scholarly journals Drift Distance in Aircraft Glyphosate Application Using Rice Plants as Indicators

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. CÓRDOVA ◽  
M. TOMAZETTI ◽  
J.P. REFATTI ◽  
D. AGOSTINETTO ◽  
L.A. AVILA ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the potential for glyphosate drift during aerial application using rice plants as sentinels, aiming to determine the effect of drift on irrigated rice crops. For this purpose, a field experiment was performed using an entirely randomized design with four replicates, evaluating different distances from the site of application [control (no application), 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 300, and 400 m]. The experiment was carried out at the Granjas 4 Irmãos farm, located in the Rio Grande city, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The glyphosate dose application was 1,920 g e.a. ha-1 (Roundup Transorb®, 480 g e.a. L-1 glyphosate isopropylamine salt). A dose-response curve was developed to estimate the drift rate in sentinel plants, by applying increasing glyphosate doses in rice plants and assessing the injury level. The drift rates estimated by the injury level in sentinel plants were 14% (150 m), 13% (200 m), and 5% (400 m). Death of the experimental units was observed for distances between 0 and 50 m, while in distances between 75 and 150 m, 25 to 50% of the plants survived, reducing productivity. In the distances between 200 and 400 m, there was no reduction in productivity when compared to the control, even when the injury levels reached 52 to 82%. Thus, we concluded that a 5% glyphosate drift reached up to 400 m from the application range. Considering the recommendation of zero drift, distances greater than 400 m should be adopted to avoid symptoms in rice plants. We suggest using distances of more than 400 m in future studies.

Revista CERES ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 668-675
Author(s):  
Mauro Antônio Rizzardi ◽  
Alana Cristina Dorneles Wandscheer ◽  
Andrea Ferreira Hoffmann

ABSTRACT Competition is the best known form of direct interference of weeds on agricultural crops. However, there is relatively little information on the competition of the weed sudangrass on soybean, which has been common in agricultural areas in the southern of Rio Grande do Sul. The objective of this study was to evaluate the competition between sudangrass and soybeans using replacement series experiments. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments consisted of soybean and sudangrass associations. The experimental units were 8-L plastic pots, in the proportions 0: 8, 2: 6, 4: 4, 6: 2, 8: 0, corresponding to 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the crop and weed respectively. Shoot, root and total dry matter and plant height were analyzed through diagrams applied to replacement series and competitive indices. Soybean showed competitive superiority in coexistence with sudangrass in relation to shoot, root and total dry matter. The intraspecific competition was more significant for the crop and inter-specific competition was more important for the weed.


Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-548
Author(s):  
Lukas Dos Santos Boeira ◽  
Michaela Bárbara Neto ◽  
Lúcio De Araújo Neves ◽  
Viviane Santos Silva Terra ­ ◽  
Gilberto Loguercio Collares

EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIA PELO MÉTODO DE PENMAN-MONTEITH EM ANOS DE ENOS PARA MICRORREGIÃO DE PELOTAS-RS     LUKAS DOS SANTOS BOEIRA¹; MICHAELA BÁRBARA NETO²; LÚCIO DE ARAÚJO NEVES3; VIVIANE SANTOS SILVA TERRA4 E GILBERTO LOGUERCIO COLLARES4   1Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rua Gomes Carneiro, n° 1, Balsa, 96010-610, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, [email protected] 2Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Caixa Postal 09, 13416-000, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brasil, [email protected] 3Departamento de Solos, Instituto Federal Sul-Rio-Grandense, Campus Pelotas - Visconde da Graça, Avenida Engenheiro Ildefonso Simões Lopes, Três Vendas, 96060-290, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, [email protected] 4Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rua Gomes Carneiro, n° 1, Balsa, 96010-610, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, [email protected]; [email protected]     1 RESUMO   A Microrregião de Pelotas, localizada no Sudeste do Rio Grande do Sul é uma das maiores produtoras de arroz irrigado do Brasil. A produção de arroz na região é realizada através do sistema de irrigação por inundação. Um dos fatores que influência na altura da lâmina d'água no sistema é a evapotranspiração, a qual está diretamente relacionada aos elementos e fenômenos climáticos. O El Niño Oscilação Sul (ENOS) é um dos principais fenômenos climáticos na região. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar se a evapotranspiração de referência (ET0) é afetada pelos períodos de ENOS na Microrregião de Pelotas-RS. Para isso, foram utilizados quarenta anos de dados climáticos diários na estimativa da ET0, pelo método de Penman-Monteith, parametrizado pela FAO, sendo confrontados com a classificação do NOAA, para o fenômeno ENOS. Os resultados mostram que a região possui em média uma ET0 de 4,82 mm dia-1, sendo para os períodos de El Niño 4,71 mm dia-1, La Niña 4,89 mm dia-1 e Neutros de 4,87 mm dia-1. A partir da análise da variância e do teste de comparação de médias DMS de Fisher, foi verificado que o ENOS exerce influência significativa na ET0 da região nos meses de novembro e dezembro.   Palavras-chave: variáveis climatológicas, El Niño, La Niña, Neutros, arroz irrigado.     BOEIRA, L. S.; NETO, M. B.; NEVES, L. A.; TERRA, V. S. S.; COLLARES, G. L. REFERENCE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION BY THE PENMAN-MONTEITH’S METHOD IN YEARS OF ENSO FOR THE MICROREGION OF PELOTAS-RS.     2 ABSTRACT   The Micro-zone of Pelotas, located in the southeast of 'Rio Grande do Sul' is one of the major producers of irrigated rice in Brazil. Rice production in the region is performed through the flood irrigation system. One of the factors that influence the depth of water into the system is evapotranspiration, which is directly related to elements and climatic phenomena. The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is one of the main climatic phenomena in the region. The study aimed to assess whether  the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is affected by the ENSO's periods in the Microregion of Pelotas-RS. For such,  forty years of daily climatic data were used to estimate ET0 by applying Penman-Monteith's method parameterized by FAO, then the results were confronted to NOAA's classification for the ENSO's phenomenon. The results showed that the region has an evapotranspiration average of 4.82 mm day-1 and for El Niño's periods 4.71 mm day-1, La Niña's 4.89 mm day-1 and Neutral of 4.87 mm day-1. From the variance analysis and the test of average comparison LSD by Fisher, it was noted that ENOS has  significant influence on the region's ET0 in  November and December.   Keywords: climatological variables, El Niño, La Niña, Neutral, irrigated rice.


2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suripto Suripto

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari preferensi dan kecepatan makan dari berbagai usia keong mas terhadap berbagai kultivar dan umur tanaman padi. Keong mas dikoleksi dari daerah Tanjung Lombok Utara, dikembangbiakkan dan diaklimatisasi di Laboratorium Biologi FMIPA Universitas Mataram. Variasi usia keong mas yang digunakan untuk uji hayati adalah 1 bulan, 3 bulan dan 6 bulan. Tanaman padi yang digunakan adalah kultivar Cibogo, Cigeulis, dan Ciherang, masing-masing dengan umur 20, 30, dan 60 hari setelah tanam. Uji hayati preferensi dan aktivitas makan dari keong mas terhadap tanaman padi dilakukan secara ex situ menurut rancangan blok acak lengkap di Kebun Biologi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Mataram. Data diolah untuk menentukan tingkat keganasan dari keong mas menurut variasi usia dan kerentanan tanaman padi menurut variasi kultivar dan umurnya setelah tanam. Hasil menunjukkan, bahwa keong mas berusia enam bulan mempunyai kecepatan makan dua kali lipat dari keong mas umur tiga bulan dan empat kali lipat dari keong mas berumur satu bulan terhadap tanaman padi. Preferensi keong mas terhadap tanaman padi tidak dipengaruhi oleh variasi kultivar tanaman padi, akan tetapi lebih dipengaruhi oleh umur tanaman padi tersebut. Tanaman padi berumur 10 dan 20 hari setelah tanam masing-masing adalah delapan dan tujuh kali lipat lebih disukai dari tanaman padi berumur 60 hari setelah tanam.Kata-kata kunci: Keong mas, tanaman padi, kecepatan makan, preferensi. Abstract: The research was intended to evaluate preference and rate of eat away the rice plants (various cultivars and ages) of the golden snail (various live spans). The golden snails were collected in rice lands of Tanjung Area, North Lombok. Its were reared and acclimated in Biology Laboratory. The bioassay was carried out by block randomized design in accordance with ex situ in The Biology Garden, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram. Investigations of preference and rate of eat away rice plants with various cultivars: Cibogo, Cigeulis, and Ciherang and ages: 20, 30, and  60 days by the golden snails with various live spans: 1, 3, and 6 months carried out by block randomized design in accordance with ex situ. Data pointed to describe life spans of voracious golden snails and   cultivars and ages of susceptible rice plants. The result saw that, preferences were not dependent on variation of paddy cultivars. The six months old - golden snails  had rate of eat away rice plants two fold than   the three months old - golden snail, and four fold than the a month old - golden snail. The rice plants 10 and 20 days old were given preference by golden snail eight and seven fold the rice plants 60 days old.Key words: Golden snails, preference, rate of eat away, and rice plants.


