scholarly journals Nymphicidal effect of vegetal extracts of Annona mucosa and Anonna crassiflora (Magnoliales, Annonaceae) against rice stalk stink bug, Tibraca limbativentris (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (spe1) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diones Krinski ◽  
Angélica Massaroli
Keyword(s):  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Bed Bug ◽  
Small Producers ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Seed Extracts

This study aimed to verify the chloroform-methanol nymphicidal action of extracts of Annona mucosa leaves and seeds and of A. crassiflora seeds on second instar nymphs of rice stalk stink bug, Tibraca limbativentris. For each extract the concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 4.0%, 8.0%, and two control treatments (water and Tween80®) were used. The results show that the seed extracts of A. mucosa and A. crassiflora have insecticidal activity against the T. limbativentris nymphs with statistical significance for all concentrations when compared with controls. The seed extract of A. mucosa showed the higher toxicity with greater than 75% mortality at a concentration of 1.0% in the first 24 h after application. The leaf extract of A. mucosa presented the lowest toxicity with no more than 40% mortality. The seed extract of A. crassiflora showed intermediate toxicity among all the tested extracts, and the nymph's mortality exceeded 80% for the highest concentration after 120 h of application. Considering these results, we were able to observe that the seeds extract of A. mucosa may be an alternative for the control of bed bug nymphs T. limbatriventris, especially for small producers.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS INSEKTISIDA EKSTRAK DAUN DAN BIJI TEPHROSIA VOGELII J. D. HOOKER (LEGUMINOSAE) DAN EKSTRAK BUAH PIPER CUBEBA L. (PIPERACEAE) TERHADAP LARVA CROCIDOLOMIA PAVONANA (F.) (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE)

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Muhamad Abizar ◽  
Djoko Prijono
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Tephrosia Vogelii ◽  
Leaf Residue ◽  
Seed Extracts

Insecticidal activity of leaf and seed extracts of Tephrosia vogelii J. D. Hooker (Leguminosae) and fruit extract of Piper cubeba L. (Piperaceae) on the cabbage head caterpillar, Crocidolomia pavonana (L.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).  Ethyl acetate leaf and seed extracts of Tephrosia vogelii and a solid fraction of ethyl acetate fruit extract of Piper cubeba were evaluated for their insecticidal activity on second-instar larvae Crocidolomia pavonana by a leaf-residue feeding method in the laboratory.  Leaf extracts of purple and white-flowered T. vogelii showed the same pattern of component separation on silica gel TLC plate (Rf between 0.21 and 0.94), and likewise the separation of components of seed extracts of purple and white-flowered T. vogelii (Rf between 0.31 and 0.96).  All four kinds of T. vogelii extracts showed intense UV-absorbing nonpolar spots (Rf > 0.8).  Based on LC50 ratio at day 4, leaf extract of purple-flowered T. vogelii (LC50 0.075%) was 4.30, 2.70, 2.21, and 1.64 times more toxic than fruit extract of P. cubeba, seed extract of white-flowered T. vogelii, seed extract of purple-flowered T. vogelii, and leaf extract of white-flowered T. vogelii, respectively.  All T. vogelii extracts were more toxic to C. pavonana larvae than P. cubeba fruit extract.  At LC95 level, a mixture of leaf extract of purple-flowered T. vogelii and fruit extract of P. cubeba (5:9, w/w) was more toxic to C. pavonana larvae than each extract tested separately.  This extract mixture had synergistic joint action against C. pavonana larvae both at LC50 and LC95 level.  Thus, leaf extract of purple-flowered T. vogelii and its mixture with P. cubeba fruit extract are promising to be used for controlling C. pavonana.

scholarly journals Effects of cypermethrin alone and in combination with leaf and seed extracts of neem against adult Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

1970 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Khalequzzaman ◽  
Makhsuda Khanom
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Insignificant Effect ◽  
Seed Extracts

