scholarly journals Occurrence of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in dogs with diarrhea

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1682-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleber Jacob Silva de Paula ◽  
José Moacir Marin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Toxin Genes ◽  
Shiga Toxin Genes

Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) and Attaching and effacing E. coli (AEEC) have been associated with diarrhea illness in dogs. From January to December 2006, 92 E. coli isolates from 25 diarrheic dogs were analyzed, by screening for the presence of Shiga toxin-producing (stx 1 and stx 2) and intimin (eae) genes. Twelve isolates were detected by PCR to harbor the Shiga toxin genes (7 the stx 1 (7.6%); 5 the stx 2 (5.4%); and none both of them). Nine (9.8%) of the E. coli isolates studied were eae positive non Shiga toxin-producing. Thirteen (62.0%) isolates, carrying stx or eae gene, also showed a hemolysin production. The strains with virulence genes were also examined for resistance to 12 antimicrobial agents. Resistances to cephalothin (85.7%), streptomycin (81.0%), amoxicillin (71.4%) and gentamicin (71.4%) were predominantly observed.

Presence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli in Ready-to-Eat Foods in Shaanxi, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allah Bux Baloch ◽  
Hua Yang ◽  
Yuqing Feng ◽  
Meili Xi ◽  
Qian Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Future Research ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Toxin Genes ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Shiga Toxin Genes ◽  
Cooked Meat

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the presence and characteristics of Escherichia coli in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods. A total of 300 RTE foods samples were collected in Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China: 50 samples of cooked meat, 165 samples of vegetable salad, 50 samples of cold noodles, and 35 samples of salted boiled peanuts. All samples were collected during summer (in July to October) 2011 and 2012 and surveyed for the presence of E. coli. E. coli isolates recovered were classified by phylogenetic typing using a PCR assay. The presence of Shiga toxin genes 1 (stx1) and 2 (stx2) was determined for these E. coli isolates by PCR, and all isolates were analyzed for antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of class 1 integrons. Overall, 267 (89.0%) RTE food samples were positive for E. coli: 49 cold noodle, 46 cooked meat, 150 salad vegetable, and 22 salted boiled peanut samples. Of the 267 E. coli isolates, 73.0% belong to phylogenetic group A, 12.4% to group B1, 6.4% to group B2, and 8.2% to group D. All isolates were negative for both Shiga toxin genes. Among the isolates, 74.2% were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent, and 17.6% were resistant to three or more antimicrobial agents. Resistance to ampicillin (75.6% of isolates) and tetracycline (73.1% of isolates) was most frequently detected; 26.2% of E. coli isolates and 68.8% of multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates were positive for class 1 integrons. All isolates were sensitive to amikacin. Our findings indicate that RTE foods in Shaanxi were commonly contaminated with antibiotic-resistant E. coli, which may pose a risk for consumer health and for transmission of antibiotic resistance. Future research is warranted to track the contamination sources and develop appropriate steps that should be taken by government, industry, and retailers to reduce microbial contamination in RTE foods.

Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Retail Ground Beef in Seattle: Results of a One-Year Prospective Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILLIP I. TARR ◽  
NHIEM THANH TRAN ◽  
RICHARD A. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Toxin Genes ◽  
One Year ◽  
Shiga Toxin Genes

Escherichia coli O157:H7 was sought systematically in 1,400 samples of retail ground beef in Seattle in a 1-year prospective study. Sorbitol-nonfermenting, lactose-fermenting, indole-positive colonies isolated after enrichment culture were probed for the presence of Shiga toxin genes. Totals of 67,040 sorbitol-nonfermenting and 66,705 sorbitol-fermenting colonies were characterized, but E. coli O157:H7 was not identified. The sensitivity of this technique was usually sufficient to detect E. coli O157:H7 at a concentration below 1 CFU/g of meat. These data demonstrate that retail ground beef in Seattle is neither frequently nor heavily contaminated with E. coli O157:H7.