Author(s):  
Lucas B. de Freitas ◽  
Dirceu M. Fernandes ◽  
Suelen C. M. Maia ◽  
Arianne Moniz ◽  
Beatriz G. Mazziero ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT The aluminum source to produce toxicity in upland rice in nutrient solution experiments is not yet well established, althought the aluminum potassium sulfate has been utilized source to produce aluminum toxicity. However, in recent studies have used aluminum chloride. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of aluminum sources and doses to produce toxicity in upland rice plants grown in nutrient solution. The experiment was arranged in a block randomized design, in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme and four repetitions. The treatments were two aluminum sources (aluminum potassium sulfate - AlK(SO4)2.12H2O and aluminum chloride - AlCl3.6H2O) and five aluminum doses in nutrient solution (0, 370, 740, 1100 and 1480 μmol L-1). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in Botucatu city, São Paulo state, Brazil, starting in April 2012, and was carried out for 56 days from transplanting of the seedlings. Using aluminum chloride, the rice plants show lower production of root and total dry weight, area and root volume, medium and thick root length, potassium and sulfur contents and accumulations. Using aluminum potassium sulfate, there are lower aluminum activity and availability, besides the formation of large amount of aluminum compounds non-toxic to the plants (aluminum sulfate) in the nutrient solution. The aluminum doses between 1100 to 1480 µmol L-1, corresponding to aluminum activity of 336.8 to 429.0 µmol L-1 of aluminum chloride as source, are more effective to produce aluminum toxicity in upland rice plants grown in nutrient solution.


2010 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 1148-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna N Reddy ◽  
Wei Ding ◽  
Robert M Zablotowicz ◽  
Steven J Thomson ◽  
Yanbo Huang ◽  
...  

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Menegaz de Farias ◽  
Joana Tartari Klein ◽  
Josué Sant'Ana ◽  
Luiza Rodrigues Redaelli ◽  
Jocélia Grazia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Roro Kesumaningwati ◽  
Nurul Puspita Sari Puspita Sari ◽  
Safryan William Purba

East Kalimantan has a fairly extensive ex-coal mining area. Continuous mining activities cause severe land damage with a dramatically reduced nutrient. The application of organic farming can be one of the solutions to improve ex-mining land. One of the plants that can be applied is Situ Bagendit Rice. Rice Bagendit varieties are dry land rice which is resistant to pests and blast disease. The use of market waste, MOL golden snail, and Trichoderma. Sp as organic material can increase productivity in Bagendit rice plants there and be able to repair damage to ex-coal mine land. The aim of this study was to compare market waste, MOL golden snail and Trichoderma sp to Bagendite rice plant growth. This study used the RAL method (Completely Randomized Design) with 9 treatments and 3 replications. B0 control (soil without additives), B1 compost market waste and Trichoderma sp with a dose of 100 g/polybag, B2 market waste waste compost and MOL golden snail with a dose of 100 g/polybag, B3 compost market waste and Trichoderma sp with 200 g/polybag, B4 market waste compost and MOL golden snail with a dose of 200 g/polybag, B5 market waste compost and Trichoderma sp with a dose of 300 g/polybag, B6 market waste compost and MOL golden snail with a dose of 300 g/polybag, B7 market waste compost and Trichoderma sp with a dose of 400 g/polybag, B8 market waste compost and MOL golden snail with a dose of 400 g/polybag. The results showed that Trichoderma sp market waste compost fertilizer and golden snail market MOL waste compost each had a significant effect on the productivity of bagendite rice plants. In addition, MOL market golden snail waste compost with the best dosage of 400 g/polybag is able to produce harvested dry grain production of around 2.8 tons/ha.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-109
Author(s):  
Thaís D Avila Rosa ◽  
Diogo Balbé Helgueira ◽  
Marlon Ouriques Bastiani ◽  
Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ◽  
Mauro Mesko Rosa ◽  
...  

