Manganese and zinc leaf application on common bean grown on a "Cerrado" soil

The occurrence of micronutrient deficiencies, mainly of manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) in "cerrado" soils, has been increasing in several crops, including bean. Such a problem is caused by high rates of liming material applied entirely on the soil surface. In this study, the effects of the leaf application of Mn and Zn rates were evaluated. Three experiments were carried out: two in greenhouse and one under field conditions. The greenhouse experiments were set up using a randomized block design and a 5 x 5 factorial, with three replicates, consisting of five rates of Mn (0, 75, 150, 300, and 600 g ha-1) and five rates of Zn (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 g ha-1) applied via leaves at the 25th day, or both alternatively parceled at 25 and 35 days after emergency (DAE), respectively, for the first and second experiments. In the field experiment, a randomized block design was used with four replicates, and the same treatments as those used in the greenhouse. Leaf applications performed at 25 and 35 DAE were efficient in correcting the symptoms of the Mn and Zn deficiencies. The combined application of Mn and Zn caused an increase in plant height, primary yield components as number of grains per pod, number of pods per plant, and productivity itself. The maximum technical efficiency was obtained with 315 g ha-1 Mn and 280 g ha-1 Zn for a bean productivity of 2.275 kg ha-1, corresponding to 60% above control.

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Effectiveness of nitrogen and bio-fertilizer choice for improving growth and yield of hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) during dry season

ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice ◽

10.35709/ory.2020.57.4.6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 302-309

Author(s):

Sukanta Pal ◽

Megha Sana ◽

Hirak Banerjee ◽

Lhingneikim Lhungdim

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Hybrid Rice ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Block Design ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Combined Application ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

N Dose ◽

Dry Seasons

Effect of nitrogen and bio-fertilizer on growth and productivity of hybrid rice (cv. PHB 71) was assessed during dry seasons of 2017 and 2018 at Research Farm of BCKV under new alluvial zone of West Bengal. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with 12 treatment combinations having 4 levels of N and 3 types of bio-fertilizer replicated thrice. Application at 180 kg N/ha produced tallest plants at 90 DAT with maximum LAI (60 DAT), DMA (90 DAT), tillers/hill (90 DAT) and CGR (30-60 & 60-90 DAT). The same N rate resulted in highest panicles/m2, panicle length, panicle weight, filled grains/panicle and 1000-grain weight. A decrease in N dose from 180 to 150 kg/ha caused reduction in all those yield components; however, the variation was non-significant except for number of panicles/m2. Maximum grain yield, straw yield and harvest index was also achieved with 180 kg N/ha accounting 120.1, 34.9 and 32.8% more than the values obtained with zero-N; however, it was statistically at par with the yields and HI obtained with 150 kg N/ha. The Azospirillum application increased all the growth parameters, yield components and yield of hybrid rice over other tested bio-fertilizers (Azospirillum > PSB > K mobilizer), accounting 5.9 and 8.8% more than the yields obtained with PSB and K mobilizer. The interaction of N and bio-fertilizer exerted significant effect on growth attributes but failed to record any significant variations in yield components and yield of hybrid rice. The maximum economic benefit was achieved with combined application of 180 kg N/ha and Azospirillum.

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Defoliation at different vegetative stages and assessment of morphological and yield components

Current Agricultural Science and Technology ◽

10.18539/cast.v22i1.3156 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maicon Nardino ◽

Velci Queiróz de Souza ◽

Carlos André Bahry ◽

Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ◽

Braulio Otomar Caron ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Water Availability ◽

Yield Components ◽

Block Design ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Main Stem ◽

Stem Height ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Pod Number

Objective was to evaluate the influence of defoliation of a soybean cultivar indeterminate growth in different vegetative stages on morphological characters and yield components. The study was conducted in the years 2010/11 and 2011/12. The experimental design was a randomized block design with seven treatments and four replications for each year. The treatments were: T1: No defoliation; T2: Defoliation in V4, T3: Defoliation in V4 and V5, T4: Defoliation in V4, V5 and V6, T5: Defoliation in V4, V5, V6 and V7, T6: Defoliation in V4, V5, V6, V7 and V8 and T7: Defoliation in V4, V5, V6, V7, V8 and V9. The variables analyzed were: main stem height, number and length of branches, first pod, number of pods per node on the main stem, and the branches per plant, number of reproductive nodes on the main stem, the branches, number of us total on the main stem, the branches, distance between us and grain yield. Grazing did not influence most of the morphological characters and increments the number of pods on the stem in years with good water availability and high levels of defoliation, and yield of soybean.