Cypermethrin was applied either alone or in combination with leaf and seed extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) to four strains of the adult red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and the mortality was assessed after 24 and 48 hrs of treatments. The LD50 values were calculated as 0.0072, 0.0105, 0.0056 and 0.0124 μgcm-2 after 24 hours and 0.0041, 0.0076, 0.0046 and 0.0097 μgcm-2 after 48 hours of treatment for the Local, CR-1, FSS-II and CTC-12 strains respectively. The results showed synergism when applied in combined doses of cypermethrin and leaf and seed extracts with petroleum spirit, ethyl acetate and methanol. Leaf extract in acetone had an insignificant effect showing its inertness with cypermethrin excepting 24 hrs after treatment of Local strain and 48 hrs after treatment of CTC-12 strain. Seed extract in methanol in Local strain showed insignificant effect after 24 hrs of treatment but a synergistic effect occurred after 48 hrs of treatment. Key words: Cypermethrin, Azadirachta indica, Tribolium castaneum, synergism Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol.25 2006 p.45-40

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KONSENTRASI BIOINSEKTISIDA DAUN DAN BIJI MIMBA (Azadirachta indica) TERHADAP KEMATIAN ULAT GRAYAK (Spodoptera litura)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Ajiningrum ◽  
I. A. K. Pramushinta
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Botanical Insecticide ◽  
Nutritional Content ◽  
Variant Analysis ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Army Worm

Red spinach (Alternanthera amoena) is one of the vegetable commodities that many people in demand for consumption because of its high nutritional content. Efforts to increase the production of red spinach often experience various obstacles. The main obstacle that limits the productivity of red spinach in the tropics is the number of Plant Disturbing Organisms  in the form of pests and potential diseases that can attack and decrease the production of spinach. One of the pests that often attack spinach is the existence of army worm (Spodoptera litura F.). Therefore, farmers need a way to eradicate the pest. This research is experimental using Random Complete Group. The data obtained were analyzed with variant analysis (ANOVA) in one direction and continued with LSD (Least Significant Different) test. Provision of botanical insecticide done by spraying the extract of leaves and seeds mimba with concentration dose 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%. In the final analysis of mortality data of army worm (Spodoptera litura F.) treated with mimba leaf extract obtained significant value of 76.263 at a significant level of 0.05 so it can be concluded that there is influence of mimba leaf extract on mortality of army worm. In the final analysis of mortality data of army worm (Spodoptera litura F.) treated with mimba seed extract obtained significant value of 78.625 at a significant level of 0.05 so it can be concluded that there is an effect of mimba seeds extract on mortality army worm.   Keywords: mimba leaf extract,  mimba seed extract, red spinach (Alternanthera amoena), army worm (Spodoptera litura F.), botanical insecticide

Phytochemical profile and insecticidal activity of Agave americana leaf extract towards Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 19468-19480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Mami Maazoun ◽  
Soumaya Haouel Hamdi ◽  
Feten Belhadj ◽  
Jouda Mediouni Ben Jemâa ◽  
Chokri Messaoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Agave Americana ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

Aqueous extracts of avocado pear (Persea americana Mill.) leaves and seeds exhibit anti-cholinesterases and antioxidant activities in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganiyu Oboh ◽  
Veronica O. Odubanjo ◽  
Fatai Bello ◽  
Ayokunle O. Ademosun ◽  
Sunday I. Oyeleye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Natural Treatment

AbstractAvocado pear (The inhibitory effects of extracts on AChE and BChE activities and antioxidant potentials (inhibition of FeThe extracts inhibited AChE and BChE activities and prooxidant-induced TBARS production in a dose-dependent manner, with the seed extract having the highest inhibitory effect and the leaf extract exhibiting higher phenolic content and radical scavenging abilities, but lower Fe chelation ability compared with that of the seed. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, and terpenoids in both extracts, whereas the total alkaloid profile was higher in the seed extract than in the leaf extract, as revealed by GC-FID.The anti-cholinesterase and antioxidant activities of avocado leaf and seed could be linked to their phytoconstituents and might be the possible mechanisms underlying their use as a cheap and natural treatment/management of AD. However, these extracts should be further investigated in vivo.

