scholarly journals Prediction of bovine milk true protein content by mid-infrared spectroscopy

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 1472-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Garcia Botaro ◽  
Cristina Simões Cortinhas ◽  
Lucinéia Mestieri ◽  
Paulo Fernando Machado ◽  
Marcos Veiga dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Protein Determination ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Kjeldahl Method ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
One Year ◽  
True Protein

The aim of this study was to estimate the concentration of milk true protein (TP) by mid-infrared absorbance method (MIR) in samples from bulk tank of dairy herds, and to determine the correlation between the results of TP of milk determined by Kjeldahl and MIR. Forty nine dairy herds were selected (17 Holstein, 6 Jersey and 26 Girolando) for monthly collections of samples from bulk tanks during the period of one year (284 samples). Fat, lactose, crude protein and total solids were firstly determined by MIR, and then analyzed for total and true protein by Kjeldahl method. The regression equation to estimate TP contents based on MIR crude protein determination was as follows: TP=0.0021+(1.0104xCP), where: TP is the content of true protein, CP is the crude protein content determined by the MIR method, and 0.0155 is the model error term.

scholarly journals Impact of crude protein content in silage and concentrate on protein and fatty acid profiles in bovine milk

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 304-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Johansson ◽  
O. Placha ◽  
J. Pickova ◽  
A. Andrén ◽  
G. Zamaratskaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Whey Proteins ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Protein Rich

Two concentrates, one protein-rich and one based on cereals, were combined with two silages with a crude protein content of 17 and 13% of dry matter (DM), respectively to give four different diets for dairy cows. Milk content of caseins (&alpha;<sub>S1</sub>-, &alpha;<sub>S2</sub>-, &beta;-, and &kappa;-casein) and whey proteins (&alpha;-lactalbumin (&alpha;-LA) and &beta;-lactoglobulin (&beta;-LG)) and the fatty acid profile of milk were analyzed before the start and on four occasions during the experiment. Milk analyses showed that diet had no influence on the protein profile of the milk. However, a significant increase of &alpha;-linolenic acid, 13 and 39%, was obtained on the high protein concentrate feed and on the silage higher in crude protein, respectively. Cows on the protein-rich concentrate diet increased the proportion of conjugated linoleic acid by 53%. Linoleic acid was not affected by the diet. &nbsp;

Genetic Background of Micellar and Soluble Calcium and Phosphorus Predicted From Bovine Milk Mid-infrared Spectra 

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Franzoi ◽  
Angela Costa ◽  
Mauro Penasa ◽  
Massimo De Marchi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Infrared Spectra ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Milk Coagulation

Abstract BackgroundMid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) is a valuable tool to determine milk composition and quality, and to collect data at population level. In milk, Ca and P are partitioned between micellar (MP) and soluble phase (SP), both with important effects on milk coagulation properties; in particular, greater mineral content in MP translates into better milk coagulation ability. Nevertheless, the high analytic costs of gold standard quantification methods hamper the possibility to deepen partition of minerals in MP and SP on a large scale. In this study, MP and SP of Ca and P were predicted from mid-infrared spectra of 111,653 individual milk samples from 9,519 Italian Holstein cows. Sources of non-genetic variation for MP and SP of Ca and P were investigated, and their genetic associations with milk yield, quality and coagulation properties were estimated.ResultsThe MP of Ca and P decreased with parity but increased along the lactation, resembling the trend of protein content. Both MP and SP of Ca and P showed exploitable genetic variation and were heritable, and they were associated with traits of interest for the dairy industry, in particular milk yield and protein content. Furthermore, negative correlations between the two phases of the same mineral were estimated. The MP was negatively related to milk yield.ConclusionsThe MP and SP of the same mineral are negatively correlated, meaning that it is possible to improve mineral partition toward MP, in order to get milk with better technological properties. The current selection index of Italian Holstein breed gives positive emphasis on milk protein (content and yield) and thus it is indirectly improving the MP of Ca and P while reducing their SP content. Future research will focus on the genomic architecture of such traits to evaluate the role of potential specific genes in the determination of these mineral fractions in cow milk.