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Cowpea subjected to organic fertilization and management of the natural vegetation of the savannah of Roraima

Revista Agro mbiente On-line ◽

10.18227/1982-8470ragro.v15i0.6997 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Djair Alves De Melo ◽

Tocio Sediyama ◽

Antonio Alberto Da Silva ◽

José Maria Arcanjo Alves ◽

José De Anchieta Alves de Albuquerque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Plant Height ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Yield Components ◽

Block Design ◽

Natural Vegetation ◽

Organic Fertilization ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Set Up ◽

Pod Length

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is one of the main sources of nutrients for a large part of the population. To increase your income, there is a need for proper management. This study aimed to evaluate yield components of the cowpea cultivar Aracê subjected to two levels of organic fertilization and three management of the natural vegetation of the savannah of Roraima. The experiment was set up in the experimental area of CCA/UFRR, in Boa Vista, Roraima. The experimental design was a randomized block design in a 3×2 factorial scheme, with four replications. The first factor consisted of the management of the natural vegetation: glyphosate application and cutting or not of the natural vegetation. The second factor consisted of the application or not of cattle manure. Yield components were plant height, number of trifoliate leaves, percentage of normal pods, pod length, number of grains per pod, 100-grain weight, sample grain index, total grain index, and final stand. Organic fertilization with 2 L m-2 of manure increased cowpea production. The management with vegetation cutting in areas with organic fertilization increased the final stand of cowpea plants. The desiccation of natural vegetation with glyphosate was the management that had the highest cowpea production.

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Combining ability and heterosis studies across environments in linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.59.2011.1.9 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 87-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Sood ◽

N. Kalia ◽

S. Bhateria

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Linum Usitatissimum ◽

Combining Ability ◽

Yield Components ◽

Block Design ◽

Linum Usitatissimum L ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Component Traits ◽

Parental Lines ◽

Fibre Yield

Combining ability and heterosis were calculated for fourteen lines of linseed in a line × tester mating design using twelve lines and two diverse testers in two different environments. The hybrids and parental lines were raised in a completely randomized block design with three replications to investigate seed and fibre yield and their component traits. Genetic variation was significant for most of the traits over environments. Combining ability studies revealed that the lines KL-221 and LCK-9826 were good general combiners for seed yield and most of its components, whereas LMH-62 and LC-2323 were good general combiners for yield components only. Moreover, KL-221 was also a good general combiner for fibre yield. Similarly, B-509 and Ariane were good general combiners for fibre yield and most of its components. Among the specific cross combinations, B-509 × Flak-1 was outstanding for seed yield per plant and B-509 × KL-187 and LC-2323 × LCK-9826 for fibre yield per plant, with high SCA effects. In general, the hybrids excelled their respective parents and the standard checks for most of the characters studied. Based on the comparison of mean performance, SCA effects and the extent of heterosis, the hybrids LC-2323 × LCK-9826 and B-509 × KL-221 appeared to be the most promising for both seed and fibre yield. Other promising combinations were LC-2323 × KL-210 and B-509 × Ariane for seed and fibre yield, respectively. The superiority of LC-2323, LCK-9826, KL-221, B-509 and Ariane as good general combiners was further confirmed by the involvement of these parents in the desirable cross combinations.

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Nitrogen topdressing and application ways of fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen in weed control and agronomic performance of common bean

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/0001-3765201520140347 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 87 (4) ◽

pp. 2301-2307 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

MATHEUS G. SILVA ◽

ORIVALDO ARF ◽

PAULO E. TEODORO

Keyword(s):

Common Bean ◽

Weed Control ◽

Yield Components ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Agronomic Performance ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Bean Yield ◽

Leaf N Content ◽

Leaf N

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of interaction between nitrogen topdressing and different application ways (active ingredients) a.i. fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen in weed control and agronomic performance of common bean. The experiment was conducted during winter 2003 in Selvíria/MS. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with four replications in a factorial scheme 2x7. The first factor was composed by the absence or presence of nitrogen topdressing, while the second factor consisted of different application ways of fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen. The following variables were measured: leaf N content, dry matter of plants, yield components (number of pods plant-1, number of grains plant-1, the average number of grains pod-1 and mass of 100 grains), grain yield, phytotoxicity and weed control percentage. The nitrogen topdressing with 75 kg ha-1provided higher dry matter of plants, higher weed control and higher common bean yield of irrigated winter. In the absence of nitrogen topdressing in the application of urea before or together to fluazifop-p-butyl + fomesafen increased their effectiveness in controlling weeds without interference in the agronomic performance of common bean.

