scholarly journals Weed Interference on the Accumulation of Dry Mass and Macronutrients of Eggplant ‘Nápoli’

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J.P. MARQUES ◽  
M.S. BIANCO ◽  
S. BIANCO ◽  
A.B.C. FILHO ◽  
W.R. CERVEIRA JR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Growth And Nutrition

ABSTRACT: The presence of weeds may affect both growth and nutrition of agricultural crops due to interference. The objective was to evaluate the interference of weeds in the dry mass distribution and in the accumulation of dry mass and macronutrients in eggplant. The treatments consisted of increasing weed-free and weedy periods (0-14, 0-28, 0-42, 0-56, 0-70, 0-84, 0-98, 0-112, 0-126, 0-140 and 0-154 days after transplanting) in eggplant ‘Nápoli’. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replicates. Weeds affected the distribution of dry mass between vegetative and reproductive organs of eggplant. There was a significant reduction in the accumulation of dry mass and macronutrients when weeds grew with eggplant crop beyond 42 days after transplanting, reaching the maximum reduction of 79%, 75%, 80%, 82%, 83%, 83% and 80% in the accumulation of dry mass, K, N, Ca, Mg, P and S, respectively. Therefore, the weed community significantly affects the growth and mineral nutrition of eggplant ‘Napoli’, and there should be no weed-crop coexistence beyond 28 days after seedling transplanting.

scholarly journals Interference Periods in Soybean Crop as Affected by Emergence Times of Weeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.R. ZANDONÁ ◽  
D. AGOSTINETTO ◽  
B.M. SILVA ◽  
Q. RUCHEL ◽  
D.S. FRAGA
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Intermediate Time ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Weed Emergence

ABSTRACT: Weeds emergence times modify competition with crops. Thus, the hypothesis was that the increase in weed emergence flow decreases the period prior to interference (PPI) in soybeans and increases the critical period of interference prevention (CPIP). The objective was to determine the PPI and the CPIP of weeds in soybean crops as affected by the preferred time of weeds emergence flow. Three experiments were conducted in the field in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a factorial design with factor A consisting of coexistence or weed control in soybeans and factor B for eight periods (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 135 days after crop emergence (DAE)). The numbers of emerged plants and weed dry mass by genus and crop productivity were evaluated. The weed interference in culture during all the crop cycle reduces the soybean average yield 73, 94 and 89% in the first, second and third sowing times, respectively. Chemical control may be adopted at the end of PPI, which must be done at 14, 15 and 5 DAE crop, for the first, second, third times, respectively. The sowing in advance and intermediate time of recommendation increase the PPI in about 10 days, favoring the weed management in soybean crops.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF COMPETITION AND WATER DEFICIENCY ON SUNFLOWER AND WEED GROWTH

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
MURILO MEIRA SOARES ◽  
CLÁUDIA DAIANNY MELO FREITAS ◽  
FERNANDO SARMENTO DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
HÉLIDA CAMPOS DE MESQUITA ◽  
TATIANE SEVERO SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT In the agricultural environment, the occurrence of biotic and abiotic stresses, such as weed interference and soil water deficit is common. However, little is known about the effects of the interaction of these stresses on the growth of cultivated crops and weed species. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of competition and water deficiency on the growth of sunflowers and weeds. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a 5 × 2 factorial design, with the first factor corresponding to the competition arrangements between the species (sunflower + Waltheria indica; sunflower + Amaranthus spinosus; and sunflower, W. indica, and A. spinosus in monoculture without competition) and the second factor corresponding to water regimes (irrigated and water deficit). The water deficit regime was established when the sunflower plants had six expanded leaves (V6 stage) and was maintained until the rate of CO2 assimilation of the plants reached values close to zero (6 days), after which irrigation was resumed and maintained until 40 days after emergence, when the plants were collected and evaluated. The growth components evaluated were plant height, leaf area, dry leaf mass, dry stem mass, dry root mass, and total dry mass. Competition between plants decreased sunflower, W. indica, and A. spinosus growth. W. indica and A. spinosus aggravated the negative effects of water deficiency on sunflower growth. The water deficit regime did not affect the growth of W. indica. A. spinosus was more competitive with the sunflower than was W. indica.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis SEEDLINGS WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZERS

FLORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1231
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Camara ◽  
Cristiane Figueira da Silva ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Gabriela Cavalcanti Alves ◽  
Dereck Halley Anthony Alves Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Part ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Applied Dose

Mineral fertilization is an important practice that contributes to the production of seedlings with satisfactory quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the application of potassium chloride (KCl) and monoammonium phosphate (MAP) on growth and nutrition of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis seedlings. The experiment was conducted in full sun, with direct sowing in tubes containing composite substrate (Pinus bark, coconut fiber, bovine manure and vermiculite). The experimental design was a randomized block design in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with five doses of KCl (0.0, 0.025, 0.050, 0.100, and 0.200 g seedling-1) and two doses of MAP (0 and 0.10g seedling-1), with four replicates. At 120 days, the effect of the interaction between the KCl and MAP doses was verified for the variables: diameter at root collar, dry mass of the aerial part (DMAP) and total (TDM), Dickson Quality Index, N content, P K in the aerial part, K content in the roots, absorption efficiency (AE) of N and P. For the variables: height (H); leaf area; root dry mass (RDM); H/DRC and DMPA/RDM ratios; and N and P content in the roots, only effect of the application of MAP is observed, whereas for AE_K the effect was only of KCl. Thus, there is variation in the effect of KCl doses as a function of morphological and nutritional variables evaluated. In general, the best seedling growth and nutrition occurs with the applied dose of 0.100 g KCl + 0.10 g MAP seedling -1.

