scholarly journals Diet digestibility and performance of dairy cows supplemented with live yeast

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciene Lignani Bitencourt ◽  
José Ricardo Martins Silva ◽  
Bruno Menezes Lopes de Oliveira ◽  
Gilson Sebastião Dias Júnior ◽  
Fernanda Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Citrus Pulp ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Live Yeast

Dietary yeast supplementation may improve the digestive efficiency of ruminants, but responses depend on the yeast strain and the diet composition. Corn silage and citrus pulp are usual carbohydrate sources for dairy cows in southeast Brazil. This study evaluated the supplementation of dairy cows fedding on corn silage-citrus pulp-based diets with Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 (Lallemand SAS, Toulouse, France). Twenty multiparous, midlactation Holstein cows were assigned to two treatments in crossover design. Treatments were: live yeast on oyster meal capable of supplying a daily minimum of 1 × 10(10) CFU per cow or oyster meal top-dressed at 10 g to the morning meal. Diet contained (% of dry matter): 16.8% crude protein, 30.9% neutral detergent fiber, 43.9% corn silage, 2% tifton hay, 14.4% steam flaked corn, 16.9% citrus pulp and 21.7% soybean meal. Yeast supplementation increased daily yields of milk (29.4 vs. 28.5 kg, p = 0.11), protein (0.939 vs. 0.908 kg, p = 0.05), and lactose (1.294 vs. 1.241 kg, p = 0.06), but did not affect milk fat contents (p = 0.59). Daily dry matter intake was 21.4 with yeast and 20.7 kg for the control (p = 0.11). Total tract apparent digestibility of the neutral detergent fiber was 48.1% with yeast and 43.2% for the control (p = 0.08). There was a trend for increased intake of digestible organic matter with yeast supplementation (p = 0.07). The positive milk protein yield response to yeast supplementation may have resulted from the increased fiber digestibility, but the response mechanism could not be elucidated.

scholarly journals Intake and performance of confined bovine fed fresh or ensilaged sugar cane based diets and corn silage

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1095-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Chamon de Castro Menezes ◽  
Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho ◽  
Felipe Antunes Magalhães ◽  
Rilene Ferreira Diniz Valadares ◽  
Laura Franco Prados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
And Performance

It was evaluated intake, total apparent digestibility, performance and feeding behavior of bovine fed diets constituted of corn silage, crushed sugar cane given fresh or crushed and given 72 hours after storage, ensilaged sugar cane with or without 1% of calcium oxide and concentrate at the proportion of 1% of the body weight. It was used 35 bovines, distributed in a random block design, with 5 treatments and 6 repetitions. The animals were housed in collective stalls with troughs individualized by electronic gates. The animals fed diet with corn silage presented greater intake of all nutrients and greater total digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients, as well as greater weight gain and subcutaneous fat thickness. Animals fed diet with fresh sugar cane presented greater nutrient intake as well as better dry matter digestibility, ether extract and TDN content and a superior performance in relation to animals fed ensilaged sugar cane diets. Animals fed silage of sugar cane with calcium oxide presented greater digestibility of organic matter, NFC and content of TDN but they did not differ on performance in relation to the use of silage of sugar cane without calcium oxide. Intake and performance of animals did not change with or without storage of sugar cane. It was concluded that animals fed diets with corn silage present performances superior to the ones which are fed sugar cane based diets, and animals fed fresh sugar diet are superior to the animals fed diets with sugar cane silage.

COMPARISON OF MALE STERILE CORN AND REGULAR CORN AS SILAGE FOR DAIRY COWS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. BURGESS ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Relative Nutritive Value ◽  
Corn Hybrid

