scholarly journals Ammonium/nitrate ratio affects the growth and glucosinolates content of pakchoi

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-253
Author(s):  
Jing Yang ◽  
Biao Zhu ◽  
Xiaolei Ni ◽  
Yong He
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ammonium Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Β Carotene

ABSTRACT Nitrogen (N) strongly affects plant growth. However, little is known about the effects of the ammonium/nitrate ratio on pakchoi (Brassica rapa), especially its glucosinolates (GSs) contents which are involved in plant defense and many of them benefit to human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a constant N supply (8 mM) but with five ammonium/nitrate ratios (namely 0/8 mM, 2/6 mM, 4/4 mM, 6/2 mM and 8/0 mM) on the growth of pakchoi in a hydroponic system in 2 years. In both years, a higher biomass (dry weight) was in the 4/4 and 2/6 ammonium/nitrate treatments (2.3 and 2.2-fold compared to 8/0, respectively), with no significant difference in biomass between these two treatments. The biomass then decreased with increasing proportions of ammonium in the N supply from more than 10 g/pot to below 5 g/pot. The N and sulfur contents were strongly affected in the sole nitrate or ammonium treatments, as were the contents of chlorophyll, lutein, and β-carotene. Most of the individual glucosinolates (GSs) detected in pakchoi showed the highest concentrations in the sole ammonium treatment. The ammonium/nitrate ratio also affected the types of GSs. The highest proportion of indolyl GSs and the lowest proportion of aromatic GSs were in the sole ammonium treatment. We concluded that a high ammonium level decreases the biomass but increases the GSs concentrations in pakchoi. Further studies are required to explore the difference in GSs metabolism among plants supplied with different ammonium/nitrate ratios.

scholarly journals A comparative study of functional outcome between platelet rich plasma injection versus steroid infiltration in plantar fasciitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Harpreet Singh ◽  
Malay P. Gandhi ◽  
Aliasgar J. Rampurwala ◽  
Tej S. Rudani
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Corticosteroid Injection ◽  
Injection Group ◽  
Plasma Injection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Plantar fasciitis (PF) is considered as degenerative tendinopathies. Repeated micro trauma is the major etiology of these diseases. Autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) injections are becoming more popular in the treatment of enthesopathies like PF. The growth factors in PRP cause tissue healing. We compared the result of injecting intra-lesional autologous PRP injections versus steroid infiltration in chronic PF.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective, interventional and analytic comparative study was done and 81 patients (120 heels) were included in this study and were followed up for 6 months. We assessed the outcome of each patient using visual analog score (VAS) and foot and ankle disability index (FADI) on follow-up at 1, 3, and 6 months. <strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In our study, female preponderance was seen. Left side was more common as compared to right side. Unilateral PF is more common than bilateral. The difference with in the individual group at baseline and at 1,3 and 6 months was statistically highly significant in terms of VAS and FADI (p=0.0001) But the difference in the between the two groups was insignificant for VAS and FADI at 1, 3 and 6 months.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In our study, as there is no significant difference in VAS and FADI score between corticosteroid injection group and PRP injection group at 1, 3 and 6 months follow up. So, it’s reasonable to conclude that both are equally effective in PF. But as PRP injection comes out to be more time consuming and more costly, corticosteroid seems to be more efficient, cost and time wise. Hence, the latter should be a better choice.      </p>

scholarly journals Impact of Artificial Intelligence, With and Without Information, on Pathologists’ Decisions: An Experiment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Meyer ◽  
April Khademi ◽  
Bernard Têtu ◽  
Wencui Han ◽  
Pria Nippak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Aid ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Decision Aids ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Gleason Grade ◽  
Accuracy Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly gaining attention in medicine and in pathology in particular. While much progress has been made in refining the accuracy of algorithms, thereby increasing their potential use, we need to better understand how these algorithms will be used by pathologists, who will remain for the foreseeable future the decision-makers. The objective of this paper is to determine the propensity of pathologists to rely on AI decision aids and to investigate whether providing information on the algorithm impacts this reliance.Methods: To test our hypotheses, we conducted an experiment with within-subjects design using an online survey study. 116 respondent pathologists and pathology students participated in the experiment. Each participant was tasked with assessing the Gleason grade for a series of 12 prostate cancer samples under three conditions: without advice, with advice from an AI decision aid, and with advice from an AI decision aid with information provided on the algorithm, namely the algorithm accuracy rate and the algorithm model. Scores were computed by comparing the respondents’ scores with the “true” score at the individual-question level. A mixed effects logistic regression was used to analyze the difference in scores between the different conditions, controlling for the random effects of participants and images and to assess the interactions with Experience, Gender and beliefs towards AI.Results: Participant responses to the questions with AI decision aids were significantly more accurate than the control condition without aid. However, no significant difference was found when subjects were provided with additional accuracy rate and model information on the AI advice. Moreover, the propensity to rely on AI was found to relate to general beliefs on AI but not with particular assessments of the AI tool offered. Males also performed better in the No-aid condition but not in the AI-aid condition.Conclusions: AI can significantly influence pathologists and the general beliefs in AI could be major predictors of future reliance on AI by pathologists.

