scholarly journals Carbon and nitrogen stocks of an Arenosol under irrigated fruit orchards in semiarid Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Carlos de Campos Bernardi ◽  
Pedro Luiz Oliveira de Almeida Machado ◽  
Beata Emoke Madari ◽  
Sílvio Roberto de Lucena Tavares ◽  
David Vilas Boas de Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Total N ◽  
Manilkara Zapota ◽  
Fruit Orchard ◽  
Fruit Orchards

Soil organic matter accumulation provides benefits to soil productivity and reduces atmospheric carbon concentration. However, little is known about the accumulation of C and N by sandy soils under perennial irrigated crops in semiarid regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of irrigated fruit orchard cultivation on the stocks of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N) of an Arenosol/Quartzpsament from Paraipaba-CE, Semiarid Brazil. Soil samples were taken from irrigated orchards of banana (Musa ssp.), cashew (Anacardium ocidentale), guava (Psidium guajava), bullock's heart (Annona reticulata), mango (Mangifera indica), and sapote (Manilkara zapota) in the wetted-bulb and non-irrigated area between the plant rows. Additional samples were collected from adjacent areas under secondary Caatinga forest, and under a 2-year-old deforested area. Sampling depths were: 0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, and 0.2-0.4 m. The highest contents of SOC and N were found in the surface layer. The soil bulk density did not change in depth. The stocks of SOC and total N under secondary forest at 0-0.40 m layer were 27.6 and 2.4 Mg ha-1, respectively. Caatinga Forest conversion into fruit orchard cultivation led to a decrease of 5 to 23% and 4 to 21% on SOC and N stocks, respectively. Compared to other soil uses, sapote and bullock's heart contributed for a lower decrease of SOC and N stocks after deforestation. Guava, bullock's heart, mango and sapote contributed for improving the SOC stratification index.

scholarly journals Soil Organic Matter, Mitigation of and Adaptation to Climate Change in Cocoa–Based Agroforestry Systems

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sikstus Gusli ◽  
Sri Sumeni ◽  
Riyami Sabodin ◽  
Ikram Hadi Muqfi ◽  
Mustakim Nur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Forest Conversion ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Organic C ◽  
C Storage ◽  
C Stock ◽  
Mountainous Landscape

Belowground roles of agroforestry in climate change mitigation (C storage) and adaptation (reduced vulnerability to drought) are less obvious than easy-to-measure aspects aboveground. Documentation on these roles is lacking. We quantified the organic C concentration (Corg) and soil physical properties in a mountainous landscape in Sulawesi (Indonesia) for five land cover types: secondary forest (SF), multistrata cocoa–based agroforestry (CAF) aged 4–5 years (CAF4), 10–12 years (CAF10), 17–34 years (CAF17), and multistrata (mixed fruit and timber) agroforest (MAF45) aged 45–68 years. With four replicate plots per cover type, we measured five pools of C-stock according to IPCC guidelines, soil bulk density (BD), macro porosity (MP), hydraulic conductivity (Ks), and available water capacity of the soil (AWC). The highest C-stock, in SF, was around 320 Mg ha−1, the lowest, 74 Mg ha−1, was in CAF4, with the older agroforestry systems being intermediate with 120 to 150 Mg ha−1. Soil compaction after forest conversion led to increased BD and reduced MP, Ks, and AWC. Older agroforestry partly recovered buffering: AWC per m of rooted soil profile increased by 5.7 mm per unit (g kg−1) increase of Corg. The restored AWC can support about a week’s worth of evapotranspiration without rain, assisting in climate change adaptation.

scholarly journals VARIASI KEMAMPUAN BEBERAPA JENIS POHON DALAM MENYERAP CO2 PADA TAMAN KOTA BANJARBARU

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafiizh Prasetia ◽  
Rony Riduan ◽  
Nova Annisa
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Swietenia Macrophylla ◽  
Manilkara Zapota ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Nephelium Lappaceum