scholarly journals Screening of some Leguminosae seeds for nematicidal activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uma R Khurma ◽  
Anupama Mangotra
Keyword(s):  
Seed Extract ◽  
Sesbania Sesban ◽  
Nematode Control ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Pongamia Glabra ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Seed Extracts

Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., are the major nematode pests of economic crops worldwide. Use of conventional nematicides has been one of the most effective methods to reduce their populations. However, the ban on many effective nematicides in recent past has necessitated the search for alternative sources of effective and ecofriendly chemicals for nematode control. The nematicidal potential of fifteen Leguminosae seeds (wild and cultivated) was assessed, in vitro, against juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood. Each standard aqueous seed extract, 25g/100ml (w/v), was evaluated at dilutions, 1:10, 1:20, and 1:40 at 27+1�C for 24 hours. The majority of seed extracts caused high mortality rates, especially in 1:10 concentration. Trigonella foenum graceum, Sesbania sesban, Albizzia lebbak, Cassia fistula and Pongamia glabra were the most efficacious (above 90% mortality). S. sesban and P. glabra were significantly effective even in the lowest concentration (1:40).

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND METHANOLIC SEED EXTRACTS OF CITRULLUS LANATUS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Iswariya S. ◽  
Uma T. S.
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Seed Extracts

Objective: The present study was designed to identify the bioactive phytochemicals and its antibacterial and in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of aqueous and methanolic seed extract of Citrullus lanatus.Methods: The phytochemical screening of both the aqueous and methanolic seed extract was carried out qualitatively to identify the major Phyto-constituents present in the extracts. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated against six pathogenic bacterial strains by agar well diffusion method and the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by broth dilution method. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of C. lanatus seed extracts was evaluated by using human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization and inhibition of albumin denaturation method.Results: The results of the study indicated that both the extracts of the seed having antimicrobial activity, while the methanolic extract showed more significant activity against the tested organism than aqueous extract. Methanol extract had the lowest MIC of 1.562 mg/ml against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis, whereas in aqueous extract was highly sensitive to Bacillus subtilis, E. coli and Klebsiella pneumonia with MIC of 3.125 and 6.25 mg/ml, respectively. Methanolic extracts exerted comparative higher anti-inflammatory activity than aqueous extract.Conclusion: Present study provides a firm evidence to support that the synergistic effect of C. lanatus seed extracts having potent anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial property, which might serve as an effective drug for various microbial infections and inflammatory disorders.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Efficacy of Abrus Precatorius Seed Extracts on Hep2c Cells and its Inhibitory Efficacy with Receptors of Cervical Carcinoma

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amritpal Kaur ◽  
Yash Sharma ◽  
Kamran Waidha ◽  
Madhumita P Ghosh ◽  
Anoop Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Cervix Carcinoma ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Seed Extracts

Abstract Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties, however its seed extract has not been studied against cervical cancer (CaCx) till date. Herein, we have assessed the antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of A. precatorius seed extracts (ethyl acetate and 70% ethanol) prepared from different extraction methods (Soxhlet and maceration) against human cervix carcinoma cells (Hep2C). We observed a significantly higher total flavonoid content of APE (sox) i.e.,112.7±0.127 mg Quercetin Equivalent/g of extract than others; total phenolic content of APA (mac) seed extract was higher i.e.,108.53±0.089 mg Quercetin Equivalent/g of extract and total tannin content of APA (sox) was higher i.e., 98.98± 0.011 mg tannic acid equivalents/g of extract. In addition, tannic acid, rutin and piperine were identified in extracts by HPLC. Furthermore, APA (sox) exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 14.49±0.93µg/ml. APE (mac) showed the most significant antiproliferative activity with IC50 value of 85.90±0.93µg/mL against Hep2c cells. SOD and GST activity was observed as highest in the APA(Mac) extract whereas the catalase activity and GSH content was maximum in the APE(Mac) extract. Further, the MDA content was observed to be the least in APE(Mac) extracts. Docking results suggested maximum binding energy between tannic acid and Her2 receptor compared to doxorubicin (standard). This study provides evidence that A. precatorius seed extracts possess promising bioactive compounds with probable anticancer and antioxidant properties against CaCx which might be utilized as a possible herbal remedy aimed at restricting tumor growth.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf leaf extract as seed protectant against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on stored maize (Zea mays L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Diligent Oboho ◽  
Joseph Eyo ◽  
Felicia Ekeh ◽  
Solomon Okweche
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Filter Papers ◽  
Acetone Extracts ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

A laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the insecticidal property of <em>Cymbopogon citratus</em> leaf extract as seed protectant against maize weevil. One (1) gram each of acetone, chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts were re-suspended in 5 ml of deionized water and used to impregnate filter papers set in four replicates. Varied concentrations of the aqueous extract per 50 g of <em>Zea mays</em> grains infested with 10 pairs of sexed <em>Sitophilus zeamais</em> for 28 days were tested for insecticidal properties and compared with experimental and synthetic conventional insecticide [Coopex (0.25 g)] controls. Parameters assessed were effect of <em>C. citratus</em> extracts on weevil mortality (toxicity test) and protection of maize against <em>S. zeamais</em>. Data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and means were separated using New Duncan Multiple Range Test at 5% level of significance. Results showed significant (P &lt; 0.05) concentration and duration dependent mortalities of <em>S. zeamais</em>. The aqueous extract gave the highest protection of the maize grains followed by chloroform, methanol and acetone extracts respectively. The insecticidal potency of <em>C. citratus</em> extracts and its availability places it as an attractive biopesticide in traditional post-harvest seed protection.

scholarly journals In vitro antioxidant and antidiarrheal activities of aqueous and n-hexane extracts of Cucurbita maxima seed in castor oil-induced diarrheal rats

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habibu Tijjani ◽  
Adamu Matinja ◽  
Marwanatu Yahya ◽  
Emmanuel Aondofa ◽  
Akibu Sani
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Seed Extracts

Diarrhea is a common health complaint occurring with mild, temporary conditions to a potentially life-threatening condition. <i>Cucurbita maxima</i> (Cucurbitaceae) seed is reportedly used traditionally for the treatment of diarrheal and thus this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidants, total tannins, phenolics contents, and antidiarrheal potentials of <i>n</i>-hexane and aqueous <i>C. maxima</i> seed extracts in castor oil induced diarrheal rats. The <i>n</i>-hexane extract mainly contains oils while the aqueous extract was thick, brown solid. The aqueous and <i>n</i>-hexane seed extract of <i>C. maxima</i> expressed significant 2,2, diphenyl-1-picrythdrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities at 6.25 – 1000 mg/mL with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 104.01 mg/mL, 29.27 mg/mL and 26.78 mg/mL for <i>n</i>-hexane, aqueous and vitamin C respectively. The hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of the <i>n</i>-hexane and aqueous seed extract of <i>C. maxima</i> were significantly lower at higher concentrations compared with that of vitamin C. Furthermore, the total antioxidant capacities of <i>n</i>-hexane (22.08mg/mL) and aqueous seed extract (11.03 mg/mL) of <i>C. maxima</i> were found to be higher than that of vitamin C (134.46 mg/mL). The aqueous extracts (658.33±380.08 mg QE/g) total tannins were not significantly different from the <i>n</i>-hexane extract (468.33±102.55 mg QE/g) while the <i>n</i>-hexane extract contains significantly higher total phenolics (2.93±1.25 mg GAE/g) compared with the aqueous extract (0.19±0.04 mg GAE/g). Percentage inhibition of stooling was found to be 57±22%, 41±16%, and 46±11% for loperamide, <i>n</i>-hexane, and aqueous respectively. The study concludes that aqueous and n-hexane seed extracts of <i>C. maxima</i> (pumpkin) possess in vitro antioxidant activities and antidiarrheal properties.

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