Characteristics of Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli O157 in Slaughtered Reindeer from Northern Finland

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Zweifel ◽  
Lisa Fierz ◽  
Nicole Cernela ◽  
Sauli Laaksonen ◽  
Maria Fredriksson-Ahomaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Sequence Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Indirect Transmission ◽  
Toxin Genes ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
Shiga Toxin Genes ◽  
Subtilase Cytotoxin

ABSTRACT Fecal samples collected from 470 slaughtered reindeer 6 to 7 months of age were screened by real-time PCR (after enrichment) for Shiga toxin genes (stx) and then for Escherichia coli serogroup O157. Shiga toxin genes were found frequently (>30% of samples), and serogroup O157 was detected in 20% of the stx-positive samples. From these samples, a total of 25 E. coli O157:H− isolates (nonmotile but PCR positive for fliCH7) were obtained. Twenty-four of these E. coli O157:H− isolates did not ferment sorbitol and originated from one geographic area. These 24 isolates belonged to the multilocus sequence type 11, typical for Shiga toxin–producing E. coli (STEC) O157:H7 and O157:H−, and harbored genes stx1a, stx2c, eae, and hlyA; the stx2c subtype has been associated with high virulence. In contrast, one E. coli O157:H− isolate (multilocus sequence type 11) did ferment sorbitol, lacked Shiga toxin genes, but was positive for eae, hlyA, and sfpA. This isolate closely resembled an STEC that has lost its Shiga toxin genes. Additional examination revealed that reindeer can be colonized by various other STEC isolates; 21 non-O157 STEC isolates belonged to four multilocus sequence types, harbored stx1a (8 isolates) or stx2b (13 isolates), and in the stx2b-positive isolates the recently described new allelic variants (subAB2-2 and subAB2-3) for subtilase cytotoxin were identified. Hence, slaughtered semidomesticated Finnish reindeer might constitute a little known reservoir for STEC O157:H7/H− and other serogroups, and the risk of direct or indirect transmission of these pathogens from reindeer to humans and domestic livestock must not be overlooked.

scholarly journals Analysis of Escherichia coli isolated from bovine mastitic milk

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Rangel ◽  
José Moacir Marin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Toxin Genes ◽  
Mastitic Milk ◽  
Shiga Toxin Genes

Mastitis has been recognized for some time as the most costly disease in dairy herds. From February to November 2004, 670 samples of bovine mastitic milk from which 231 Escherichia coli strains were isolated, were collected from two Brazilian states. The strains were screened for the presence of Shiga toxin-producing (stx 1 and stx 2) and intimin (eae) genes. Twenty (8.6%) strains were detected by PCR to harbor the Shiga toxin genes (8 the stx 1 gene, 12 the stx 2 gene and none both of them). Two (0.8%) of the Escherichia coli strains studied were eae positive non Shiga toxin-producing. The strains were also examined for resistance to 12 antimicrobial agents. The predominantly observed resistance was to tetracycline (92.2%), streptomycin (90.4%), nalidixic acid (88.3%), amikacin (86.5%) and cephalothin (84.8%). Multidrug resistance was found among 152 isolates (65.8%).

scholarly journals Shiga Toxins, and the Genes Encoding Them, in Fecal Samples from Native Idaho Ungulates

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 862-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy J. Gilbreath ◽  
Malcolm S. Shields ◽  
Rebekah L. Smith ◽  
Larry D. Farrell ◽  
Peter P. Sheridan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Wild Ungulates ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Shiga Toxins ◽  
Toxin Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Shiga Toxin Genes

ABSTRACT Cattle are a known reservoir of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. The prevalence and stability of Shiga toxin and/or Shiga toxin genes among native wild ungulates in Idaho were investigated. The frequency of both Shiga genes and toxin was similar to that reported for Idaho cattle (∼19%).

scholarly journals Molecular characterisation of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrhoeic and healthy rabbits in Tunisia

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Raouia Ben Rhouma ◽  
Ahlem Jouini ◽  
Amira Klibi ◽  
Safa Hamrouni ◽  
Aziza Boubaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1

