scholarly journals Effects of short term fasting on the evolution of fecal peritonitis in mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Antônio Martins Bermudes ◽  
Juliano Bertollo Dettoni ◽  
Fausto Edmundo Lima Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Endotoxic Shock ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fecal Peritonitis ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Fecal Suspension ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Resistance To Infection

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of 72 hours food suppression on the evolution of fecal peritonitis in mice evaluating the mortality and measuring the number and size of abscesses formed into the peritoneal cavity. METHODS: Mice receiving commercial diet and water ad libitum (control group, N=35) and mice fasted during 72 h (N=35), receiving only water ad libitum, were inoculated by i.p. route, with 4uL/g body weight of a fecal suspension diluted 1:6 or 1:9 in 0.15M NaCl solution (1:6 dilution, 22 controls and 18 fasted; 1:9 dilution, 13 controls and 17 fasted). Animals were followed up until two weeks after fecal inoculation, when the survivors were euthanized for evaluation of the number and size of intra-peritoneal abscesses. Mortality was evaluated by Kaplan Meyer curves. RESULTS: Mortality was significantly higher in fasted groups than in controls. However the number and size of abscesses were significantly less in fasted groups than in controls. CONCLUSION: Seventy two hours food suppression increased the susceptibility to endotoxic shock (high mortality after peritonitis induction) and the resistance to infection with fecal microorganisms (less number and size of intra-peritoneal abscesses).

scholarly journals Response of slow-growing chickens to feed restriction and effects on growth performance, blood constituents and immune markers

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef A Attia ◽  
Abd-Elhamid E Abd-Elhamid ◽  
Manal Mustafa ◽  
Mohammed A Al-Harthi ◽  
Mai Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immune Markers ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Slow Growing

An experiment was conducted to study the response of a slow growing chickens breed “Sinai” to feed restriction (FR) and the effects on growth performance, blood constituents and immune markers using a total number of 60 unsexed 7-d-old chicks. Chickens were housed in battery brooders during d 1 to 35 of age and randomly distributed keeping similar initial body weight, in two FR treatment groups. During 0-6 d of age, chickens were fed ad libitum, a mash commercial diet. During d 7-14 of age, chickens were fed either 100 or 80 % of the daily amount of feed consumed by the control group during the previous day. From d 15 to d 35, chickens were fed ad libitum diets a mash commercial diet. At the end of the experiment, body weight gain on the FR regimen was significantly lower than that of the control group, but feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not affected. In addition, red blood cells parameters and white blood cells traits were not negatively affected. However, hemagglutination inhibition titter for New castle disease virus, monocyte and total cholesterol were significantly decreased by FR regimen, but blood plasma albumin and immunoglobulin A significantly increased. In conclusion, slow growing chickens could tolerate 27.2 % FR during the 2nd week of age without significant differences in feed intake and FCR for the whole period, and general health status and metabolic profiles indicating a compensatory growth during 15-35 d of age although growth was in favour to the unrestricted group. 

Hindlimb Muscle Atrophy Occurs From Short-Term Undernutrition in Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jee Yoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscles

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of short-term (7 days) undernutrition on Type I (soleus) and Type II (plantaris, gastrocnemius) muscles in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats ( N = 20) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a control group ( n = 10) in which animals were allowed to have water and pellets ad libitum and an undernourished group ( n = 10) in which animals were allowed to have 37% of the total food intake of the control group and water ad libitum. Body weight and food intake were measured daily. After 7 days, rats were anesthetized and the soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius muscles and liver were dissected. Body weight, liver weight, muscle weight, Types I and II fiber cross-sectional area, and myofibrillar protein content were determined. After 7 days of undernutrition, the undernourished group showed significant decreases ( p < .05) compared to the control group in body weight, liver weight, muscle weight of soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius muscles, and cross-sectional areas of Types I and II fiber of the plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles.

scholarly journals COMPARISON EFFECT OF CV 12, ST 36 AND ST 40 EA ON SHORT TERM ENERGY BALANCE REGULATION IN HIGH FAT DIET RAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Purwo Sri Rejeki ◽  
Harjanto Harjanto ◽  
Raden Argarini ◽  
Imam Subadi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term