scholarly journals Effect of the kappa-casein gene polymorphism, breed and seasonality on physicochemical characteristics, composition and stability of bovine milk

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 2447-2454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Garcia Botaro ◽  
Ygor Vinícius Real de Lima ◽  
Cristina Simões Cortinhas ◽  
Luís Felipe Prada e Silva ◽  
Francisco Palma Rennó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
True Protein

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of genetic polymorphism of kappa-casein, breed and seasonality on the physicochemical characteristics, composition and stability of milk in commercial dairy herds. A total of 879 milk and blood samples were collected from 603 Holstein and 276 Girolando cows, obtained during rainy and dry seasons. Milk samples were analyzed to determine the physicochemical characteristics, composition and ethanol stability, while blood samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction to identify the kappa-casein genotype. The frequencies of genotypes AA, AB and BB of k-casein were respectively, 66.83, 31.84 and 1.33% for Holstein, and 71.38, 27.90 and 0.72% for the Girolando cows, respectively. The A allele was more frequent than the B allele, both for Holstein (0.827 and 0.173) and Girolando cows (0.853 and 0.147), respectively. Cows of AB and BB genotypes showed a higher milk fat content compared to the AA genotype. There was an interaction between breed and seasonality on the concentration of milk urea with higher values for Holstein and Girolando cows in the rainy and dry season, respectively. The levels of lactose, total solids, crude protein, true protein, casein and the casein:true protein ratio were higher during the dry season, while during the rainy season, the somatic cell count and milk urea concentration were higher. There was no association between milk stability and k-casein genotypes, but Holstein cows showed higher milk stability than Girolando cows, and milk was more stable during the rainy season than during the dry season.

Effect of stage of lactation, stage of pregnancy, milk yield and herd management on seasonal variation in spontaneous lipolysis in bovine milk

1986 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Paule Chazal ◽  
Yves Chilliard
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
One Year

SummaryThe free fatty acid (FFA) levels after milking (initial FFA) and after 22 h storage at 4°C (FFA-22) were determined in milk from 57 cows every 2 weeks for one year. FFA levels which were higher in summer than in winter were explained by later stages of lactation occurring in summer. Initial FFA content increased regularly during lactation. FFA-22 content increased after 12 weeks, and further after 32 weeks of lactation. The first increase was due to stage of lactation. The second increase, which appeared in late lactation, was essentially due to the stage of pregnancy combined with the effect of milk yield. FFA-22 content increased in the second part of pregnancy, chiefly after 24 weeks. A low milk yield (≼ 5 kg) further increased lipolysis, but only after 16 weeks of pregnancy. The effect of stage of pregnancy may have been enhanced by management factors such as feeding conditions. In this investigation, the seasonal FFA variation in bulk tank milk could be explained entirely by physiological factors.

scholarly journals Effect of fecal matter co-digestion with kitchen waste on Hermetia illucens’s larval weight and protein content

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary M. Matheka ◽  
James M. Raude ◽  
Sylvia I. Murunga ◽  
Joy N. Riungu ◽  
Simon M. Wandera
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Larval Weight ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Kjeldahl Method ◽  
Fecal Waste

Abstract Sustainable treatment of fecal matter is a long-standing challenge in sanitation, particularly in developing countries. Although recent developments have seen the evolution of innovative onsite sanitation technologies, the treatment of fecal waste collected still remains a daunting task. This study evaluated the effect of formulated feedstock: fecal matter from urine-diverting dry toilets and kitchen waste (1:0, 1:1, 2:1, 4:1, and 0:1) on waste weight reduction, Hermetia illucens’s larval weight gain, and crude protein content during co-digestion. Samples were collected after every 2 days for larval weight determination and protein content analysis using the Kjeldahl method of nitrogen determination. The waste reduction index (WRI) was determined after 50% pupation. The larvae grew on all substrates yielding 32.97–38.6% dry matter (DM) protein content and larval weight ranging from 1.12 to 1.70 g per five larvae. Results indicate that a 1:1 co-digestion ratio resulted in a high WRI (3.61), DM crude protein content (38.6%), and larval weight (1.70 g per five larvae). This study used the circular economy-based approach which provides a win–win situation to sanitation provision and environmental management while realizing products with potential for livelihood improvement.

