scholarly journals Comparison of isthmus detection methods in the apical third of mesial roots of maxillary and mandibular first molars: macroscopic observation versus operating microscope

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 428-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos G. Kontakiotis ◽  
Fotios D. Palamidakis ◽  
Eleftherios-Terry R. Farmakis ◽  
Giorgos N. Tzanetakis
Keyword(s):  
Detection Methods ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Operating Microscope ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Macroscopic Observation ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Root Types

The aims of this study were to assess the presence and the frequency of isthmuses in the mesial roots of the maxillary and mandibular first molars (at two resection levels from the apex), and to compare the findings obtained by macroscopic observation (MO) and operating microscope (OM). Forty maxillary and 40 mandibular mesial roots were observed at 3 and 5 mm from the apex initially macroscopically and then with the use of an OM. The presence of an isthmus and the number of root canals detected were recorded. Data were analyzed statistically by Fisher's exact test for isthmus evaluation and Wilcoxon signed rank-test for number of root canals at a confidence interval of 95%. Comparison between MO and OM regarding the number of roots with isthmuses provided the following results: Mandibular group: At 3 mm level: MO 19 ?s. OM 27; at 5 mm level: MO 31 ?s. OM 32. Maxillary group: At 3 mm level: MO 9 ?s. OM 14; at 5 mm level: MO 19 ?s. OM 21. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found concerning the accuracy of the isthmus detection methods at both resection levels (3 and 5 mm) and both types of roots, as well as for the number of the canals inspected under the OM between the two resection levels of the mesial roots of the maxillary first molars. Under the tested conditions, OM increased the diagnostic accuracy of isthmus detection at both resection levels and root types.

scholarly journals Foundations of cumulative culture in apes: improved foraging efficiency through relinquishing and combining witnessed behaviors in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J Davis ◽  
Gillian L Vale ◽  
Steven J Schapiro ◽  
Susan P Lambeth ◽  
Andrew Whiten
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cumulative Culture ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Average Group ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Foraging Method

Evidence for culture in non-human species continues to grow, yet there are few candidate examples of cumulative culture outside of humans’ distinctively complex achievements. Prerequisites for cumulative culture include not only the ability to build on established behaviors but also to relinquish old ones and flexibly switch to more productive or efficient alternatives. Here, we established an inefficient solution to a foraging task in five groups of captive adult chimpanzees (N=19 - 4 male, 15 female; average group size of 8 individuals) living at the Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research. Three groups were subsequently seeded with a conspecific model who demonstrated an alternative, more efficient, solution to the same task. When participants could still successfully forage with their previously established behaviors, the majority of individuals did not switch to this more efficient solution; however, when their foraging method eventually became highly inefficient relative to that of the available alternative, nine chimpanzees with socially-acquired information (four of whom were exposed to additional human demonstrations) relinquished their old behaviors in favor of the more efficient one. In contrast, only one individual in a control group that did not witness a knowledgeable model was seen to do this (One-tailed Fisher’s exact test, p<.01). Individuals who switched were later able to combine behavioral components of these two techniques to produce a more efficient solution than their extensively used original extractive method (One-tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank test: Z = -2.410, N = 10, p < .01, r = -0.54). This suggests that the ability to combine independent behaviors to produce a superior compound technique, thought to be a major driving force of cultural evolution in hominin history, may have been inherited from an ancient ancestor shared with chimpanzees.

scholarly journals Foundations of cumulative culture in apes: improved foraging efficiency through relinquishing and combining witnessed behaviors in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J Davis ◽  
Gillian L Vale ◽  
Steven J Schapiro ◽  
Susan P Lambeth ◽  
Andrew Whiten
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Solution ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cumulative Culture ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Average Group ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Foraging Method