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of seeds dressing in the initial establishment of irrigated rice and in the tolerance to herbicides when submitted to low temperatures. The study comprehended two experiments, where the first stage was realized at the Laboratory of Seeds and Technology of the Plants Science Department of the Federal University of Pelotas. Experiment 1: Effect of different seed dressings under the physiologic potential of irrigated rice seeds and experiment 2: Effect of the seeds dressing in the initial establishment of irrigated rice in different sowing seasons in field.  The treatment with dietholate and the combining of dietholate + fipronil + carboxina + tiram, negatively influenced the germination and the vigor tests in both temperatures, decreasing the physiologic performance of rice seeds in lab. When taken to field, the seeds dressing did not influence the analyzed factors, being dependent of the herbicide applying and the sowing season. Besides presenting phytotoxicity, the rice plants presented detoxification power from the herbicide, being possible to analyze this fact, since there was higher number of tillers, resulting in higher number of panicles resulting in higher productivities.


2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Selvi Helina ◽  
Sri Sulandari ◽  
Sedyo Hartono ◽  
Andi Trisyono

Detection and Transmission of  rice stunt virus on Ciherang and Situ Bagendit Varieties. The explosion of brown planthoppers recently has caused reduction of rice production in Indonesia. Brown planthoppers do not only act as pest, but also transmit Rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV) and Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV). Detection of the existence of the two viruses in rice plants and vector insects is important to be done to ensure that the virus is infected with the vector. The aim of this research is to detect the existence of virus in varieties of Ciherang and Situ Bagendit as a result of transmission in the laboratory and to find out the ability of brown planthoppers to transmit stunt virus to both of the varieties. This research was compiled using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments, namely healthy rice plants of Ciherang and Situ Bagendit varieties, Ciherang and Situ Bagendit varieties which were infested by brown planthoppers each with 5 repetitions. The parameters observed were incubation period, symptoms, plant height, number of leaves and incidence of disease. The data on plant height, number of leaves and incidence of disease were analyzed using ANOVA and continued with the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at the level of 5%. The results showed that Ciherang and Situ Bagendit varieties were only positively infected by Rice ragged stunt virus. The results of the rice transmission showed that Ciherang variety had a faster incubation period of 10 DAI while Situ Bagendit was 14 DAI, but the two varieties showed an inhibition of growth in plant height and number of leaves compared to healthy plants with each incidence of 51.3% and 46.3%.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Troyjack ◽  
João R. Pimentel ◽  
Vinícius J. Szareski ◽  
Ivan R. Carvalho ◽  
Francine Lautenchleger ◽  
...  

The lowland soils in Rio Grande do Sul occupy an area of approximately 5.4 million hectares of the state. They are flat to mildly hilly topography soils, developed, under varied conditions of drainage deficiency (hydromorphism). In this ecosystem, the extensive productive livestock system and irrigated rice were developed, used successfully for many decades. However, its characteristics and peculiarities have contributed to the cost of production, disseminate weed seeds in the crops and degrade the physical state of the lowland soils, due to this, the interest arose for the use of new alternatives that were, at the same time, efficient in the control of red rice, economically viable and able to maintain or even recover soil quality. The search for practices capable of increasing the productivity of irrigated rice and, especially, its sustainability over time has been the focus of several studies, so the objective of this review was to present aspects related to crop diversification and conservation management of lowland soils, mainly in relation to rotation and succession practices.


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