The aim of this study was to determine the comparative effects of EA (EA) on the CV12, ST36 and ST40 to weight gain prevention over the short-term regulation of energy balance. The study was conducted with a completely randomized design. Rats were divided into five groups: negative control group (no treatment, n=5), positive control (sham EA/back, n=5), EA CV 12 (n=6), EA ST 36 (n=6) and EA ST 40 (n=7). Rats were exposed to high-fat diet for two weeks and EA was simultaneously performed once daily, five days a week for two weeks with 2 Hz, for 10 minutes with continuous wave. Body weight, BMI, front limb circumference and rear were measured during study. Levels of blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL were measured at the end of the study; which reflects the short-term regulation of energy homeostasis. For weight loss, EA CV12, ST36 and ST40 group have lost weight significantly compared to the negative and positive control group. The ST40 group has a significant decrease than ST36 and CV12. The most significant decrease in BMI found in the ST40 group. EA did not affect blood glucose levels, but modulated blood lipid profile. In ST 40 group there was a significant decrease in cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides. EA at point ST 40 is potential in preventing increased body weight and BMI in rats exposed to high-fat diet compared to the CV 12 and ST 36. ST 40 is a point with a potential of lowering LDL and triglycerides serum so that it can play a role in the short term regulation of energy homeostasis but also in the prevention of dyslipidemia.

Heparin pretreatment suppresses norepinephrine concentrations in dogs in endotoxic shock.

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1346-1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
D F Devereux ◽  
C A Michas ◽  
S Rice
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Endotoxic Shock ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Control Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Blood Pressures

Abstract Mongrel dogs were treated intravenously with either 1000 units of beef-lung heparin per kilogram of body weight or with isotonic saline, before intravenous administration of E. coli endotoxin. We found significant differences in circulating norepinephrine concentrations between a heparin-pretreatment group (1.89 +/- 0.39 microgram/liter) and the control group (9.83 +/- 4.64 microgram/liter), but none with respect to epinephrine. Systolic blood pressures at 360 min were also significantly (P less than 0.05) different, 148 +/- 6 mmHg as compared with 118 +/- 13.4 mmHg. Evidently heparin pretreatment can decrease circulating norepinephrine concentrations in the endotoxic state and changes in circulating catecholamine concentrations can affect physiological variables.

Worksite weight management program

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Pei Kong ◽  
Linda Jok ◽  
Azlee Bin Ayub ◽  
Rawa Ak Bau
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Worksite Intervention

Purpose This study aims to pilot test a new multi-component worksite intervention for weight loss in a primary healthcare setting. Design/methodology/approach This randomized trial involved 88 participants (43, 45; intervention, control group). The intervention group enrolled in a 12-week lifestyle program that involved modification of dietary intake by community Registered Dietitian (RDs) and increasing high-intensity interval training (HITT) with motivational interviewing (MI) to support changes. The control group received traditional counselling and weekly aerobic exercise from Medical Officer and physiotherapist. The primary outcome measure was the changes in body weight. Secondary measures were changes in blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, fasting blood lipid and dietary changes. Assessments were repeated at a three-month interval. Findings There was a significant reduction in body weight and waist circumference within groups. Intervention group demonstrated a significant improvement in all cardiometabolic risk factors. This study showed that primary healthcare setting can be successful locations in promoting short-term health benefits. RDs were more successful and HITT appeared to be a favorable workout with MI in achieving drastic weight loss. Research limitations/implications The short-term worksite intervention and not recording of body composition were the major drawbacks in this study. Originality/value The efficacy of multi-component worksite intervention (Diet–HITT–MI) in primary healthcare setting has not been clearly defined.

Long- and short-term effects on intake of pelleting a roughage for sheep

1974 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. D. Greenhalgh ◽  
G. W. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Short Term ◽  
05 C ◽  
Digestive Organs ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Chopped Grass

SUMMARY1. Four groups of eight castrated male lambs, weighing initially about 37 kg, were fed ad libitum for 18 weeks on: C, chopped dried grass throughout; P, pelleted grass throughout; C/P (or P/C), the two forms alternated every 3 weeks; or C + P, both forms on offer.2. Daily dry-matter intake (g/kg W0·75) was 58·2 for treatment C and 814 for treatment P; thus the long-term difference in intake was 40%. However, in the alternated sheep, dry-matter intake was 53·6 g/kg W0·75 for chopped grass and 86·5 g for pelleted; this short-term difference (61%) was significantly greater than the long-term difference. Dry-matter intake for treatment C+P was 84·9 g/kg W0·75; after the first week, chopped grass comprised only 10% of this. Dry-matter digestibility coefficients (%) were: C, 740; P, 61·4 and C+P, 62·0.3. The sheep were killed in week 19 and the dimensions of digestive organs and their contents were adjusted to an animal of 50 kg empty body weight. The weight of the reticulo-rumen was greater for C (1·30 kg) than for P (0·94) or C+ P (1·05), C/P and P/C being inter-mediate (1·15). The water-filled volume of the rumen was proportional to weight, except that C/P (alternated sheep finishing on pelleted grass) had low volumes. Reticulo-rumen fill was greater for C (7·28 kg) than for P (3·97) or C+ P (4·53), P/C (5·90) and C/P (4·34) being intermediate. There were no other significant differences in organs or contents.4. Gains in empty-body weight (g/day) were: C, 112; P, 181; C/P and P/C, 126; C + P, 195.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary resveratrol on cell-mediated immunity and hepatocyte morphometry in the model organism medaka (Oryzias latipes Temminck & Schlegel)