The relative nutritive value of male sterile corn silage (23.7% dry matter) and regular corn silage (26.5% dry matter) was determined with lactating dairy cows during three consecutive crop years. The regular corn hybrid had 25% of the kernels removed by black birds prior to harvesting. Grain was fed according to milk production (1 kg/2.75 kg milk) and silage was offered ad libitum as the only forage. Dry matter, soluble carbohydrate and insoluble nitrogen percentages were lower while crude protein and acid detergent fiber levels were higher in the male sterile corn silage. Apparent digestibilities of dry matter, nitrogen and energy determined with sheep were not different between silages. Silage dry matter intake and total dry matter intake were higher (P < 0.05) for cows fed regular corn silage in only one of the three trials. Actual milk, 4% fat-corrected milk yields and milk fat and protein percentages were not affected by silage treatment. Key words: Male sterile corn, silage, dairy cows

scholarly journals Assessing the nutritional value of agroindustrial co-products and feed through chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, and gas production technique

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Martins Olivo ◽  
Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos ◽  
Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo ◽  
Ranulfo Combuca da Silva Junior ◽  
Eduardo Souza Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Soybean Hulls ◽  
Citrus Pulp

Agroindustrial co-products are a viable alternative for use in animal nutrition. Tests were conducted using eight different types of co-products and feed to evaluate the chemical composition, in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber, and gas production by them. The co-products tested were: coffee hulls; pelleted citrus pulp; grape residue; soybean hulls; cottonseed; cassava foliage; and foods usually supplied to ruminants: corn silage and ground corn concentrate. Data of in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber were tested by analysis of variance using the least square method; the results of gas production were interpreted by a non-linear regression by the Gauss-Newton method; and the effects of treatments were evaluated by the Tukey’s test. The coefficients of in vitro digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber of co-products were different. Gas production was also different between co-products and feeds evaluated for the volume of gas produced from the fast and slow degradation fractions, degradation rate, bacterial colonization time, and the total volume of gas produced. The evaluated co-products exhibited greater in vitro dry matter digestibility compared to corn silage, except for cottonseed, grape residue, and cassava foliage. Co-products showed higher values of in vitro crude protein digestibility compared to corn silage, and a reduced in vitro digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, except for pelleted citrus pulp and soybean hulls. Corn silage produced larger volume of gas from the fast degradation fraction compared to the co-products and corn concentrate. Co-products analyzed had appropriate nutritional characteristics according to the techniques applied and can be included in ruminant diets. 

Comparison of selenium bioavailability in milk and serum in dairy cows fed different sources of organic selenium

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Barbé ◽  
E. Chevaux ◽  
M. Castex ◽  
G. Elcoso ◽  
A. Bach
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Selenium Bioavailability ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Different Sources

Context Selenium (Se) bioavailability is an important parameter to consider when supplementing trace minerals to optimise animal health and performance. Aims To assess the biological transfer of Se in milk and serum of three sources of organic Se in dairy cattle: two different pure selenomethionines (SM1, SM2) and Se-yeast (SY) containing selenomethionine, selenocysteine and other forms of organic Se. Methods Forty-five lactating Holstein dairy cows were randomly distributed in nine groups (three sources of organic Se supplemented at three doses: 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 ppm organic Se in addition to 0.3 ppm of inorganic Se) and the Se concentrations in milk and serum were analysed at different times over 34 days of supplementation. Dry matter intake, milk yield, as well as milk fat and protein contents were recorded daily for each cow. Selenium bioavailability in milk was assessed as the ratio between amount of Se secreted in milk and amount of Se consumed. Key results The lowest Se dose (0.1 ppm), independent of source, did not allow detection a different pattern of transfer into milk and serum, suggesting that at this level, the Se supplied was mainly used to cover the animal needs. Supplementing SY at 0.2 and 0.3 ppm resulted in the most consistent secretion of Se into milk, whereas SM2 was most effective at increasing serum Se concentrations. Conclusions At the supplementing doses of 0.2 and 0.3 ppm, SY elicits an increased transfer of Se into milk concentrations compared with SM1 and SM2, whereas SM2 induces the greatest increase in Se serum concentrations. Implications SY is more effective than SM1 and SM2 at increasing Se transfer into milk. Supplementation of SM2 induces a pattern of Se transfer into milk and serum that differs from the other Se sources suggesting a different metabolism of this particular Se source.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a high forage total mixed ration on the lactational performance of late lactation dairy cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Gadeken ◽  
D. P. Casper
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
High Forage

