Growth of citrus rootstocks under aluminium stress in hydroponics

Plants present different degrees of adaptation to aluminium (Al) concentrations in the soil, and the understanding of this characteristic can lead to a viable option for the utilization of acid soils. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of five Al concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mumol L-1) on the growth of 'Rangpur' lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck) and 'Volkamer' lemon (Citrus volkameriana Hort. ex Tan.), and tangerine rootstocks 'Cleópatra' (Citrus reshni Hort. ex Tan) and 'Sunki' (Citrus sunki Hort. ex Tan.), in hydroponic culture. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design, with four replications. For all rootstocks, the relative growth rate in terms of plant total fresh matter increased under low and, decreased under large Al concentrations. Growth of the shoot, leaf area ratio and leaf weight ratio decreased for all rootstocks in the presence of Al. The 'Rangpur' lime had a decrease of the root system growth, starting from 23 mumol L-1 of Al. For the remaining rootstocks, this growth reached maximum values at 91 to 117 mumol L-1 of Al, respectively. Considering all the evaluated characteristics of plant growth, the 'Rangpur' lime was the most susceptible to Al.

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Screening of citrus scion-rootstock combinations for tolerance to water salinity during seedling formation

Acta Scientiarum Agronomy ◽

10.4025/actasciagron.v43i1.48163 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. e48163

Author(s):

Marcos Eric Barbosa Brito ◽

Pedro Dantas Fernandes ◽

Hans Raj Gheyi ◽

Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos Soares ◽

Walter dos Santos Soares Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Water Salinity ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Rangpur Lime ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Volkamer Lemon ◽

Acid Lime ◽

Tolerance To Salinity ◽

Swingle Citrumelo

Arid and semiarid regions are vulnerable to water deficits and salinity. Citrus plants are sensitive to saline stress and require the use of tolerant scion-rootstock combinations. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate and classify citrus scion-rootstock combinations with respect to their tolerance to salinity during seedling formation in a protected environment. An experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with a 5 x 12 x 2 factorial scheme corresponding to five levels of water salinity (0.8, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2, and 4.0 dS m-1) applied in 12 citrus rootstocks grafted with two scion varieties: ‘Tahiti’ acid lime and ‘Star Ruby’ grapefruit. The scion-rootstock combinations were evaluated for accumulated dry matter and survival index at 330 days after sowing the rootstocks. Salinity exerted different effects on the dry matter formation of scion-rootstock combinations. ‘Star Ruby’ was less sensitive to salinity, particularly when the rootstocks were the hybrids from ‘Sunki of Florida’ mandarin (TSKFL) with ‘Troyer’ citrange (CTTR) – 013 (TSKFL x CTTR – 013), common ‘Sunki’ mandarin (TSKC) with ‘Argentina’ citrange (CTARG) – 019 (TSKC x CTARG – 019), TSKC with ‘Swingle’ citrumelo (CTSW) – 031 (TSKC x CTSW – 031), and the trifoliate hybrid (HTR) - 069, as well as the varieties Volkamer lemon and Santa Cruz Rangpur lime. When grafted with ‘Tahiti’ acid lime, the rootstocks displaying the less sensitive to salinity were TSKFL x CTTR - 013 and TSKC x CTARG - 019.

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Rootstocks for 'Tahiti' lime

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162004000200005 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 151-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Neusa Maria Colauto Stenzel ◽

Carmen Silvia Vieira Janeiro Neves

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Poncirus Trifoliata ◽

Trifoliate Orange ◽

Canopy Development ◽

Rangpur Lime ◽

Rough Lemon ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Volkamer Lemon ◽

Cleopatra Mandarin

The 'Tahiti' lime (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) is an important commercial citrus cultivar in Brazil. 'Rangpur' lime has being used as its main rootstock, but it is susceptible to root rot caused by Phytophthora, reducing tree longevity. An experiment was set up in a randomized block design, with three trees per plot of each rootstock and four replicates, and run for 12 years, aiming to compare the performance of 'IAC-5 Tahiti' lime, budded on 'Rangpur' lime (Citrus limonia Osb.); 'C-13' citrange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.); 'African' rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.); 'Volkamer' lemon (Citrus volkameriana Ten. & Pasq.); trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.); 'Sunki' mandarin (Citrus sunki Hort. ex Tan.) and 'Cleopatra' mandarin (Citrus reshni Hort. ex Tan.). Eleven years after the establishment of the orchard, trees with the greatest canopy development were budded on 'C-13' citrange and 'African' rough lemon, and both differed significantly from trees budded on trifoliate orange, 'Sunki' and 'Cleopatra' mandarins, which presented the smallest canopy development. Trees budded on 'Rangpur' lime and 'C-13' citrange had the highest cumulative yields, and were different from trees budded on trifoliate orange, 'Cleopatra' and 'Sunki' mandarins. There was no rootstock effect on mean fruit weight and on the total soluble solid/acid ratio in the juice. The 'Rangpur' lime and the 'Cleopatra' mandarin rootstocks reduced longevity of plants.