Evidence for culture in non-human species continues to grow, yet there are few candidate examples of cumulative culture outside of humans’ distinctively complex achievements. Prerequisites for cumulative culture include not only the ability to build on established behaviors but also to relinquish old ones and flexibly switch to more productive or efficient alternatives. Here, we established an inefficient solution to a foraging task in five groups of captive adult chimpanzees (N=19 - 4 male, 15 female; average group size of 8 individuals) living at the Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research. Three groups were subsequently seeded with a conspecific model who demonstrated an alternative, more efficient, solution to the same task. When participants could still successfully forage with their previously established behaviors, the majority of individuals did not switch to this more efficient solution; however, when their foraging method eventually became highly inefficient relative to that of the available alternative, nine chimpanzees with socially-acquired information (four of whom were exposed to additional human demonstrations) relinquished their old behaviors in favor of the more efficient one. In contrast, only one individual in a control group that did not witness a knowledgeable model was seen to do this (One-tailed Fisher’s exact test, p<.01). Individuals who switched were later able to combine behavioral components of these two techniques to produce a more efficient solution than their extensively used original extractive method (One-tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank test: Z = -2.410, N = 10, p < .01, r = -0.54). This suggests that the ability to combine independent behaviors to produce a superior compound technique, thought to be a major driving force of cultural evolution in hominin history, may have been inherited from an ancient ancestor shared with chimpanzees.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN AROMATERAPI LAVENDER (Lavandula Angustifolia) TERHADAP PENURUNAN TEKANAN DARAH PASIEN HIPERTENSI DI IRINA F RSUP. Prof. Dr. R.D. KANDOU MANADO

e-NERS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Adhistya ◽  
Mona Wowor ◽  
Rivelino S. Hamel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Recorded Data

Abstract: Hypertension is linearly related to the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease. Aromatherapy is one method of relaxation techniques in the nonpharmacologic management of hypertension. Various types of plants can be used for aromatherapy, one of them is lavender. Lavender as an aromatheraphy  giving relaxation and sedation effects. Objective this research was conducted to determine the influence of lavender aromatherapy to decrease blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Methods this study used pre-experimental with one pre-posttest design. The selected 20 respondents used purposive sampling technique. First of all, respondents’ blood presure was measured by Riester Nova Presameter@ mercury sphygmomanometer and stethoscopes and then recorded. Five drops of lavender oil was given on cotton, and then respondents were asked to inhale it for 10 minutes. After that, their blood pressure was measured again and recorded. Data analysis used wilcoxon signed rank test (α=0,05). Result the average decrease in systolic blood pressure after inhaling lavender aromatherapy is 19.75 mmHg and the average diastolic blood pressure is 9.75 mmHg. Conclusion lavender aromatheraphy decreased blood pressure of hypertension patients. Keywords: aromatherapy, blood pressure,  hypertension, lavender.   Abstrak: Hipertensi berhubungan secara linear dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas penyakit kardiovaskular. Aromaterapi merupakan salah satu metode teknik relaksasi dalam penatalaksanaan hipertensi secara nonfarmakologis. Berbagai jenis tumbuhan dapat digunakan untuk aromaterapi, salah satunya adalah lavender. Lavender sebagai aromaterapi memberikan efek relaksasi dan sedasi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh aromaterapi lavender terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pasien hipertensi. Metode penelitian menggunakan jenis pre-eksperimental dengan one group pre-posttest design. Responden berjumlah 20 orang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Mula-mula, tekanan darah responden diukur dengan sphygnomanometer air raksa Riester Nova Presameter@ dan stetoskop lalu dicatat. 5 tetes minyak lavender diberikan pada kapas, kemudian responden diminta menghirupnya selama 10 menit, lalu tekanan darah diukur kembali dan dicatat. Analisa data menggunakan uji Wilcoxon signed rank test (α=0,05). Hasil Rata-rata penurunan tekanan darah sistolik setelah menghirup aromaterapi lavender sebesar 19,75mmHg dan rata-rata penurunan tekanan darah diastolik sebesar 9,75mmHg. Simpulan aromaterapi lavender menurunkan tekanan darah pasien hipertensi. Kata kunci: aromaterapi, tekanan darah, hipertensi, lavender.

