scholarly journals Aggressiveness and physiological specialization of Septoria tritici Rob. isolates

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Omar Gieco ◽  
Jorge Dubcovsky ◽  
Luis Eduardo Aranha Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Plot Design

Pathogenicity tests verifying the behavior of Septoria tritici isolates should be considered as a priority in the selection of resistant wheat materials to this pathogen, since the aggressiveness of each isolate can vary significantly, causing problems in the evaluation and selection of resistant genotypes. The objective of this work was to determine whether physiologic specialization exists among Argentinean and American Septoria tritici isolates, through the analysis of their pathogenicity on cultivars and lines of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiments were carried out in Castelar-Argentina and in Davis-USA. In Castelar, a split plot design (n = 4) was used. The cultivars or lines were randomized in the plots and the isolates in the subplots. Each subplot consisted of three plants belonging to a cultivar or line. In Davis, a strip split plot design (n = 6) was used. A pot containing three plants of each cultivar or line constituted the experimental plots. In both sites, the inoculation was made at the flag leaf phenological stage through foliar aspersion of a conidial suspension adjusted to 10(6)-10(8) conidia mL-1. Evaluations were made by recording the leaf area covered with pycnidia (LACP) at the flag leaf stage with the use of rating scales. Differences (P < 0.0001) in LACP were detected among cultivars or lines. Isolate effects and the interaction cultivar × isolate were significant (P < 0.0001). Variations in aggressiveness and virulence were found among the isolates, indicating the presence of horizontal and vertical resistance in the host cultivars.

scholarly journals Expected genetic gains from mono trait and indexbased selection in advanced bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 9131-9141
Author(s):  
Zine El Abidine Fellahi ◽  
Abderrahmane Hannachi ◽  
Hamenna Bouzerzour
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Selection Of

This study aimed at evaluating the expected gains from selection obtained based upon direct, indirect, and index-based selection in a set of 599 bread wheat lines. The experiment was carried out at the experimental field of INRAA institute, Setif research unit (Algeria), in a Federer augmented block design including three controls. A wide range of genetic variability was observed among lines for the eleven traits assessed. The results indicated that index-based selection and selection based on grain yield expressed higher expected genetic gain than direct and indirect mono-trait-based selection. The best 15 selected lines exhibited higher grain yield than the control varieties, and they were clustered in three groups that contrasted mainly for the flag-leaf area, thousand-kernel weight, biomass, and harvest index. The index-based selection appears as a useful tool for the rapid selection of early filial generations, enriching selected breeding materials with desirable alleles and reducing the number of years required to combine these traits in elite varieties.

scholarly journals Analysis of Direct and Indirect Selection and Indices in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Segregating Progeny

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zine El Abidine Fellahi ◽  
Abderrahmane Hannachi ◽  
Hamenna Bouzerzour
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Simultaneous Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Three selection methods including direct and indirect selection along with selection index based on the phenotypic values of eleven traits of agronomic interest were assessed for their application in F4 bread wheat progenies. Significant genetic variation existed among parents and crosses for the traits measured. The following were the most efficient indices for simultaneous selection of superior lines for yield and its components: base index of Williams, followed by the sum of ranks index of Smith and Hazel. The selection-based index provided the highest grain yield gains as compared to the other selection criteria, except for flag leaf area, indicating that the direct and indirect monotrait selection were not appropriate in the situation analyzed in this work. PCA identified Ain Abid × Mahon-Demias, Ain Abid × Rmada, and Ain Abid × El-Wifak as the most promising populations. At 5% selection intensity, the top 30 lines selected were distinguished, in comparison with the standard check Hidhab, by significant improvements in yield and yield components.

scholarly journals Interaction between resistance to Septoria tritici and phenological stages in wheat

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Omar Gieco ◽  
Jorge Dubcovsky ◽  
Luis Eduardo Aranha Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Starting Point