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Aluminum tolerance in castor bean lines1

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632018v4852425 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 299-305

Author(s):

Lucas Barbosa de Freitas ◽

Dirceu Maximino Fernandes ◽

Suelen Cristina Mendonça Maia ◽

Laerte Gustavo Pivetta ◽

Maurício Dutra Zanotto

Keyword(s):

Castor Bean ◽

Block Design ◽

Aluminum Tolerance ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Al Tolerance ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Bean Plants ◽

Management Techniques ◽

Adequate Management

ABSTRACT Castor bean plants are susceptible to aluminum (Al) in the soil, requiring adequate management techniques for their cultivation in acid soils containing high Al levels, as it occurs in tropical regions. This study aimed to assess the Al tolerance of castor bean lines. A randomized block design, in a 2 x 9 factorial scheme, with four replicates, was used. The treatments consisted of presence and absence of Al, as well as nine castor bean lines (CRZ H06, CRZ H11, CRZ H12, CRZ H15, CRZ H17, CRZ H18, CRZ H19, CRZ H22 and FCA). Based on a distribution into quartiles, the lines were divided into two groups. The Al-tolerant group contained the CRZ H06, H11 and H17 lines, while the group susceptible to Al was composed of CRZ H12, H15, H18, H19, H22 and FCA. The FCA and CRZ H17 lines showed the highest growth, when cultivated without Al.

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Morphophysiology of Tahiti lime grafted onto Sunki mandarin hybrids under salt stress

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n8p598-606 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (8) ◽

pp. 598-606

Author(s):

Luderlândio A. Silva ◽

Marcos E. B. Brito ◽

Pedro D. Fernandes ◽

Francisco V. da S. Sá ◽

Rômulo C. L. Moreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Saline Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

Gas Exchanges ◽

Rangpur Lime ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Irrigation Water Salinity ◽

Electrical Conductivities ◽

One Year

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the growth and physiology of citrus scion/rootstock combinations irrigated with saline water until the pre-flowering stage. The experiment was conducted in drainage lysimeters with capacity for 150 dm3, in randomized block design in a 2 x 10 factorial scheme, corresponding to two electrical conductivities of water (S1 = 0.3 and S2 = 3.0 dS m-1) and ten scion/rootstock combinations (nine hybrids and one commercial variety) grafted with Tahiti lime, in three repetitions and one plant per plot. Grafted seedlings were transplanted one year after sowing, subjected to salt stress from 15 days after transplanting until the pre-flowering period, and evaluated for gas exchanges and growth. The irrigation with 3.0 dS m-1 saline water did not influence the photosynthetic activity of the studied citrus scion/rootstock combinations until the pre-flowering. The genotype Santa Cruz Rangpur lime (LCRSTC) was more sensitive to irrigation water salinity in terms of growth. The least sensitive combinations to salinity were Tahiti lime grafted onto TSKFL x (LCR x TR) - 018, TSKFL x TRBK - 011 and TSKFL x TRBK - 30.

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Use of agricultural waste material as an alternative substrate in cabbage seedling production and development

Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture ◽

10.9755/ejfa.2020.v32.i2.2071 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 131

Author(s):

Paola Alfonsa Vieira Lo Monaco ◽

Josean de Castro Vieira ◽

João Nacir Colombo ◽

Marcelo Rodrigo Krause ◽

Gustavo Haddad Souza Vieira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Waste ◽

Block Design ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Pine Bark ◽

Seedling Production ◽

Coconut Fiber ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Commercial Yield

Considering the need to reduce costs in the production of seedlings, the use of agricultural wastes becomes essential. The objective of this study was to evaluate a substrate composed of agricultural residues replacing the commercial substrate. The experiment was carried out in two phases. For the first phase, seedling production, we used a completely randomized design with six treatments and eight replications, using commercial substrate (Bioplant®) and five treatments with increasing proportions of moinha/descending proportions of rice husk (0/40; 10/30; 20/20; 30/10 and 40/0%), and fixed proportions of coconut fiber (15%) and pine bark (45%). We evaluated plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, root and shoot dry masses, and Dickson quality index at 33 days after sowing. In the second experiment, cabbage development under field conditions, the treatments were maintained with four replications, using the randomized block design. We evaluated cycle length, compactness, head and stem diameter, number of basal external leaves, mass of fresh matter of the head, and commercial yield. We recommend a substrate composed of 40% moinha, 15% coconut fiber, and 45% pine bark in the production of cabbage seedlings, replacing the commercial substrate.