PENGARUH TIRAH BARING TERHADAP PENURUNAN RASA MUAL PADA KLIEN GASTRITIS DI PELAYANAN KESEHATAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Dewi Nurhanifah ◽  
Desy Noor Latifah Sari ◽  
Rahmawati Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Rank Test ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Salah satu masalah kesehatan yang sering dialami adalah penyakit gastritis. Gejala yang sering dikeluhkan oleh penderita gastritis adalah mual. Salah satu penatalaksanaan keperawatan yang dapat mengurangi rasa mual adalah tirah baring. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tirah baring terhadap penurunan rasa mual pada klien gastritis di Pelayanan Kesehatan. Metode penelitian menggunakan eksperimental dengan bentuk penelitian one group pretest-posttest design. Populasi dan sampel adalah klien yang mengalami mual di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas  yang berjumlah 15 orang. Sampel diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Alat pengumpul data menggunakan observasi. Analisa data melalui uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Hasil penelitian menujukkan klien gastritis sebelum tirah baring mengalami mual ringan sebanyak 7 orang (46,7%), sesudah tirah baring mengalami tidak mual sebanyak 7 orang (46,7%). Ada pengaruh tirah baring terhadap penurunan rasa mual pada klien gastritis di Pelayanan Kesehatan (ρ value = 0,001).

Efektifitas Kompres Jahe Merah Hangat Dan Kompres Serai Terhadap Penurunan Intensitas Nyeri Arthritis Remathoid Pada Lanjut Usia Di Desa Mojoranu Kecamatan Dander Kabupaten Bojonegoro

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferawato Ferawati
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Red Ginger

ABSTRAKReumatoid Artritis (RA) merupakan penyakit muscoloskelektal yang sering terjadi pada usia lanjut. Gangguan pada system muscoloskelektal yang ditandai dengan munculnya nyeri sendi dan kekakuan yang mengakibatkan penurunan kemampuan fisiologis atau kualitas hidup lansia. Dampak dari Reumatoid Artritis dapat menimbulkan beberapa keluhan dan dapat menyebabkan kelumpuhan. Untuk menganalisis efektifitas kompres jahe merah hangat dan kompres serai hangat terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri artitris remauthoid pada lanjut usia.Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian adalah quasy experimental dengan two group pre – post test design. Subjek adalah sebagian lansia yang penderita Arthritis Remathoid di Desa Sumberagung Kecamatan Dander Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Subjek dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok I (n=15) diberi perlakuan kompres jahe hangat dan II (n=15) diberi perlakuan kompres serai hangat. Analisis yang digunakan uji Mann Whitney U Test dan Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test dengan ingkat kemaknaan α = 0,05.Hasil uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, didapat keduanya mempunyai nilai kemaknaan yaitu ρ value = 0,000. Nilai ρ = 0,031 pada kelompok kompres serai hangat dan kelompok kompres jahe merah ρ value = 0,165. Hasil uji Mann Withney U Test pada Post perlakuan kedua terapi diperoleh selisih nilai nyeri pada kompres jahe ρ= 0,003 dan selisih nilai nyeri kompres serai ρ value = 0,001.Penggunaan kompres jahe merah lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan kompres serai terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri arthritis remathoid. Kata Kunci: usia lanjut, Reumatoid Artritis (RA), jahe merah, serai, perbedaan efektifitas.    ABSTRACTReumatoid Artritis (RA) is a musculoskeletal which frequently occurs in the elderly. The disorders in the musculoskeletal system are noted by the occurrence of pain in the joints and stiffness which reduces the physiological abilities or life quality of the elderly. The disease causes many such complaints and  consequences of the disease rheumatoid arthritis may experience paralysis. The aims of this study is to analyze the effect of warm red ginger compress therapy and warm lemongrass compress therapy against of  Decreased pain intensity in  the elderly  with  artitris remauthoid. The study was Queasy experimental with two group pre – post test design. Subjects were some elderly people with Arthritis Remathoid in Sumberagung Village, Dander Sub District, Bojonegoro District. Subjects were divided into two groups: group I (n-15) with warm ginger compress therapy, and II (n=15) with warm lemongrass compress therapy. The analyses used in this study were the Mann Whitney U Test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test with α of 0.05. Results of Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test obtained Both have meaning p value of  0.000. ρ value = 0,031 in a warm lemongrass compress therapy group and obtained of warm ginger compress therapy group ρ value = 0,165. The results of Mann Withney U Test on Post treatment second therapy, obtained difference of warm ginger compress therapy with ρ value= 0,003 and difference of warm lemongrass compress therapy with ρ value = 0,001.The use of warm ginger compresses therapy are more effective than a warm lemongrass compress therapy against decreased pain intensity in  the elderly  with  artitris remauthoid.  Keywords: elderly, artitris remauthoid, red ginger, lemongrass, differences in effectiveness