Abstract Dairy producers continuously ask questions challenging the paradigm of how much forage can be included in the ration to meet the nutrient requirements of lactating dairy cows to support milk production. The production and feeding of forages having both high dry matter digestibility (DMD) and neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFd) are needed to increase nutrient supply. Mid- to late-lactation lactating Holstein dairy cows were blocked by parity (10 primiparous and 10 multiparous), milk production (range 33.9 to 56.6; μ = 41.5 kg/d), and days in milk (DIM) (range 140 to 287; μ = 225 d) and randomly assigned within blocks to 1 of 2 rations based on medium forage (MF) or high forage (HF) inclusion rates. A forage blend consisting of 60% second cutting (2012) alfalfa haylage and 40% (2012) corn silage blended on a DM basis and then fed at either 60% (MF) or 80% (HF) of the ration DM. The alfalfa haylage DM (DMD = 75.7%) and NDF (NDFd = 55.7%) digestibility was above average, but corn silage (DMD = 72.9, NDFd = 52.3%, and starch = 32.1%) was average. The experimental design was a randomized completed block design with 4 continuous weeks for data collection preceded by a 1 wk covariate data collection period in which all cows were fed the MF ration. Cows were milked 3 times/d and milk weights recorded at each milking and milk samples were collected at each milking once weekly for analysis of milk composition. Rations were similar in crude protein (CP; 16.4%), starch (20.1%), acid detergent fiber (ADF; 21.8%), and NDF (34.1%) concentrations. Covariately adjusted milk production (28.1 and 24.1 kg/d for MF and HF, respectively) and 4% fat-corrected milk (FCM; 27.6 and 24.1 kg/d) were significantly reduced by feeding the HF ration compared with cows fed the MF ration, while milk fat (3.98 and 4.0%), milk protein (3.11 and 3.17%), milk lactose (4.81 and 4.77%), and milk solids-not-fat (8.87 and 8.77%) percentages were similar for cows fed both rations. Cows on the HF ration demonstrated a significant reduction in DMI and a trend for decreased body weight (BW) when compared with cows fed the MF ration. The forage nutrient digestibility was not adequate to support the milk production of mid- to late-lactation dairy cows when fed at 80% of the DM. The forage nutrient digestibility when fed at very high inclusion rate (80%) could not meet the nutrient requirements of mid- to late-lactation dairy cows.

The response of dairy cows of high genetic merit to increasing proportion of concentrate in the diet with a high and medium feed value silage

2001 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. FERRIS ◽  
F. J. GORDON ◽  
D. C. PATTERSON ◽  
D. J. KILPATRICK ◽  
C. S. MAYNE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
High Feed ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Concentrate Inclusion

Forty-eight high genetic merit Holstein/Friesian dairy cows with Predicted Transmitting Abilities for milk fat plus protein yield, calculated using 1995 as the base year (PTA95 fat plus protein), of 40·0 kg, were used in an eight treatment, two period (period length = 8 weeks) change-over design experiment. Diets were offered ad libitum in the form of a complete diet. Treatments comprised a high and medium feed value silage, with concentrates being incorporated into the diet at proportional inclusion rates of 0·10, 0·30, 0·50 and 0·70 of total dry matter with the high feed value silage, and at 0·32, 0·48, 0·64 and 0·80 of total dry matter with the medium feed value silage. The high feed value silage was produced from a primary regrowth herbage (regrowth interval of 33 days) which was wilted prior to ensiling, while the medium feed value silage was produced from a primary growth herbage harvested on 9 June 1995. The high and medium feed value silages had estimated metabolizable energy concentrations of 12·4 and 11·3 MJ/kg DM respectively. Animals commenced treatments after a mean post calving interval of 26 days.Irrespective of silage feed value, total dry matter intake and milk yield tended to increase with increasing proportion of concentrate in the diet. Milk protein concentrations increased to concentrate inputs of 0·50 and 0·64 of total DM with the high and medium feed value silages respectively, but decreased at the highest concentrate inclusion rates. Milk fat concentrations tended to decrease at higher concentrate inclusion rates. The milk yield responses to increasing proportion of concentrate in the diet have been described by a pair of significantly different equations: Y = 34·2−11·9×0·0101x and Y = 34·2−28·5×0·0101x for the high and medium feed value silages respectively (where Y = milk yield (kg/day) and x = concentrate proportion in the diet on a dry matter basis). Similarly, milk fat and milk protein yields for the two silage types have been described by pairs of significantly different equations. Using these milk yield response equations, it can be calculated that at a concentrate proportion in the diet of 0·32 total dry matter, an additional 3·7 kg of milk per day would be produced by offering the high, rather than the medium feed value silage, while at a concentrate proportion of 0·70 total dry matter, the milk yield benefit associated with the high feed value silage was reduced to 0·6 kg per day. Similarly, total dry matter intakes for animals offered the high feed value silage were 7·4 and 0·8 kg per day greater than for animals offered the medium feed value silage, at concentrate proportions in the diet of 0·32 and 0·70 total dry matter, respectively. These responses indicate that at low concentrate inclusion rates in the diet, silage feed value has a major influence on animal performance, while at higher concentrate inclusion rates, the importance of silage feed value is reduced.