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Trace Metal Distribution and Mobility in Soils after Silvicultural Thinning and Burning

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v9n5p83 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 83

Author(s):

Ngowari Jaja ◽

Monday Mbila ◽

Yong Wang

Keyword(s):

Trace Metal ◽

Management Practices ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Block Design ◽

Forest Health ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Parent Material ◽

Design Experiment ◽

Randomized Block Design

Silvicultural thinning and burning are common management practices that are widely used to address ecosystem problems such as tree stocking and general forest health. However, high-severity fire has variable effects on soils, resulting in damages which are directly or indirectly reflected on the trace metal chemistry of the soil. This study was conducted to evaluate the trace metal variation at the Bankhead National Forest in Northern Alabama following the silvicultural thinning and burning. The experimental site had treatments consisting of two burning patterns and three levels of thinning as part of an overall treatment of three burning patterns and three levels of thinning applied to nine treatment plots to fit a completely randomized block design experiment. Four treatments sites were used for this study and samples were collected from soil profile pits excavated at representative plots within each treatment. The samples were analyzed for trace metals-As, Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb-using Perkin Elmer 2100 ICP-OES. Post treatment samples indicated that the trace metal concentrations generally decreased with soil depth. Copper, Ni, and Zn at the Pre-burn site gradually increased with depth to a maximum concentration at about 50 cm below the soil surface. Arsenic in the surface horizons increased by 156% in the burn-only sites, 54% in the thin-only treatment, 30% for the burn and thin treatments. Such differences were unlikely due to differences in the geochemistry of the parent material, but likely due to anthropogenic activities and possibly the forest management practices in question.

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Agronomic performances of Pak Choi grown with different soil cover

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620150000200020 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 261-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Márcia M Echer ◽

Graciela M Dalastra ◽

Tiago L Hachmann ◽

Elcio S Klosowski ◽

Vandeir F Guimarães

Keyword(s):

Soil Cover ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Production Traits ◽

Pak Choi ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Black Plastic ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Set Up

An important aspect in the cultivation of vegetables is the quality of the product to be marketed, free from dirt and damage and the practice of mulching could be an option, but there is scarse information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of mulching on the production traits of three cultivars of Pak Choi. The experiment was set up during March to May 2013 using a split plot randomized block design, with four replications. Soil cover treatments (white agrotextile, black agrotextile, black plastic, silver plastic, tifton straw and bare soil) were arranged in the plots, and three cultivars of Pak Choi (Green Pak Choi, White Pak Choi and Chingensai Natsu Shomi) in subplots. Height and diameter of shoots, number of leaves, fresh weight of the head and petiole, base diameter, dry weight of stem, petiole, and leaf were evaluated thirty-five days after transplantation. The total dry weight and leaf area were measured, and then we estimated the yield. There was a significant effect of soil cover and cultivar. In general, the cover with synthetic materials showed higher values on production of Pak Choi. The cultivar White Pak Choi was better adapted to the growing conditions, with an average yield of 57.78 t/ha.

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Effect of nitrogen fertilization on camelina seed yield, yield components, and downy mildew infection

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.1139/cjps-2014-0348 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 96 (1) ◽

pp. 17-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yunfei* Jiang ◽

Claude D. Caldwell

Keyword(s):

Downy Mildew ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Block Design ◽

Interactive Effect ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Eastern Canada ◽

Set Up ◽

N Rates

Camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] has potential in aquaculture, livestock feed production, and the biofuel industry. It is necessary to determine the appropriate production technology for the newly introduced crop under different environmental conditions. The objective of this 2-year study was to measure the response of five camelina genotypes in terms of seed yield, yield components, and disease incidence to applied nitrogen (N) at multiple sites in the Maritime provinces of eastern Canada. The factorial experiment was set up as a randomized complete block design. The two factors were six N rates (0, 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha−1 N) and five genotypes of camelina (Calena, CDI002, CDI005, CDI007, and CDI008). The interactive effect of N rates and genotypes was considered. Results showed that camelina, which is usually considered a low-input crop, responded positively to increased applied N at rates up to 200 kg ha−1 N. Seed yield responded differently to applied N rates depending on genotype. Branch and pod development were decisive for seed yield. The advanced line CDI007 had the highest yield potential among the five genotypes. Downy mildew infection was positively correlated with applied N rates; however, seed yield was not significantly affected by downy mildew infection.