scholarly journals Interference Periods of Raphanus raphanistrum L. in Sunflower Crop

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. AGOSTINETTO ◽  
N. WESTENDORFF ◽  
R.R. ZANDONÁ ◽  
A.R. ULGUIM ◽  
A.C. LANGARO
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Wild Radish ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Sunflower Crop ◽  
Crop Cycle

ABSTRACT: Raphanus raphanistrum L. (wild radish) stands out among the weeds that cause greatest damage to the sunflower crop, due to the development cycle and adaptability. The objective of this research was to determine interference periods of sunflower interacting with wild radish, and the effects of competition on yield and its components. The experiment was conducted in the field in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a factorial design with factor A composed of wild radish coexistence or control in sunflower, and factor B, for eight periods (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 135 days after crop emergence). It was evaluated height, diameter of chapters, achene yield and dry matter of weeds and crop. The presence of wild radish adversely affects the accumulation of dry mass, head diameter, thousand grain weight and reduces sunflower productivity when the wild radish interacts during the whole crop cycle, but does not affect on plant height. Chemical control of wild radish may be adopted at the end of period prior to interference, which for sunflower crop is 13 DAE, and the application is sufficient to avoid weed interference until the end of the total period of interference prevention which occurs until 17 days after crop emergence.

scholarly journals Agro-economic responsiveness of radish associations with cowpea in the presence of different amounts of Calotropis procera, spatial arrangements and agricultural crops

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Leandro Costa Nunes ◽  
Francisco Bezerra Neto ◽  
Jailma Suerda Silva de Lima ◽  
Aurélio Paes Barros Júnior ◽  
Aridênia Peixoto Chaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The Media ◽  
Cropping Seasons

ABSTRACT The integration of research emphasizing sustainable development, employment, income generation and food security has been highlighted in the media. The objective of this research was to evaluate the agro-economic responsiveness of radish associations with cowpea in the presence of different amounts of roostertree, spatial arrangements and agricultural crops. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications, with treatments arranged in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, where the first factor consisted of four amounts of C. procera incorporated in the soil (20, 35, 50 and 65 t ha-1 on a dry basis) and the second factor of three spatial arrangements (2:2, 3:3, and 4:4) in two cropping seasons. Radish samples were evaluated for plant height, dry mass of shoots, total and commercial productivity of roots, productivity of scrap roots, and dry mass of roots, while in cowpea, vegetation was assessed for length of green pods, number of pods per square meter, productivity and dry mass of green pods, number of green grains per pod, weight of 100 green grains, and yield and dry mass of green grains. The economic indicators of monetary advantage and modified monetary advantage were used in the evaluation of efficiency. A greater agro-economic responsiveness of the intercropping of radish and cowpea crops was obtained with the incorporation of 56.44 t ha-1 of C. procera. The spatial arrangements of 3:3 and 4:4 had better agronomic and economic responsiveness. The association between radish and cowpea is feasible when the crops are fertilized with C. procera.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and potassium supply and the morphogenic and productive characteristics of marandu palisadegrass

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1666-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Mahmoud Megda ◽  
Francisco Antonio Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
System Development ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Specific Length

The objective of this work was to study morphogenic characteristics, and dry matter production of roots and shoots of marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) submitted to combinations of nitrogen and potassium, in a nutritive solution, employing silica as substrate. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse during the summer. It was used a 5² fractionated factorial scheme with 13 combinations of nitrogen and potassium, which were distributed in a randomized block design, with four replications. The nitrogen × potassium interaction was significant for the number of tillers and leaves, for leaf area, for shoots and root section dry mass, for total length and surface and specific length and surface in the roots. Production of aerial part dry mass positively correlated with the number of tillers and leaves and grass leaf area. Nitrogen rates modulated the root system development, and the root specific length and surface decreased when high rates of nitrogen and potassium were supllied. Nitrogen and potassium influence Marandu palisadegrass morphogenic characteristics, which are determinant for grass dry matter production.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF FORAGE CACTUS VARIETIES