scholarly journals Maize Genotypes With Different Zinc Efficiency in Response to Low Zinc Stress and Heterogeneous Zinc Supply

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianqin Xu ◽  
Xuejie Wang ◽  
Huaqing Zhu ◽  
Futong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Zinc Efficiency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Zn Stress

All over the world, a common problem in the soil is the low content of available zinc (Zn), which is unevenly distributed and difficult to move. However, information on the foraging strategies of roots in response to heterogeneous Zn supply is still very limited. Few studies have analyzed the adaptability of maize inbred lines with different Zn efficiencies to different low Zn stress time lengths in maize. This study analyzed the effects of different time lengths of low Zn stress on various related traits in different inbred lines. In addition, morphological plasticity of roots and the response of Zn-related important gene iron-regulated transporter-like proteins (ZIPs) were studied via simulating the heterogeneity of Zn nutrition in the soil. In this report, when Zn deficiency stress duration was extended (from 14 to 21 days), under Zn-deficient supply (0.5 μM), Zn efficiency (ZE) based on shoot dry weight of Wu312 displayed no significant difference, and ZE for Ye478 was increased by 92.9%. Under longer-term Zn deficiency, shoot, and root dry weights of Ye478 were 6.5 and 2.1-fold higher than those of Wu312, respectively. Uneven Zn supply strongly inhibited the development of some root traits in the -Zn region. Difference in shoot dry weights between Wu312 and Ye478 was larger in T1 (1.97 times) than in T2 (1.53 times). Under heterogeneous condition of Zn supply, both the –Zn region and the +Zn region upregulated the expressions of ZmZIP3, ZmZIP4, ZmZIP5, ZmZIP7, and ZmZIP8 in the roots of two inbred lines. These results indicate that extended time length of low-Zn stress will enlarge the difference of multiple physiological traits, especially biomass, between Zn-sensitive and Zn-tolerant inbred lines. There were significant genotypic differences of root morphology in response to heterogeneous Zn supply. Compared with split-supply with +Zn/+Zn, the difference of above-ground biomass between Zn-sensitive and Zn-tolerant inbred lines under split-supply with –Zn/+Zn was higher. Under the condition of heterogeneous Zn supply, several ZmZIP genes may play important roles in tolerance to low Zn stress, which can provide a basis for further functional characterization.

scholarly journals (70) Hydroponic Sunflower Production as Influenced by Cultivar, Nitrogen Fertilization, and Root-knot Nematode Infestation

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1013D-1013
Author(s):  
Yan Chen ◽  
Donald Merhaut ◽  
J. Ole Becker
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Flower Quality ◽  
N Rates

Nitrogen (N) fertilization is critical for successful production of cut flowers in a hydroponic system. In this study, two sunflower cultivars: single-stand `Mezzulah' and multi-stand `Golden Cheer' were grown under two N fertilization rates: 50 mg·L-1 and 100 mg·L-1 in a recirculating hydroponic system. At the same time, `Mezzulah' sunflowers were biologically stressed by exposing each plant to 2000 second-stage juveniles of the plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita, race 1. The experiment was conducted in May and repeated in Sept. 2004, and plant growth and flower quality between control and nematode-infested plants were compared at the two N rates. The two cultivars responded differently to fertilization treatments. With increasing N rate, the dry weight of `Mezzulah' increased, while that of `Golden Cheer' decreased. Flower size and harvest time were significantly different between the two cultivars. However, N had no effect on flower quality and harvest time. Flower quality rating suggests that quality cut stems can be obtained with 50 mg·L-1 N nutrient solution. Nematode egg count suggests that plants in the nematode treatment were successfully infested with Meloidogyne incognita, however, no significant root galling was observed, and plant growth and flower quality were not affected by nematode infestation.

scholarly journals Occupational structure of bearers of Jewish rabbinical, occupational and generic surnames