Neutral detergent fiber concentration in corn silage influences dry matter intake, diet digestibility, and performance of Angus and Holstein steers2

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 841-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Tjardes ◽  
D. D. Buskirk ◽  
M. S. Allen ◽  
R. J. Tempelman ◽  
L. D. Bourquin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Fiber Concentration ◽  
And Performance

Relationships among macro-minerals, other selected serum markers of bone profile and milk components of dairy cows during late-lactation

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Mordak ◽  
Zbigniew Dobrzański ◽  
Robert Kupczyński
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Milk Components ◽  
Macro Mineral

AbstractTesting blood and milk parameters as well as analysing the relationships among these markers is very useful for monitoring the internal homeostasis and health in high-yielding dairy cows during various production periods. The aim of the study was to assess the correlations (relationships) among macro-minerals, such as calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), other selected bone profile markers, such as total protein (TP), albumin, activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) measured in serum and selected milk components such as number of somatic cells (SCC), colony-forming units (CFU), milk fat (MF), milk protein (MP), milk lactose (ML), dry matter (DM), non-fat dry matter (FDM) and milk production in late-lactation cows. Both blood and milk samples were collected from 11 clinically healthy milking cows during the late-lactation period. The cows were examined once a day for 3 consecutive days resulting in 33 sets of blood and milk samples for laboratory and statistical analysis. Significant correlations were observed between: Mg and MP, Mg and FDM, ALP and SCC, TP and SCC, TP and MP, TP and FDM, albumin and MP, albumin and FDM, P and Mg, Mg and albumin, and between TP and albumin. When monitoring macro-mineral homeostasis and mammary gland health, especially in intensively fed high-yielding dairy cows correlations between these markers should be considered. The revealed correlations can allow for deeper comparative laboratory diagnostics of homeostasis and can be especially useful for laboratory monitoring of the potential risk of subclinical macro-mineral deficiency in high-yielding dairy cows.

Digestibility of Nutrients as Influenced by Supplementation of Exogenous Fibrolytic Enzymes in Dry Non-pregnant Cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M, Lunagariya ◽  
R. S. Gupta ◽  
S. V. Shah ◽  
Y. G. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Fibrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract

The study was planned to evaluate the effect of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) supplementation for 56 days @ 240 mg/kg total mixed ration (TMR) on digestibility of dry matter and nutrients in dairy cows. Six dry non-pregnant cows were assigned in each treatment with and without EFE. The digestibility trial of seven days was conducted after 49 days of feeding. Dry matter and nutrients intake of cows was not influenced by EFE. The supplementation of EFE had improved digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, cellulose (p less than 0.01), as well as digestibility of nitrogen-free extract and acid detergent fiber, was also higher (pless than 0.05). The body weight gain of cows was higher on the supplementation of EFE in TMR. The study concluded that feeding exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (240 mg/kg) supplemented TMR improved digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, which was reflected as higher body weight gain in dry non-pregnant Gir and crossbred dairy cows.

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