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Effects of weed management and plant arrangements on yield index of sweet sorghum

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v35n4a2019-36966 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Ronaldo Matias Reis ◽

Matheus Souza Freitas ◽

Daniel Valadão Silva ◽

Gustavo Antônio Mendes Pereira ◽

Ana Beatriz Rocha de Jesus Passos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Sweet Sorghum ◽

Control Method ◽

Block Design ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

And Control

Sweet sorghum is currently an important alternative for ethanol production in sugar cane off-season. In this study was to evaluate the effects of plant arrangements and the application of atrazine and S-metolachlor on growth and productivity of sweet sorghum. An experiment was conducted in randomized block design and, arranged in split plots with four repetitions. Plots consisted of spacing (0.25 m, 0.45 m 0.45-0.45-0.90 m) and sub-plots of weed control methods - atrazine (2000 g ha-1), atrazine + S-metolachlor (2000 + 720 g ha-1), atrazine + S-metolachlor (2000 + 960 g ha-1), atrazine + S-metolachlor (2000 + 1200 g ha-1), atrazine + S-metolachlor (2000 + 1440 g ha-1). Besides that, manual hoeing control was added. The intoxication of sorghum plants and weed control was evaluated at 7, 14 e 28 days after herbicides application (DAA). Plant height, stem diameter, total fresh matter, juice mass and total soluble solids (°Brix) were evaluated at 120 days after crop emergence (DAE). There was no interaction between the factors spacings and control method for variables total matter fresh (TMF), height (H), stem diameter (D), juice mass (JM), and Brix. Application of the mixture (atrazine + S-metolachlor) in the highest doses reduced total fresh matter and °Brix. The spacing of 0.25 m provided the highest productivity of fresh matter, juice mass and increased the °Brix. The application of mixture (atrazine + S-metolachlor) controlled 90% of the weeds at 28 days after application. The increasing in doses of S-metolachlor elevates the intoxication in sorghum plants. The mixture (atrazine + S-metolachlor) has a potential for use in weed control in sweet sorghum, but at doses below 960 g ha-1 of S-metolachlor. metolachlor.

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Productivity of potato seed submitted to different doses of potassium in hydroponic system

Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture ◽

10.9755/ejfa.2019.v31.i7.1979 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 555

Author(s):

Camila B.A. Tufik

Keyword(s):

Seed Potato ◽

Block Design ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Potato Seed ◽

Design Data ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

Hydroponic System ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Different Doses

The potato is one of the most economically important crops in Brazil, and among the items that most cost the production is seed potatoes. The deficiency of one nutrient can interfere with the absorption and accumulation of the others in plants. The aim of this work was to quantify the optimal potassium (K) dose for minituber basic seed potato yield in hydroponic system. The experiment was installed in a greenhouse with the Agata cultivar minitubers. The treatments consisted of five doses of K (0.0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5 e 10.0 mmol L-1) with four repetitions. The experimental design was a randomized block design. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression. The number of tubers, fresh mass, classification and dry mass were measured. The content of K and content other nutrients in the seed potato tubers were also evaluated. In the hydroponic systems, the maximum yield per plant was 48.41 tubers obtained with 6.15 mmol L-1 of K and maximum mass of fresh matter was 646.6 g.

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Effect of Udaipur Rock Phosphate, Single Super Phosphate and Their Combinations on Yield and Total Nutrient Uptake by a Groundnut-Maize Cropping System on the Acid Alfisols of Odisha State, India

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2020/v32i530282 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 53-64

Author(s):

Debasis Sarangi ◽

Dinabandhu Jena ◽

Gour Hari Santra

Keyword(s):

Rock Phosphate ◽

Block Design ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Cropping System ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Low Grade ◽

Available Nitrogen ◽

Combined Application ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Single Super Phosphate