Studies dedicated to understanding the behavior of pathogens in relation to their hosts are the starting point for any breeding program aimed to develop resistant cultivars. The objective of this study was to analyze the resistance to Septoria tritici Rob in 77 F11 progenies of wheat derived from the three-way cross Tadinia <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> (Yecora rojo <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> UC554) in the phenological stages of seedling, tillering, and flag leaf/flowering. Three field experiments were conducted where plants were artificially inoculated at one of the above mentioned phenological stages by spraying with a suspension of conidia. A randomized block design with four replications was used in each experiment. Disease evaluations were made by measuring the foliar area covered with chlorotic and necrotic lesions in the seedling and tillering stages and the leaf area covered with pycnidia in the flag leaf/flowering stage, using disease rating scales. Differences (P < 0.0001) were detected among progenies for Damaged Leaf Area (DLA) in all phenological stages. Joint analysis of variance for DLA indicated interaction between progeny and phenological stage (P < 0.0001) for all binary combinations analyzed (seedling-tillering, seedling-flag leaf and tillering-flag leaf) as it also did for the triple combination involving the three phenological stages. It is necessary to evaluate resistance in more than one phenological stage to guarantee the correct selection of resistant genotypes.

Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) terhadap Sistem Tanam Alur dan Pemberian Jenis Pupuk

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Rizal Mahdi Kurniawan ◽  
Heni Purnamawati ◽  
Yudiwanti Wahyu E. K
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Plot Design

<p><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh sistem tanam alur dan pemberian jenis pupuk terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi kacang tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.). Penelitian dilaksanakan di KP Leuwikopo IPB Dramaga, Bogor pada bulan Februari - Juni 2013. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi (Split Plot Design) dengan perlakuan terdiri dari dua faktor, yaitu sistem tanam alur sebagai petak utama dan jenis pupuk sebagai anak petak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan sistem tanam alur meningkatkan daya hasil pada produktivitas biji kering, produktivitas polong kering, dan bobot kering biji per tanaman lebih baik dibandingkan sistem tanam konvensional. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan perlakuan sistem tanam alur yang memiliki produktivitas 2.93 ton/ha polong kering, sedangkan sistem tanam konvensional sebesar 2.55 ton/ha polong kering. Sistem budidaya kacang tanah pada sistem tanam alur dapat meningkatkan efisiensi tanaman dalam memanfaatkan unsur hara yang telah diberikan baik pupuk organik maupun anorganik, sehingga pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kacang tanah menjadi lebih baik. Pemberian jenis pupuk kandang ayam + Dolomit + NPK memberikan respon terhadap pertumbuhan dan  daya hasil rata-rata tanaman yang lebih baik dibandingkan jenis pupuk lainnya.</em></p>

scholarly journals Mapping QTL for spike fertility and related traits in two doubled haploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Pretini ◽  
Leonardo S. Vanzetti ◽  
Ignacio I. Terrile ◽  
Guillermo Donaire ◽  
Fernanda G. González
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Physiological Model ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Fertility Traits ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background In breeding programs, the selection of cultivars with the highest yield potential consisted in the selection of the yield per se, which resulted in cultivars with higher grains per spike (GN) and occasionally increased grain weight (GW) (main numerical components of the yield). In this study, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for GW, GN and spike fertility traits related to GN determination were mapped using two doubled haploid (DH) populations (Baguette Premium 11 × BioINTA 2002 and Baguette 19 × BioINTA 2002). Results In total 305 QTL were identified for 14 traits, out of which 12 QTL were identified in more than three environments and explained more than 10% of the phenotypic variation in at least one environment. Eight hotspot regions were detected on chromosomes 1A, 2B, 3A, 5A, 5B, 7A and 7B in which at least two major and stable QTL sheared confidence intervals. QTL on two of these regions (R5A.1 and R5A.2) have previously been described, but the other six regions are novel. Conclusions Based on the pleiotropic analysis within a robust physiological model we conclude that two hotspot genomic regions (R5A.1 and R5A.2) together with the QGW.perg-6B are of high relevance to be used in marker assisted selection in order to improve the spike yield potential. All the QTL identified for the spike related traits are the first step to search for their candidate genes, which will allow their better manipulation in the future.