Keberadaan ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) di Kelurahan Komet sangat diperlukan keberadaannya. Jumlah, jenis dan distribusi vegetasi yang sudah ada perlu diketahui untuk membuat perencanaan RTH taman kota dan taman lingkungan yang dibutuhkan di Kota Banjarbaru. Oleh sebab itu, selain untuk menginventarisir RTH taman kota dan taman lingkungan yang ada, juga perlu dilakukan analisis variasi kemampuan serapan CO2 atmosfir beberapa jenis pohon penyusun ruang terbuka hijau Kota Banjarbaru, khususnya Kelurahan Komet. Tata hijau yang digunakan dalam lansekap kawasan taman menggunakan pohon yang bertajuk lebar dan didominansi pohon seperti akasia (Acacia mangium), jambu air (Eugenia aquea), mangga (Mangifera indica), sawo (Manilkara zapota), rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), jambu biji (Psidium guajava), angsana (Pterocarpus indicus), mahoni berdaun lebar (Swietenia macrophylla), dan ketapang (Terminalia catappa). Penyerapan tertinggi tercatat pada pohon angsana (Pterocarpus indicus) yaitu sebesar 720 kg.tahun-1, sedangkan yang terendah pada pohon jambu biji (Psidium guajava), dan mahoni berdaun lebar (Swietenia macrophylla) yaitu sebesar 61 kg.tahun-1. Kata Kunci: Banjarbaru, serapan CO2, taman. The existence of green open space in Comet Village is indispensable. The number, type and distribution of existing vegetation should be known to make urban park planning and environmental parks needed in Banjarbaru City. Therefore, in addition to the inventory green open space park city and environmental parks that exist, it is also necessary to analyze the variation of atmospheric CO2 absorption capacity of several types of trees making up green open space Banjarbaru City, especially Comet Village. The green streets used in the landscape of the park area use wide-brim and tree-dominated such as Acacia mangium, Eugenia aquea, Mangifera indica, Manilkara zapota, Nephelium lappaceum, Psidium guajava, Pterocarpus indicus, Swietenia macrophylla and Terminalia catappa. The highest absorption was recorded in Pterocarpus indicus tree which was 720 kg.year-1, while the lowest in Psidium guajava and Swietenia macrophylla tree was 61 kg.year-1.Keyword : Banjarbaru, CO2 absorption, park.

scholarly journals Recycling Biogas Digestate from Energy Crops: Effects on Soil Properties and Crop Productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
Roberta Pastorelli ◽  
Giuseppe Valboa ◽  
Alessandra Lagomarsino ◽  
Arturo Fabiani ◽  
Stefania Simoncini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C

Digestate from biogas production can be recycled to the soil as conditioner/fertilizer improving the environmental sustainability of the energy supply chain. In a three-year maize-triticale rotation, we investigated the short-term effects of digestate on soil physical, chemical, and microbiological properties and evaluated its effectiveness in complementing the mineral fertilizers. Digestate soil treatments consisted of combined applications of the whole digestate and its mechanically separated solid fraction. Digestate increased soil total organic C, total N and K contents. Soil bulk density was not affected by treatments, while aggregate stability showed a transient improvement due to digestate treatments. A decrement of the transmission pores proportion and an increment of fissures was observed in digestate treated soils. Soil microbial community was only transiently affected by digestate treatments and no soil contamination from Clostridiaceae-related bacteria were observed. Digestate can significantly impair seed germination when applied at low dilution ratios. Crop yield under digestate treatment was similar to ordinary mineral-based fertilization. Overall, our experiment proved that the agronomic recycling of digestate from biogas production maintained a fair crop yield and soil quality. Digestate was confirmed as a valid resource for sustainable management of soil fertility under energy-crop farming, by combining a good attitude as a fertilizer with the ability to compensate for soil organic C loss.

Soil Physical and Chemical Properties under Four Densities of Hybrid Larch Plantations

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 2139-2142
Author(s):  
Shu Li Wang ◽  
Chao Ma ◽  
Wei Bin Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Larix Olgensis ◽  
Hybrid Larch ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Total P ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The soil physical and chemical properties of four densities (A:2500/hm2，B:3300/hm2，C:4400/hm2，D:6600/hm2) of hybrid Larch plantations, Larix olgensis plantation(E) and Quercus mandsurica forest(F) were studied in Jiangshanjiao forest farm of Heilongjiang province of China. Soil bulk density, soil porosity, total N, total P, available N and available P were affected significantly by plantation density in hybrid Larch plantations. The lowest surface soil bulk density was in density 2500/hm2. Soil porosity of density 2500/hm2and 3300/hm2was bigger than that of density 4400/hm2and density 6600/hm2. Total N, total P and available N of density 4400/hm2and 3300/hm2were higher than that of density 6600/hm2and density 2500/hm2. Total N, total P, available N and available P of hybrid Larch plantations were not lower than that of Larix olgensis plantation. The results of the soil physical and chemical properties under different densities of hybrid Larch plantations and different types of forest seems to confirm that hybrid Larch plantation did not decreased the soil fertility, and the hybrid Larch plantation with densities of 3300/hm2and 4400/hm2could be conductive to improving the soil quality. The results would provide the theories basis for manage the hybrid Larch plantations.

scholarly journals Soil greenhouse gas fluxes from different tree species on Taihang Mountain, North China

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1649-1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. P. Liu ◽  
W. J. Zhang ◽  
C. S. Hu ◽  
X. G. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Total N ◽  
Gas Fluxes ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Fluxes