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Penampilan Varietas Jagung Unggul Baru Bermutu Protein Tinggi di Jawa dan Bali

Buletin Plasma Nutfah ◽

10.21082/blpn.v10n2.2004.p49-55 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 49 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muhammad Azrai

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Yield Components ◽

Future Prospect ◽

Block Design ◽

Quality Protein Maize ◽

Row Spacing ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Puccinia Polysora ◽

Ear Height ◽

Biomass Plant

AbstractStudy on the performance of two quality protein maize (QPM) varieties (Srikandi Putih-1 and Srikandi Kuning-1) plus two Indonesian open pollinated varieties (Bayu and Lamuru) was conducted at seven environments in Java and Bali. The experiments were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Each variety was grown in a four-row plot with 5 m length, 75cm apart and 25 cm within row spacing and one plant per hill. Observations were made on yield, biomass, plant height, ear height, flowering dates, yield components, plant and ear aspect, husk cover, diseases incidence of Puccinia polysora and Helminthossporium maydis, protein contains, lysine, and tryptophan-amino acids contains. In general, Srikandi Putih-1 and Srikandi Kuning-1 varieties had a good adaptations under all environments. They contained nearly twice the lysine and tryptophan-amino acids compared to Bayu and Lamuru varieties. Therefore, they have future prospect for the development of protein synthesis in humans and monogastric animals.AbstrakPenelitian penampilan varietas jagung unggul baru bermutu protein tinggi (Srikandi Putih-1 dan Srikandi Kuning-1) dan dua varietas unggul nasional (Bayu dan Lamuru) telah dilaksanakan pada tujuh lokasi di Jawa dan Bali pada tahun 2003 sampai 2004. Penelitian ditata dalam percobaan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Setiap varietas ditanam pada petakan empat baris, panjang 5 m, jarak antar baris 75 cm, jarak dalam barisan 25 cm, dan ditumbuhkan satu tanaman per rumpun. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap hasil biji, biomas segar, tinggi tanaman, panjang tongkol, umur berbunga, komponen hasil, skor penampilan tanaman, penutupan kelobot, penyakit karat dan hawar daun, serta kandungan protein kasar, asam amino lisin, dan triptofan. Secara umum varietas Srikandi Putih-1 dan Srikandi Kuning-1 dapat beradaptasi baik pada semua lingkungan. Selain itu, kedua varietas tersebut mempunyai kandungan lisin dan triptofan hampir dua kali lipat dibandingkan dengan varietas Bayu dan Lamuru. Oleh karena itu, kedua varietas tersebut mempunyai prospek untuk dikembangkan sebagai sintesis protein pada ternak monogastrik dan manusia.

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Optimation of In vitro Lateral Shoots Multiplication of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) “Callina” with BAP and NAA

Journal of Tropical Crop Science ◽

10.29244/jtcs.4.3.102-107 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 102-107

Author(s):

Darda Efendi ◽

Mirza R Putra

Keyword(s):

Carica Papaya ◽

Clonal Propagation ◽

Block Design ◽

Shoot Multiplication ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Lateral Shoots ◽

Shoot Production ◽

Set Up

Papaya is a popular fruit and is grown commercially in many subtropical and tropical countries. Papayas are generally grown from seeds; therefore the offsprings are not true-to-type and could come in three sexes, female, male, and hermaphrodite. Clonal propagation is required to obtain to grow true-to-type hermaphrodite papayas. In this research, we developed an in vitro protocol for shoot multiplication from lateral shoots from in vitro germinated papaya seedlings. The in vitro propagated plant materials could potentially be used as a source of papaya micro cuttings, or as scion for papaya grafting. The experiment was set up as a factorial experiment with NAA at 0, 0.1 and 0.5 mg.L-1, and BAP at 0, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg.L-1 in a completely randomized block design. BAP interacted with NAA in affecting the shoot production per explant. The optimum BAP and NAA concentration to produce lateral shoots was 0.54 mg. L-1 and 0.1 mg.L-1, respectively. Media without NAA reduced the number of lateral shoots and number of leaf per explant at any BAP concentration.Keywords: hermaphrodite, seeds, true to type, clonal propagation, micro cuttings.

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