To find out the effect of low grade Udaipur rock phosphate on yield and nutrient dynamic in groundnut- maize cropping system, a field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications and eight treatments consisting of Udaipur rock phosphate (URP), single super phosphate (SSP) alone or in combinations with different ratios including phosphorus control from 2013-14 to 2015. The soil has a loam texture, a pH of 5.18, low available nitrogen and medium phosphorus and potassium. The highest maize equivalent yield of 6293 kg ha-1 and relative agronomic efficiency (RAE) of 159% was recorded in SSP+ lime (0.2LR) treatment followed by URP+SSP (1:1). Combined application of SSP+ lime recorded higher P, Ca, Mg and S uptake by groundnut-maize cropping system. When the crops received URP+SSP mixture in 1:1 ratio, the RAE values were increased above the standard SSP treatment (T3) being 102% for groundnut, 105% for maize and 103% for groundnut-maize cropping system. The yield in URP+SSP mixture (1:1) was higher than for the SSP treatment, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Thus, combined application of URP+SSP mixture (1:1) can safely be recommended in acid soils for short duration crops like maize and groundnut as against the more costly water soluble SSP fertilizer.

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Alternation of host plants as a survival mechanism of leafhoppers Dilobopterus costalimai and Oncometopia facialis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), vectors of the Citrus Variegated Chlorosis (CVC)

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162001000400008 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 699-702 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

José Maria Milanez ◽

José Roberto Postali Parra ◽

Denise Cristina Magri

Keyword(s):

Host Plants ◽

Block Design ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Breeding Systems ◽

Important Species ◽

Citrus Variegated Chlorosis ◽

Rangpur Lime ◽

Survival Mechanism ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Set Up

Dilobopterus costalimai (Young) and Oncometopia facialis (Signoret) are two of the most important species of citrus leafhoppers, vectors of bacterium Xylella fastidiosa which causes the Citrus Variegated Chlorosis (CVC) disease. To develop a rearing technique for these species under laboratory conditions, the egg laying preference and nymph development were studied in different breeding systems: Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia) and "falso boldo" (Vernonia condensata) as host plants. Trials were set up in a randomized block design with three treatments (n=8). Females of D. costalimai had particular preference for ovipositing on Rangpur lime leaves while O. facialis females placed a higher number of eggs on "falso boldo", but it did not differ statistically from the Rangpur lime. The nymphal viability of D. costalimai was null in Rangpur lime and 58% in "falso boldo". For O. facialis the nymphal viability was 25 and 78% in Rangpur lime and "falso boldo", respectively. "Falso boldo" is more suitable as a host plant to rear the two species of citrus leafhoppers. The alternation of host plants seems to be an important survival mechanism of the CVC-vector species, as shown in natural conditions.

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Uji Efektifvitas Cendawan Mikoriza Lokal Gerogak Lahan Kering dan Komersial Pada Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.)

AGRICA ◽

10.37478/agr.v5i2.448 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 77-85

Author(s):

Julianus Jeksen

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays L ◽

Block Design ◽

Leaf Age ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Mycorrhizal Infection ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Sterile Soil ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Corn Plants

Dryland in Indonesia has been dominated by acid soils, so that availability of phosphate (P) becomes the main obstacle in improving outcomes and only 10-30% of fertilizer P can be utilized by plants. One of the solution to meet the needs of phosphate is by utilization of mycorrhizal biofertilizer. These experiments were divided into several phases: 1) Looking for phases of mycorrhizal, 2) the laboratory analysis, 3) Testing phase on plants that were carried out by using polybags with sterile soil. The experiment was designed with a complete randomized block design (RAKL) by using a factor that consists of 6 treatments that are: 1) Without mycorrhizal inoculum (M0), 2) Mycorrhizal inoculum 5 g + 50 Spores (M5), 3) Mycorrhizal inoculum 10 g + 50 spores (M10), 4) Mycorrhizal inoculum 15 g + 50 spores (M15), 5) Mycorrhizal inoculum 20 g + 50 spores (M20), 6) Commercial mycorrhizal 10 g (Mk). All treatments were repeated four times so that the total 24 pot experiment. The experiment results show that mycorrhizal treatment given on the corn crop has very significant (P <0.01) to the number of leaf age of 35, 49, 63 days after, leaf wide have age 49 days after plant, fresh weight, oven-dry weight, absorb P, number of spores, mycorrhizal infection and significant effect (P <0.05) to plant height age of 35, 49, 63 day after plant, 63 days after plant, leaf wide, and P-available. Based on the results of this study will be suggested, in order to enhance the growth of corn plants can be used locally mikroiza a dose of 10 g + 50 spores.

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