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
Alexander Jonathan Vidgop ◽  
Nelly Norton ◽  
Nechama Rosenberg ◽  
Malka Haguel-Spitzberg ◽  
Itzhak Fouxon
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Occupational Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Standard Classification ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Study Choice

We study choice of profession in three groups of Russian-speaking Jewish families with different occupational distributions of the ancestors. This study continues exploration of the persistence of social status of families over centuries that was initiated in recent years. It was found previously that in some cases professions remain associated with the same surnames for many generations. Here the studied groups are defined by a class of the surname of individuals composing them. The class serves as a label that indicates a professional bias of the ancestors of the individual. One group are the bearers of the class of surnames which were used by rabbinical dynasties. The other group is constituted by occupational surnames, mostly connected to crafts. Finally, the last group are generic Jewish names defined as surnames belonging to neither of the above groups. We use the self-collected database that consists of 858 and 1057 of the first two groups, respectively, and 7471 generic Jewish surnames. The statistics of the database are those of individuals drawn at random from the considered groups. We determine shares of members of the groups working in a given type of occupations together with the confidence interval. The occupational type’s definition agrees with International Standard Classification of Occupations. It is demonstrated that there is a statistically significant difference in the occupational structure of the three groups that holds beyond the uncertainty allowed by 95% confidence interval. We quantify the difference with a numerical measure of the overlap of professional preferences of different groups. We conclude that in our study the occupational bias of different population groups is preserved at least for two centuries that passed since the considered surnames appeared.

scholarly journals Biomass Production and Pigment Accumulation in Kale Grown Under Different Radiation Cycles in a Controlled Environment

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1412-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark G. Lefsrud ◽  
Dean A. Kopsell
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Earth Day ◽  
Pigment Accumulation ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Exact Amount

Controlled plant growing systems have consistently used the standard earth day as the radiation cycle for plant growth. However, the radiation cycle can be controlled using automated systems to regulate the exact amount of time plants are exposed to irradiation (and darkness). This experiment investigated the influence of different radiation cycle periods on plant growth and carotenoid accumulation in kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.). Plants were grown in a controlled environment using nutrient solutions under radiation cycle treatments of 2, 12, 24 and 48 hours, with 50% irradiance and 50% darkness during each cycle. The radiation cycles significantly affected kale fresh weight, dry weight, percent dry matter, and the accumulation of lutein, β-carotene, and chlorophyll a and b. Maximum fresh weight occurred under the 2-hour radiation cycle treatment, whereas maximum dry weight occurred under the 12-hour treatment. Maximum accumulation of lutein, β-carotene, and chlorophyll a occurred with the 12-hour radiation cycle at values of 14.5 mg/100 g, 13.1 mg/100 g, and 263.3 mg/100 g fresh weight respectively. Maximum fresh weight production of the kale was not linked to increases in chlorophyll, lutein, or β-carotene. Consumption of fruit and vegetable crops rich in lutein and β-carotene carotenoids is associated with reduced risk of cancers and aging eye diseases. Increased carotenoid concentrations in vegetable crops would therefore be expected to increase the value of these crops.

scholarly journals Improving of true shallot seeds germination by the application of plant growth regulators and osmoconditioning treatment

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012065
Author(s):  
K A Tanjung ◽  
L A M Siregar ◽  
R I M Damanik
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
The Difference

Abstract This study aims to determine the effect of the application of plant growth regulators and osmoconditioning treatment to improve the germination of true shallot seeds. This research was conducted in Asam Kumbang, Medan Selayang, Medan, Indonesia. The research method was a Randomize Block Design with 2 factors, the first factor is Plant Growth Regulators (Z) with 6 levels, namely Z0 (Without PGRs Application), Z1 (Gibberellin 500 ppm), Z2 (Putrescine 15 ppm), Z3 (Putrescine 20 ppm), Z4 (Putrescine 15 ppm + Gibberellin 500 ppm), Z5 (Putrescine 20 ppm + Gibberellin 500 ppm). The second factor was the osmoconditioning treatment with Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) 6000 (O) with 4 levels, namely O0 (Without Osmoconditioning Treatment), O1 (PEG 6000 3%), O2 (PEG 6000 4%), O3 (PEG 6000 5%). Parameters observed were germination rate, germination rate index, percentage of germination, germination ability, simultaneous growth of seeds, seedling length, root length, seedling dry weight, and catalase activity test. The results of this study were: application of plant growth regulators could improve true shallot seed germination, indicated by the observed values of all parameters which were significantly different from those of the control (without PGRs application). The plant growth regulator that produced the best increase in germination was Gibberellins 500 ppm, although the difference in effect with other PGRs was not significantly different. Meanwhile, the osmoconditioning treatment with PEG 6000 was also able to improve the germination of true shallot seeds as indicated by an increase in most of the observed parameters, but in the root length parameter it was seen that the tendency of PEG 6000 3% always gave the highest value but gave the lowest value for this parameter. The best concentration of PEG 6000 in the osmoconditioning treatment to improve true shallot seed germination was 3%.

