used as a standard compound and the total phenols were expressed as mg.g−1 gallic acid equivalents of dried plant material. The values of the extracts displayed substantial differences. All of the investigated species except Salvia jurisicii (990.79 mg GAE. g−1 d.w.) exhibited higher content of phenolics. Among the studies, species demonstrated the highest content of phenol, followed in sequence by Salvia tomentosa, Salvia fruticosa, Salvia triloba, Salvia officinalis ‘Extrakta’, Salvia officinalis. TPC varied from 990.79 to 4459.88 mg GAE. g−1 d.w. in the extracts. The total amount of RA was between 0.88 and 8.04% among species. Salvia tomentosa, Salvia verticillata and Salvia officinalis ‘Extrakta’ had the highest content of RA. The high content of phenolic compounds indicated that these compounds contribute to the antioxidant activity.

Development of near infrared reflectance analysis calibrations for estimating genetic parameters for cellulose content in Eucalyptus globulus

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Raymond ◽  
L R Schimleck
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Reflectance Analysis

Determining kraft pulp yield in the traditional way is slow and expensive, limiting the numbers of samples that may be processed. An alternative is to use a secondary standard, such as cellulose content of the wood, which is strongly correlated with kraft pulp yield. The feasibility and efficiency of predicting cellulose content using near infrared reflectance (NIR) analysis was examined for Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Calibrations for NIR prediction of cellulose content indicated that NIR analysis could be used as a reliable predictor. Standard errors of calibration were 1% or lower, and there was excellent agreement between laboratory and predicted cellulose values. Cellulose content was under moderate genetic control (h2 ranging from 0.32 to 0.57), and genetic correlations with tree diameter and basic density were variable (ranging from –0.11 to –0.51 and –0.33 to 0.67, respectively). The advantages, disadvantages, and potential applications of NIR analysis for predicting cellulose content are examined.

Study on Magnesium Hydroxide-Based Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching Process of Nigra poplar CTMP

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 1328-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhao ◽  
De Zhi Sun ◽  
Ming Yang Zhang ◽  
Su Min Kang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Pulp Bleaching ◽  
Bleaching Process ◽  
Peroxide Bleaching ◽  
Bleaching Condition ◽  
Pulp Consistency

The Mg(OH)2-based peroxide bleaching process of Nigra poplar CTMP pulp was confirmed. The optimal bleaching condition were as follows: 4% H2O2,1% Mg(OH)2, 15% pulp consistency, the reaction temperature was 80°C and the suitable reaction time was 2 hours. The Mg(OH)2-based bleaching process shows significant benefits over sodium hydroxide process. In contrast, magnesium hydroxide bleaching generates higher pulp yield and lower effluent COD at the same chemical dosage. The study shows peroxide bleaching of CTMP pulp with magnesium hydroxide as alkali source is to be an option for the high-yield pulp bleaching.

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