scholarly journals QTL Mapping of Seedling and Adult Plant Resistance to Septoria Tritici Blotch in Winter Wheat cv. Mandub (Triticum aestivum L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1108
Author(s):  
Dominika Piaskowska ◽  
Urszula Piechota ◽  
Magdalena Radecka-Janusik ◽  
Paweł Czembor
Keyword(s):  
Mapping Population ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Plant Stage

Septoria tritici blotch (STB) is one of the most devastating foliar diseases of wheat worldwide. Host resistance is the most economical and safest method of controlling the disease, and information on resistance loci is crucial for effective breeding for resistance programs. In this study we used a mapping population consisting of 126 doubled-haploid lines developed from a cross between the resistant cultivar Mandub and the susceptible cultivar Begra. Three monopycnidiospore isolates of Z. tritici with diverse pathogenicity were used to test the mapping population and parents’ STB resistance at the seedling stage (under a controlled environment) and adult plant stage (polytunnel). For both types of environments, the percentage leaf area covered by necrosis (NEC) and pycnidia (PYC) was determined. A linkage map comprising 5899 DArTSNP and silicoDArT markers was used for the quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis. The analysis showed five resistance loci on chromosomes 1B, 2B and 5B, four of which were derived from cv. Mandub. The location of QTL detected in our study on chromosomes 1B and 5B may suggest a possible identity or close linkage with Stb2/Stb11/StbWW and Stb1 loci, respectively. QStb.ihar-2B.4 and QStb.ihar-2B.5 detected on chromosome 2B do not co-localize with any known Stb genes. QStb.ihar-2B.4 seems to be a new resistance locus with a moderate effect (explaining 29.3% of NEC and 31.4% of PYC), conferring resistance at the seedling stage. The phenotypic variance explained by QTL detected in cv. Mandub ranged from 11.9% to 70.0%, thus proving that it is a good STB resistance source and can potentially be utilized in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Performance of hybrid rice grown from separated tillers

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-513
Author(s):  
FN Kamarum Munira ◽  
Md. Parvez Anwar ◽  
Sabina Yeasmin ◽  
Md. Harun Or Rashid ◽  
Mst Farzana Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Field Laboratory ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Rice Seeds ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Plot Design

The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during July to November 2016 to investigate the performance of separated tillers of hybrid rice variety Dhani Gold. The experiment comprised three times of tiller transplantation viz. 3, 4 and 5 week aged tiller seedlings and four levels of number of tiller seedlings transplanted hill-1 viz. 2, 3, 4 and 5 tiller seedlings hill-1 laid out in a split plot design with 3 replications. The highest plant height was obtained when 3-week aged tiller seedlings were transplanted at the rate of 3 tiller seedlings hill-1. The highest number of total tillers hill-1 and number of effective tillers hill-1 were found when 3-week aged tiller seedlings were transplanted with 5 tiller seedlings hill-1. The highest grains panicle-1 was obtained when 4-week aged tiller seedlings were transplanted with 5 tiller seedlings hill-1. The highest grain yield was found when 3-week aged tiller seedlings were transplanted with 5 tiller seedlings hill-1. The lowest grain yield was found when 5-week aged tiller seedlings were transplanted with 2 tiller seedlings hill-1 in hybrid rice variety Dhani Gold. Based on the findings of the present study it may be concluded that 3-week old tiller seedlings of Dhani Gold should be transplanted at the rate of 4 or 5 tiller seedlings hill-1 for higher yield. Thus present study confirms the potentiality of growing hybrid rice from separated tillers in case of unavailability of seedlings or to minimize the seed cost of high value hybrid rice seeds. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(4): 507–513, 2019

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