scholarly journals Occupational structure of bearers of Jewish rabbinical, occupational and generic surnames

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
Alexander Jonathan Vidgop ◽  
Nelly Norton ◽  
Nechama Rosenberg ◽  
Malka Haguel-Spitzberg ◽  
Itzhak Fouxon
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Social Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Occupational Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Standard Classification ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Study Choice

We study choice of profession in three groups of Russian-speaking Jewish families with different occupational distributions of the ancestors. This study continues exploration of the persistence of social status of families over centuries that was initiated in recent years. It was found previously that in some cases professions remain associated with the same surnames for many generations. Here the studied groups are defined by a class of the surname of individuals composing them. The class serves as a label that indicates a professional bias of the ancestors of the individual. One group are the bearers of the class of surnames which were used by rabbinical dynasties. The other group is constituted by occupational surnames, mostly connected to crafts. Finally, the last group are generic Jewish names defined as surnames belonging to neither of the above groups. We use the database that consists of 858 and 1057 of the first two groups, respectively, and 7471 generic Jewish surnames. The statistics of the database are those of individuals drawn at random from the considered groups. We determine shares of members of the groups working in a given type of occupations together with the confidence interval. The occupational type’s definition agrees with International Standard Classification of Occupations. It is demonstrated that there is a statistically significant difference in the occupational structure of the three groups that holds beyond the uncertainty allowed by 95% confidence interval. We quantify the difference with a numerical measure of the overlap of professional preferences of different groups. We conclude that in our study the occupational bias of different population groups is preserved at least for two centuries that passed since the considered surnames appeared.

THE EFFECT OF INGESTED CHLORTETRACYCLINE ON SOME HYDROLASES AND ORGANS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS IN GROWING PIGS: II. PANCREAS–DRY WEIGHT, FAT CONTENT, PROTEASE, AND AMYLASE ACTIVITY

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. A. Vonk ◽  
L. W. McElroy ◽  
J. P. Bowland ◽  
R. T. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Protease Activity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pancreatic Protease ◽  
The Difference

Results of experiments to investigate the effect of dietary chlortetracycline on pancreas dry weight and on the crude fat content and hydrolase activity of the gland are presented. Chlortetracycline fed at a level of 20 g. per ton of feed caused an increase in rate of gain and efficiency of feed utilization by pigs between the ages of 9 and 17 weeks. An effect on the pancreas was indicated by significant increases in: (a) dry weight, (b) total protease and amylase activity, and (c) amylase activity per gram dry matter of the glands from animals receiving the supplemented ration. The difference remained significant after adjustment for body weight by covariance in the case of amylase activity but not for dry weight or protease activity, indicating that the effect of chlortetracycline on amylase activity was more pronounced than that on rate of gain of pigs, pancreas dry weight, or pancreatic protease activity. No significant difference in the crude fat content of the pancreas attributable to the inclusion of chlortetracycline in the ration was observed.

scholarly journals The Effects of Foliar Boron and Silica Through the Leaves on Soybean Growth and Yield

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Paul B Timotiwu ◽  
Agustiansyah . ◽  
Ermawati . ◽  
Suci Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Boron Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The University

This study was aimed to determine the effect of the increasing silica and boron concentration and their interaction on plant growth and soybean yield. This research was conducted from April-September 2017 in the integrated field of the experiment at the University Lampung. The treatments were 0 and 5 ppm Boron (B) fertilizer and Silica (Si) concentrations in 6 levels (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm). The difference between the means of B were calculated by using Orthogonal Contrast and response of Si was used Polynomial at a 0.05. The results showed that application of 5 ppm of B foliarly produced higher of soybean growth and production than without B treatment through variables of the dry weight and grain weight. Application of up to 125 ppm of Si foliarly was improved of soybean growth and production through variables of plant height, number of leaf, leaf area, dry weight and number of productive branch, number of pods, filled pod, and grain weight, but it didn’t affect the percentage of empty pods. The response of soybean growth and production to the increasing Si didn’t depend on the foliar B which was showed in all variables.

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