Abstract. The objectives of this study were to investigate seasonal variation of greenhouse gas fluxes from soils on sites dominated by plantation (Robinia pseudoacacia, Punica granatum, and Ziziphus jujube) and natural regenerated forests (Vitex negundo var. heterophylla, Leptodermis oblonga, and Bothriochloa ischcemum), and to identify how tree species, litter exclusion, and soil properties (soil temperature, soil moisture, soil organic carbon, total N, soil bulk density, and soil pH) explained the temporal and spatial variation in soil greenhouse gas fluxes. Fluxes of greenhouse gases were measured using static chamber and gas chromatography techniques. Six static chambers were randomly installed in each tree species. Three chambers were randomly designated to measure the impacts of surface litter exclusion, and the remaining three were used as a control. Field measurements were conducted biweekly from May 2010 to April 2012. Soil CO2 emissions from all tree species were significantly affected by soil temperature, soil moisture, and their interaction. Driven by the seasonality of temperature and precipitation, soil CO2 emissions demonstrated a clear seasonal pattern, with fluxes significantly higher during the rainy season than during the dry season. Soil CH4 and N2O fluxes were not significantly correlated with soil temperature, soil moisture, or their interaction, and no significant seasonal differences were detected. Soil organic carbon and total N were significantly positively correlated with CO2 and N2O fluxes. Soil bulk density was significantly negatively correlated with CO2 and N2O fluxes. Soil pH was not correlated with CO2 and N2O emissions. Soil CH4 fluxes did not display pronounced dependency on soil organic carbon, total N, soil bulk density, and soil pH. Removal of surface litter significantly decreased in CO2 emissions and CH4 uptakes. Soils in six tree species acted as sinks for atmospheric CH4. With the exception of Ziziphus jujube, soils in all tree species acted as sinks for atmospheric N2O. Tree species had a significant effect on CO2 and N2O releases but not on CH4 uptake. The lower net global warming potential in natural regenerated vegetation suggested that natural regenerated vegetation were more desirable plant species in reducing global warming.

scholarly journals Soil greenhouse gas fluxes from different tree species on Taihang Mountain, North China

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 11037-11076 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. P. Liu ◽  
W. J. Zhang ◽  
C. S. Hu ◽  
X. G. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Total N ◽  
Gas Fluxes ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Fluxes ◽  
N2o Fluxes

Abstract. The objectives of this study were to investigate seasonal variation of greenhouse gas fluxes from soils on sites dominated by plantation (Robinia pseudoacacia, Punica granatum, and Ziziphus jujube) and natural regenerated forests (Vitex negundo var. heterophylla, Leptodermis oblonga, and Bothriochloa ischcemum), and to identify how tree species, litter exclusion, and soil properties (soil temperature, soil moisture, soil organic carbon, total N, soil bulk density, and soil pH) explained the temporal and spatial variance in soil greenhouse gas fluxes. Fluxes of greenhouse gases were measured using static chamber and gas chromatography techniques. Six static chambers were randomly installed in each tree species. Three chambers were randomly designated to measure the impacts of surface litter exclusion, and the remaining three were used as a control. Field measurements were conducted biweekly from May 2010 through April 2012. Soil CO2 emissions from all tree species were significantly affected by soil temperature, soil moisture, and their interaction. Driven by the seasonality of temperature and precipitation, soil CO2 emissions demonstrated a clear seasonal pattern, with fluxes significantly higher during the rainy season than during the dry season. Soil CH4 and N2O fluxes were not significantly correlated with soil temperature, soil moisture, or their interaction, and no significant seasonal differences were detected. Soil CO2 and N2O fluxes were significantly correlated with soil organic carbon, total N, and soil bulk density, while soil pH was not correlated with CO2 and N2O emissions. Soil CH4 fluxes did not display pronounced dependency on soil organic carbon, total N, soil bulk density, and soil pH. Removal of surface litter resulted in significant decreases in CO2 emissions and CH4 uptakes, but had no significant influence on N2O fluxes. Soils in six tree species acted as sinks for atmospheric CH4. With the exception of Ziziphus jujube, Soils in all sites acted as sinks for atmospheric N2O. Tree species had a significant effect on CO2 and N2O fluxes but not on CH4 uptake. The lower net global warming potential in natural regenerated vegetation suggested that natural regenerated vegetation were more desirable plant species in reducing global warming.

scholarly journals Comparative account of vitamin C contents, antioxidant properties and iron contents of minor fruits in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashini Imalsha Abeysuriya ◽  
Vajira P Bulugahapitiya ◽  
Loku Pullukkutige Jayatissa
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Dehydroascorbic Acid ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Melastoma Malabathricum ◽  
Ic50 Values