The Degree of Subjective Complaints of Students Practice in Mechanical Technology Laboratories

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
I Ketut Widana
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Students ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Paired T Test

The working practice of the engineering students is part of the learning process that is irreducible and indispensable. The composition of  lecturing between theoretical and practical one is 40% to 60%. With this condition, the students spend more time at the laboratory. Generally, the students perform in the laboratory work by standing position. The design of research is observational cross-sectional. The method applied is observation, interview and measuring. The subjects of research are practicing students amounting to 21 students. Referring to the analysis of statistical test or Wilcoxon signed ranks test, the difference of effect of work position is significant, namely p < 0.05 towards musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) before and after working. The quantity of the average complaint after working is score 44.62 ± 9.47. The result of Wilcoxon signed rank test shows that there is significant different effects of standing work position, namely p < 0.05 towards fatigue generally before and after working. The degree of the working pulse is on the average of 110.78  ± 17.80 bpm (beats per minutes) which can be categorized into the medium workload. Using paired t-test, the result is p < 0.05.

PENGARUH PEMBACAAN DZIKIR PADA IBU MELAHIRKAN TERHADAP TINGKAT NYERI INTRA NATAL DI RUMAH BERSALIN FAJAR YOGYAKARTA

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Sumaryani ◽  
Indri Nurasa
Keyword(s):  
Home Delivery ◽  
Labor Pain ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pain Level ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Signed Rank Test

PENGARUH PEMBACAAN DZIKIR PADA IBU MELAHIRKAN TERHADAP TINGKAT NYERI INTRA NATAL DI RUMAH BERSALIN FAJAR YOGYAKARTAEffect of Reading Dhikr Women On The Level Of Birth Pain Intra Christmas At Home Delivery Dawn YogyakartaSri Sumaryani1 & Indri Nurasa21, 2)Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah YogyakartaJl. Lingkar Barat Taman Tirto Kasihan Bantul Yogyakarta 55182*)e-mail: [email protected] atau yang biasa disebut dengan proses persalinan merupakan suatu proses membuka dan menipisnya serviks, dan janin turun ke dalam jalan lahir. Gejala awal persalinan akan menimbulkan nyeri yang sangat hebat karena adanya kontraksi uterus dan otot abdomen. Nyeri intra natal adalah suatu nyeri yang dirasakan saat terjadinya proses persalinan (melahirkan). Saat nyeri persalinan muncul, ada baiknya bagi ibu untuk membaca dzikir. Dzikir adalah mengingat Allah SWT dan menghadirkan apa yang tadinya ada di dalam benak untuk kemudian dilafadzkan atau disebut-sebut yang dapat dilakukan secara lisan dengan menggunakan lidah atau bisa juga diucapkan tanpa adanya keterlibatan lidah, yaitu melalui hati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembacaan dzikir pada ibu melahirkan terhadap tingkat nyeri intra natal. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Desain penelitian pra eksperimen, dengan rancangan pre test-post test tanpa kelompok kontrol. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 30 responden. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi langsung kepada responden untuk mengukur tingkat nyeri. Analisa data menggunakan uji statistik wilcoxon signed rank test dan regresi linier dengan menggunakan SPSS 14. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil uji statistik untuk nilai pre test dan post test tingkat nyeri diperoleh nilai signifikansi 0,02 dengan p < 0,05.Kata kunci: pembacaan dzikir, melahirkan, nyeri intra natal, tingkat nyeriABSTRACTThe delivery or usually called labor process is a process open and thin the cervix, and descent of the fetus into the way of birth. The early symptom of delivery will be appearing very heavy because there are uterus contraction and abdomen muscle. In partum pain is a pain which feel when delivery process happening (labor). When labor pain appears, there is a good for the mother to read dzikir. Dzikir is remembering Allah SWT and make present what before in the mind and then pronounced or make cal can do spoken by tongue or pronounced without there are involving tongue, by heart. The purpose of this research is to know about the influence of reading dzikir to the delivery mother toward in partum level of pain. Technique sampling used purpose sampling. The research of design pre experiment, with pre test-post test without control group design. The sample in this research’s total is 30 respondents. The manner of data was did by direct observation to the respondents to measure pain level. Data analysis used statistic test wilcoxon signed rank test and regression linier in SPSS 14. The results of research showed that results of the statistic pretest and posttest of pain level show significance value 0,02 with p < 0,05.Keywords: reading dzikir, delivery, in partum pain, pain level