The purpose of this study was to identify <em>Escherichia coli</em> isolates in diarrhoeic and healthy rabbits in Tunisia and characterise their virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. In the 2014-2015 period, 60 faecal samples from diarrhoeic and healthy rabbits were collected from different breeding farms in Tunisia. Susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents was tested by disc diffusion method and the mechanisms of gene resistance were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction and sequencing methods. Forty <em>E. coli</em> isolates were recovered in selective media. High frequency of resistance to tetracycline (95%) was detected, followed by different levels of resistance to sulphonamide (72.5%), streptomycin (62.5%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (60%), nalidixic acid (32.5%), ampicillin (37.5%) and ticarcillin (35%). <em>E. coli</em> strains were susceptible to cefotaxime, ceftazidime and imipenem. Different variants of bla<sub>TEM</sub>, <em>tet</em>, <em>sul</em> genes were detected in most of the strains resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and sulphonamide, respectively. The presence of class 1 integron was studied in 29 sulphonamide-resistant <em>E. coli</em> strains from which 15 harboured class 1 integron with four different arrangements of gene cassettes, <em>dfrA17</em>+<em>aadA5</em> (n=9), <em>dfrA1</em> + <em>aadA1</em> (n=4), <em>dfrA12</em> + <em>addA2</em> (n=1), <em>dfrA12</em>+<em>orf</em>+<em>addA2</em> (n=1). The <em>qnrB</em> gene was detected in six strains out of 13 quinolone-resistant <em>E. coli</em> strains. Seventeen <em>E. coli</em> isolates from diarrhoeic rabbits harboured the enteropathogenic eae genes associated with different virulence genes tested (<em>fimA</em>, <em>cnf1</em>, <em>aer</em>), and affiliated to B2 (n=8) and D (n=9) phylogroups. Isolated <em>E. coli</em> strains from healthy rabbit were harbouring <em>fim A</em> and/or <em>cnf1</em> genes and affiliated to A and B1 phylogroups. This study showed that <em>E. coli</em> strains from the intestinal tract of rabbits are resistant to the widely prescribed antibiotics in medicine. Therefore, they constitute a reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant genes, which may play a significant role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance. In addition, the eae virulence gene seemed to be implicated in diarrhoea in breeder rabbits in Tunisia.

Prevalence of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157, O26 and O111 in milk, meat and faeces of cattle, sheep and pigs slaughtered in Benin

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 15667-15675
Author(s):  
Chakirath Folakè Arikè Salifou ◽  
Cyrille Boko ◽  
Isidore Houaga ◽  
Raoul Agossa ◽  
Isabelle Ogbankotan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin ◽  
Cattle Faeces ◽  
Risk Assessment And Management

Objectives: The study aimed to search for E. coli O157 and non-O157 in milk, meat and faeces of cattle, sheep and pigs slaughtered in Cotonou. Methodology and Results: One hundred and Seventy-Five (175) samples including 25 meat, 25 faeces per species and 25 milk from cattle were analysed for E. coli O157; O26 and O111 and the virulence genes were identified by PCR. The SAS software (1998) and the bilateral Z test were used to calculate and compare the identification frequencies. E. coli O157 was identified in 4% of cattle faeces, 4% of sheep faeces, and 20% of beef and, in 20% of milk samples. E. coli O26 was identified in 12% of cattle faeces and, in 8% of beef samples. E. coli O111 was identified at frequencies of 8%, and 12% in faeces of sheep and pigs, respectively. The eae gene was detected in 4% of beef, ovine meat, milk, pig faeces and in sheep faeces. stx1 was detected in 8% of milk, and in 4% of bovine and sheep faeces. The strains possessing the gene were all of E. coli O157 with the exception of one from pig faeces identified as O111. Conclusions and application of findings: The presence of these serogroups of E. coli with virulence genes poses a real food safety problem in Benin. This study findings must be taken into account for risk assessment and management related to the consumption of food of animal origin. Keywords: Benin, E. coli O157, O26, O111, faeces, meat, milk

scholarly journals Detection of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli isolates from raw milk and artisanal cheese in Southern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Parussolo ◽  
Ricardo Antônio Pilegi Sfaciotte ◽  
Karine Andrezza Dalmina ◽  
Fernanda Danielle Melo ◽  
Ubirajara Maciel Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
E Coli