Chemical Changes During the Seasonal Cycle of Growth and Decay in Eelgrass (Zostera marina) on the Atlantic Coast of Canada

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Harrison ◽  
K. H. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Determination ◽  
Soluble Organic Fraction ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
True Protein

In a submerged bed of eelgrass, newly formed leaves in winter and spring had their maximum levels of total organic matter (90% of dry weight), soluble organic fraction (45%), carbon (42%), and nitrogen (4.8%). These components all decreased as the leaves matured, aged, and died. Soon after death, a leaf had only 70% total organic matter, 28% soluble organic matter, 30% carbon, and 1.5% nitrogen. Intact dead leaves showed little further change in chemical composition. The commonly used crude protein determination (6.25 × nitrogen content) overestimated true protein by up to 180%. The carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N) was an unreliable index of the nutritional value of the plant. Two growth forms were present, most probably in response to wave action and substrate composition. Daylength, not temperature, most probably controls the seasonal cycle of growth.

The effect of udder preparation before milking and contamination from the milking plant on bacterial numbers in bulk milk of eight dairy herds

1990 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles H. McKinnon ◽  
G. John Rowlands ◽  
A. John Bramley
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Milking Machine ◽  
One Year

SummaryThe effect of teat washing and drying on bacterial numbers in bulk milk was compared with that of no teat preparation in eight commercial herds over one year. Using in-line milk samplers, milk was collected at various points during its passage through the milking plant and the samples were used to establish the relative significance of the sources of contamination of raw milk. Teat washing and drying of cows housed during winter reduced the total counts by 40% and streptococcal and coliform counts by 50%. Bacterial counts were significantly lower in cows at pasture during the summer and there was no reduction in count due to teat washing and drying. Bacteriological counts increased at each stage as the milk passed through the milking machine. The milking equipment significantly increased the total colony count by between 2000 and 3000/ml, and the bulk tank added a further 1500 to 2000/ml. The mean rinse bacterial counts of the milking equipment were higher in summer than winter, averaging 4·4 x 107bacteria/m2compared with 3·5 x 107/m2respectively. Although this level of bacterial contamination of the equipment is high by current standards, very low bulk milk bacterial counts were nevertheless achieved, particularly in the summer. This confirms that organisms from this source are not a major contaminant of the bulk milk. There was a very poor correlation between rinse counts and the bulk milk bacterial count, but a strong correlation (0·98) between total and streptococcal counts of the bulk milk. The unreliability of the use of rinse techniques to assess the contribution of milking equipment to bacterial counts of raw milk is emphasized.

scholarly journals Pembuatan Konsentrat Protein Ampas Kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) Bebas Lemak pada Berbagai Konsentrasi NaOH

KOVALEN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-226
Author(s):  
Ulayya Kasio ◽  
Syaiful Bahri ◽  
Husain Sosidi ◽  
Khairuddin ◽  
Ni Ketut Sumarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Kjeldahl Method ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L

Coconut pulp contains up to 18.2% protein which is one of the wastes from coconut oil processing. Protein from coconut pulp can be used in the manufacture of protein concentrates which are widely used in the food industry. The purpose of this research is to determine the concentration of NaOH that can produce the yield and protein content of coconut pulp protein concentrate. Coconut pulp protein was extracted with NaOH at various concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 M, then continued with salting out using salt (NH4)2SO4 with a saturation of 65%. The crude protein content of coconut pulp protein concentrate was determined by the Kjeldahl method. The results showed that the use of 0.5 M NaOH resulted in the highest protein content of coconut pulp protein concentrate, which was 71.30% with a yield of 14.42%.

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