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Agata Kowalska ◽  
Joanna Małaczewska
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Oryzias Latipes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Killing Activity ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Lipid Vacuoles ◽  
Dietary Treatments

AbstractThe effect of dietary resveratrol (40 µg g−1 BW day−1) on cell-mediated immunity (the activity of spleen phagocytes and the proliferative response of lymphocytes) and liver histology (hepatocyte morphometry, lipid vacuoles, and glycogen granules) in adult medaka (Oryzias latipes) (aged two years, body weight BW = 0.49 g) were tested after ten days of feeding with experimental diets. The fish were fed either a commercial diet (control group C) or this same diet supplemented with resveratrol (group R) three times daily at 3% of body weight (BW). Fish fed feed with resveratrol had significantly higher intracellular phagocyte killing activity than did those in the control group (P < 0.05). No differences in the sizes of hepatocytes or their nuclei were observed in the fish from groups C and R. The nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio ranged from 0.39 (± 0.03; group R) to 0.42 (± 0.03, group C) in adult medaka exposed to the two dietary treatments (P > 0.05). The results indicated that the diet supplemented with resveratrol at a dose of 40 µg g−1 BW day−1 had no impact on the liver tissues. Typical hepatocytes with lipids and glycogen were observed to the same extent in the vacuoles. Moreover, no mortality or pathological changes were noted in the fish studied. The diet containing resveratrol helped to maintain disease resistance without affecting the liver tissue after ten days of feeding.

scholarly journals Post-castration variations in weight gain in a cohort of young adult male cats

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfreda Wei ◽  
Andrea J. Fascetti ◽  
Kyoungmi Kim ◽  
Jon J. Ramsey
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Control Food ◽  
Ad Libitum

AbstractThe predisposition of cats to gain weight following neutering is well established; however, there is little information about the distribution and range of post-neutering weight gains observed in cats under a controlled environment. This retrospective study investigated 6-month post-castration weight gain and distribution of percentage body weight (BW) change in a cohort of twenty, male domestic shorthair cats relative to a control group of intact cats. Cats were matched in age (2·0–2·6 years), husbandry conditions and consumed ad libitum the same dry maintenance diet for at least 3 months prior to and 6 months following castration. All cats were castrated within 48 h of each other. All cats gained weight after castration. Mean BW was 4·67 (sd 0·70) kg at the start of the study and 5·93 (sd 1·38) kg at the end of the study, with individual weight gain ranging 3–53 % at 6 months post-neutering. The pre-conception BW of the queens of each cat was compared with the pre- and post-neutering BW of their offspring. The pre-conception BW of the queens was significantly correlated with the offspring's initial BW (ρ = 0·65, P = 0·01), final BW (ρ = 0·67, P = 0·01) and percentage BW change (ρ = 0·54, P = 0·04). A wide range of post-castration weight gains was observed among cats of similar backgrounds and housing conditions. Implementation of effective methods to control food consumption pre-conception and post-neutering may be a strategy for preventing obesity and obesity-related disorders in cats.

The Effects of Food Deprivation of Rats On Swimming To Exhaustion

Behaviour ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 351-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward T. Uyeno ◽  
R. Alan Graham
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dorsal Skin ◽  
The Third ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Fourth Experiment ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

AbstractMale Wistar rats were deprived of food for 3 days and then forced to swim continuously to a criterion of exhaustion. Controls swam after ad libitum feeding. In the first experiment a load equal to 11% of the rat's body weight was attached to the dorsal skin near the tail during the swim. In a second study, two matched groups, treated identically as those in the first study swam without a load in water treated with a wetting agent, "Aerosol O.T." In a third experiment, controls as well as experimentals were deprived of food for three days. The control group, however, was fed for 30 minutes, immediately before the swim. A fourth experiment was conducted in a similar manner as the third, except both groups were deprived 6 hours. In each of the experiments the deprived groups swam significantly longer than the fed groups.

EFFECT OF TWO ACIDS AND FORMALIN IN CALVES MILK ON FEED CONSUMPTION AND PERFORMANCE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1129-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. BUSH ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Performance

Calves fed ad libitum whole milk plus formic acid, propionic acid or formalin consumed less than calves fed untreated milk and grew comparably slower. At weaning the control group was consuming up to 25% of their body weight in milk daily without significant scouring. Key words: Acidification, milk, calves

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