The serrano artisanal cheese is a typical product from South region of Brazil, which is produced by skilled cheesemakers using raw milk. The contamination of this food by Escherichia coli has a great impact on public health, since it could threat the consumers’ health. The study evaluated the presence of virulence genes, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and bofilm-production ability of Escherichia coli isolates obtained from raw milk and artisanal cheese produced in Southern Brazil. A total of 117 isolates of E. coli were characterized by multiplex PCR to detect the following virulence genes: eae for enteropatogenic E. coli (EPEC), lt and st for enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), stx for shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), stx and eae for enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), ipaH for enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) and aggR for enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC). In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility profile to 22 antimicrobial agents was also performed by disk diffusion method, and we searched for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and/or carbapenemase- producing isolates. Isolates that were positive for ESBL and carbapenemase were further investigated for the presence of the genes: blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA, blaCTX-M, for ESBL and blaOXA-48 for carbapenemase. Further, isolates had their ability to form biofilms investigated by the red Congo agar method. Virulence genes of E. coli were identified in 21.37% of the tested isolates, which were classified as EPEC (the most prevalent pathotype) and ETEC or EAEC. Ten (8.55%) of the total studied E. coli isolates revealed a multidrug-resistant profile, since they were resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes; whereas four isolates (3.42%) were classified as ESBL-producers and showed the presence of blaTEM gene. None of the isolates exhibited carbapenemase activity nor did they carry carbapenemase genes. From the total of E. coli isolates, 79 (67.52%) were considered potential biofilm producers. These results address a serious public health issue, since artisanal cheeses pose a risk to consumers’ health, since may be sources of dissemination of diarrheogenic E. coli, that can cause from subclinical to severe and fatal infections in children and adults, and also emphasize the need to improve adaptations/adjustments in the manufacturing processes of these products.

scholarly journals Molecular analysis of Escherichia coli O157 strains isolated from cattle and pigs by the use of PCR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Osek ◽  
P. Gallien
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin Genes ◽  
Porcine Origin

Fourteen Escherichia coli O157 strains isolated from cattle and pigs in Poland and in Germany were investigated, using PCR, for the genetic markers associated with Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Only two strains, both of cattle origin, were positive for the fliC (H7) gene and could be classified as O157 : H7. Nine isolates had stx shiga toxin genes, either stx1 (1 strain), stx2 (4 isolates) or both (4 strains). The stx2-carrying samples were further subtyped by PCR for the stx2c, stx2d, and stx2e toxin variants. It was shown that all but one stx2-positive bacteria possessed the stx2c Shiga toxin gene type and one stx2 STEC isolate had the stx2d virulence factor sub-type. The eaeA (intimin) gene was found in 9 strains (8 isolates from cattle and one strain from pigs); all of them harboured the genetic marker characteristic of the gamma intimin variant. The translocated intimin receptor (tir) gene was detected in 7 isolates tested and among them only one tir-positive strain was recovered from pigs. The ehly E. coli enterohemolysin gene was amplified in all but one strains obtained from cattle and only in one isolate of porcine origin. The genetic relatedness of the analysed E. coli O157 strains was examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of chromosomal DNA digested with XbaI. Two distinct but related RFLP pattern clusters were observed: one with 9 strains (8 isolates of bovine origin and one strain obtained from pigs) and the other one comprises the remaining 5 E. coli isolates (4 of porcine origin and one strain recovered from cattle). The results suggest that pigs, besides cattle, may be a reservoir of E. coli O157 strains potentially pathogenic to humans. Moreover, epidemiologically unrelated isolates of the O157 serogroup, recovered from different animal species, showed a clonal relationship as demonstrated by the RFLP analysis.

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