Sri Lanka is a habitat of diverse fruit varieties; nevertheless 95% of them are underutilized by people due to unawareness of their nutritional values and health aspects, and hence become ‘minor fruits’. This study was aimed on revealing vitamin C, iron and antioxidant contents of 29 varieties of minor fruits (MFs) with the comparison of the same with three best commonly consumable fruits (CFs), namely Carica papaya, Mangifera indica and Psidium guajava. Ascorbic acid (Asc), dehydroascorbic acid (DAsc), vitamin C (TC), phenolic (TP), flavonoid (TF), iron (Fe) contents and antioxidant capacities (AOCs) of fruits were determined using standard methods. The results of mean Asc, DAsc, TC, TP, TF and Fe contents in 100 gm of MFs ranged from 3.1 to 121.5 mg, 1.2 to 70.7 mg, 6.6 to 136.1 mg, 24.9 to 1613.3 mg Gallic acid equivalent, 6.2 to 228.0 mg Quercetin equivalents and 0.2 to 4.9 mg respectively. DPPH and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays were used for AOCs and variation of IC50 values in a DPPH assay was 1.2 to 245.4 mg/ml whereas FRAP values ranged from 9.6 to 486.7 ?mol FeSO4/gm. Among the studied minor fruits, Melastoma malabathricum (Maha bovitiya/ Malabar melastome) is found as the best respect to all considered parameters. As a conclusion, it can be stated that, the Sri Lankan minor fruits are good alternatives to the common fruits as they are recognized as good source of vitamin C, iron and higher content of antioxidants. As an outcome, Sri Lankan minor fruits can be promoted as alternatives to common fruits and as source of revenue for national economy.

Kretzschmaria cetrarioides. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Manilkara Zapota ◽  
Macadamia Integrifolia ◽  
Dead Branch

Abstract A description is provided for Kretzschmaria cetrarioides, a fungus with no known disease reported. Some information on its diagnostic features, biology and conservation status is given, along with details of its transmission, geographical distribution (Angola, Benin, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Mexico, Brazil (Mato Grosso, Rio Grande do Sul, Roraima), Colombia, Venezuela, China (Hainan), India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Vietnam, Australia (Queensland), Cuba, and Trinidad and Tobago) and hosts (Achras zapota [Manilkara zapota] (dead branch); Cynometra hankei; Elaeis guineensis; Hevea brasiliensis (trunk), Hevea sp. (dying tree); Macadamia integrifolia (root); Mangifera indica (fallen branch); Peltophorum adnatum (wood); Plantae indet. (trunk, wood); Pterocarpus soyauxii; Raphia vinifera (trunk); Scorodophloeus zenkeri; and Theobroma cacao (stump)).

Hudson River Fishes and their Environment

2006 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Hudson River ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Sediment Loading ◽  
Ecological Relationships ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
European Colonization ◽  
Tanning Industry

<em>Abstract.</em>—Using a combination of data sources and historic or contemporary accounts, we describe and document changes in the Hudson River watershed’s population size, agricultural and forested land uses, and the construction of dams, largely since the time of European colonization. Population within the watershed has grown from 230,000 at the time of the first census in 1790 to around 5 million today (not including parts of those boroughs of New York City outside the watershed, such as Queens). The watershed was almost entirely forested in 1609, with minor amounts of Indian agriculture. By 1880, approximately 68% of the watershed was farmland, but as soil productivity declined and industry created other jobs, much cleared land gradually reverted to secondary forest. Most land not in agriculture was forested and exploited first for lumber and tanbark and, later on, pulpwood for paper. The tanning industry existed from the 1700s, but reached its height in the mid-1800s, collapsing from a combination of resource (hemlock) exhaustion and market forces. Finally, available records list nearly 800 dams, ranging from 0.6 m to 213 m (Ashokan Reservoir) in height and with maximum storage of 1.07 km<sup>3</sup> (Sacandaga Reservoir), that were constructed from the early 18<sup>th</sup> century until 1993. The environmental legacies of these changes include effects on hydrology, soils, vegetation, biogeochemical cycling, sediment loading, and ecological relationships

scholarly journals A Comparison of Soil Compaction Associated with Four Ground-Based Harvesting Systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Bustos ◽  
Andrew Egan
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Group Selection ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Equipment Selection ◽  
Farm Tractor ◽  
Harvesting Systems

Abstract A study of soil compaction associated with four harvesting systems—a forwarder working with a mechanized harvester and a rubber-tired cable skidder, a farm tractor, and a bulldozer, each of them coupled with a chainsaw felling—was conducted in a group selection harvest of a mixed hardwood stand in Maine. The bulldozer system was associated with the highest percentage differences in soil bulk density measured in machine tracks (16.9%), trail centerlines (15.7%), and harvested group selection units (13.1%) versus adjacent untrafficked areas, whereas the forwarder system was associated with the lowest percentage differences in soil bulk density measured in machine tracks (3.5%), trail centerlines (1.2%), and harvested group selection units (6.3%) versus adjacent untrafficked areas. Results will help to inform loggers and foresters on equipment selection, harvest planning, and the conservation of forest soils and soil productivity.

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