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIPE LIMA DE AMORIM ◽  
JANAINA AZEVEDO MARTUSCELLO ◽  
JOSÉ TEODORICO DE ARAÚJO FILHO ◽  
DANIEL DE NORONHA FIGUEIREDO VIEIRA DA CUNHA ◽  
LIANA JANK
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT: Cultivars of the genus Nopalea are known in Brazil for being tolerant to cochineal carmine attacks, thus making the cultivation of this genus a promising alternative for mitigating the negative effects of this insect on the production of biomass. With the objectives of characterizing morphologically spineless forage cactus varieties and identify morphological characteristics that may be the focus in spineless forage cactus breeding programs, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with 11 treatments and four replications. The variety Alagoas showed the highest values of weight, area and volume of cladodes. The varieties Negro Michoacan F7 and V7, Tamazunchale V12 showed the highest values of the cladode area index, the total volume of cladodes and total fresh mass production. The varieties Negro Michoacan V7 and F7 presented the highest water use efficiency and dry mass yield. Cladode volume showed the highest correlation coefficients with the fresh weight of cladodes. Aiming the release of varieties for biomass production, varieties Negro Michoacan F7, V7 and Tamazunchale V12 may substitute the Miúda variety. The number and cladode area index may be used as criteria for selection of superior varieties in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Drought-induced alterations in the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the relation with drought tolerance in sugar cane

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Ramos da Silva ◽  
Jairo Osvaldo Cazetta ◽  
Samira Domingues Carlin ◽  
Bruna Robiati Telles
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Plant Transpiration ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Prolonged Drought ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Relationship Of

ABSTRACT Although there are evidences that the proper supply of mineral nutrients to plants relieves water stress, little is known on the approach of how the drought affects the absorption and accumulation of nutrients by distinct sugar cane genotypes, or in different parts of a same plant. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the content and accumulation of N, P and K in the aerial part of plant from three genotypes of sugar cane, submitted to three water potentials in the soil, and check the relationship of these variables with the tolerance of plants to prolonged drought. In order to access this objective, an experiment under greenhouse conditions, comprised by a fatorial 3 × 3, in a randomized block design, and four replicates was carried out. After 90 days from treatment imposition, the plant transpiration rate, plant dry mass, concentration of N, P and K were determined in leaves and culms, as well as in total plant shoot were measured. It was found that tolerance to drought in sugar cane is related to higher levels of N and K in the leaves and stems, and larger accumulations of K and P in the plant shoot. There is high positive correlations among accumulation of N, P and K in the plant shoot and dry matter production by plants submitted to drought. There are intermediate correlations among plant transpiration and nutrient uptake by plants under drought. Plants of the genotype SP81-3250 are more tolerante to prolonged drought, than the RB855453 and IACSP95-5000 plants.

scholarly journals Interference of Urochloa plantaginea on Morphophysiology and Yield Components of Black Beans

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Milena Barretta Franceschetti ◽  
Leandro Galon ◽  
Maico André Michelon Bagnara ◽  
Renan Pawelkiewicz ◽  
Leonardo Brunetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Black Beans ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Among the factors which affect crop productivity, there are weeds which compete for environment resources. The objective of this work was to determine the periods of interference of alexandergrass on the morphophysiology and productivity components of black beans. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized block design with four replications. The bean cultivar of the black type used was IPR Uirapuru, being the treatments separated in two models of interference: in the coexistence group, the crop of the bean lived with the alexandergrass by growing periods of 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and throughout the cycledays after emergence and throughout the cycle; in the control group the crop was kept free of the infestation for the same periods described previously. At 42 DAE were evaluated the variables related to plant morphology and physiology (height of bean plants, number of trifoliate leaves, dry mass plant, number of grains pods, number od pods plants, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, photosynthetic activity, efficiency of carboxylation, efficient use of water, transpiration rate). Considering the results, it is possible to conclude that the critical period of interference prevention (CPIP) comprises 24 to 50 DAE, the period before the interference (PBI) was 24 DAE and the total period of interference prevention (TPIP) was 50 days and that the morphological and physiological variables of the plants were negatively affected in the coexistence with the alexandergrass when compared to the treatments kept free of weeds throughout the crop cycle.

scholarly journals Cutting Height of Mombasa Grass Under Silvopastoral and Monoculture Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
M. O. D. Rodrigues ◽  
A. C. dos Santos ◽  
M. O. D. Rodrigues ◽  
O. Silveira Junior ◽  
L. B. T. de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Silvopastoral System ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Rainy Period ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Main Variable ◽  
Cutting Management ◽  
Cutting Height

This study aimed to evaluate the production of Mombasa grass cultivation under two different systems: monoculture and silvopastoral, with heights of 70, 80, 90, and 100 cm. Two seasons were evaluated: rainy period (December to March) and rain/drought transition (March to June). The variables evaluated were: total dry mass (TDM), dry mass (DM) of the morphological components, number of tillers, efficiency of nitrogen use, DM content, number of harvest cycles and cutting intervals. The experimental design was a randomized block design with five replications. The monoculture system presented the highest yields of TDM, number of tillers and DM of the morphological components in the two evaluated periods. The main variable affected by shading was the number of tillers per area, which directly affects all variables linked to production. In addition to the type of system, the time of the year also influenced the production of DM of the grass. The evaluation of grass productivity in silvopastoral system evidenced that the plant tends to respond differently to cutting management when compared to the monoculture system. In the monoculture system, the recommended height for greater TDM yield and better leaf/stem ratio in the rainy period and the rainy/drought transition period was 80 cm, maintaining the residue height at 40 cm. As for SSP, cutting height of 70 cm presented the highest TDM and leaf/stem ratio for the two evaluated periods, maintaining the residue height at 40 cm.

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