scholarly journals Evaluation of Intraocular Pressure and Other Biomechanical Parameters to Distinguish between Subclinical Keratoconus and Healthy Corneas

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1905
Author(s):  
Cristina Peris-Martínez ◽  
María Amparo Díez-Ajenjo ◽  
María Carmen García-Domene ◽  
María Dolores Pinazo-Durán ◽  
María José Luque-Cobija ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Function Theory ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Maximum Deformation ◽  
Corrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Biomechanical Measurements ◽  
Noncontact Tonometry

(1) Purpose: To assess the main corneal response differences between normal and subclinical keratoconus (SCKC) with a Corvis® ST device. (2) Material and Methods: We selected 183 eyes of normal patients, of a mean age of 33 ± 9 years and 16 eyes of patients with SCKC of a similar mean age. We measured best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and corneal topography with a Pentacam HD device to select the SCKC group. Biomechanical measurements were performed using the Corvis® ST device. We carried out a non-parametric analysis of the data with SPSS software (Wilcoxon signed rank-test). (3) Results: We found statistically significant differences between the control and SCKC groups in some corneal biomechanical parameters: first and second applanation time (p = 0.05 and p = 0.02), maximum deformation amplitude (p = 0.016), highest concavity radius (p = 0.007), and second applanation length and corneal velocity ((p = 0.039 and p = 0.016). (4) Conclusions: Our results show that the use of normalised biomechanical parameters provided by noncontact tonometry, combined with a discriminant function theory, is a useful tool for detecting subclinical keratoconus.

scholarly journals Promotion of Elementary School Students’ Health Literacy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9560
Author(s):  
Elke Knisel ◽  
Helge Rupprich ◽  
Annika Wunram ◽  
Markus Bremer ◽  
Christiane Desaive
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
School Students ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Health literacy is an important outcome of the discussion of school-related health education and health promotion in the 21st century. Although the improvement of health literacy at an early age is increasingly recognized and few interventions show the development of children´s health literacy, still there is little research in this area. The purpose of the study was to examine the enhancement of health literacy among children in a physical activity-based program at elementary school. In total, 137 students aged 6–12 years participated in the program, which included health knowledge transfer in child-appropriate games and exercises. Participants´ health literacy was assessed using the HLS-Child-Q15-DE at the beginning and the end of the program. The instrument measures the access, understanding, appraisal and application of health-related information on a four-point Likert-type scale. As expected, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed significant increases in self-reported health literacy over time. The results show that the degree of change in health literacy was not associated with gender or age. The results suggest that the physical activity-based program has the potential to improve elementary school children´s health literacy, even though in a single group pilot study.

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