scholarly journals OMASAL MORPHOLOGY OF DAIRY COWS FED WITH HIGH OR LOW GRAIN CONTENT DIET PRIOR PARTURITION

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-592
Author(s):  
Danilo de Oliveira Rocha Bhering Santoro ◽  
João Chrysostomo Resende Júnior ◽  
Ronaldo Francisco de Lima ◽  
João Luiz Pratti Daniel ◽  
Matheus Balduíno Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Morphological Response

ABSTRACT Little is known about the morphological response of the omasum in dairy cows that consume a high-energy diet pre-partum. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a transitional diet with high grain content is able to induce changes in omasum morphology. Six weeks before the expected calving, four Holstein cows were fed a standardization diet, and four weeks before delivery, the cows were fed a diet with high grain content (HGC) or low (LGC) grain content. After calving, all of the cows were fed a high energy lactation diet. The cows that were fed the HGC diet pre-partum had higher dry matter and nutrient intake than the cows that were fed the LGC diet. The mitotic index of the omasum epithelium was higher than the mitotic index in the rumen, but apparently the response to the diet stimuli was slower. In the cows that were fed the HGC diet, the omasum papillae were taller one week before parturition and two weeks post-partum. Cows that were fed the HGC diet had a thinner epithelium due to thinner non-keratinized layers of the omasum epithelium. We conclude that the omasum mucosa of dairy cows responds to the stimuli of a pre-partum HGC diet, which was indicated by the greater height of the omasum papillae and by the reduced thickness of the omasum epithelium. It seems that the mitotic index responds a little more slowly, but the response to the diet stimuli is stronger in the omasum epithelium than in the rumen.

Effects of prepartal body condition score and peripartal energy supply of dairy cows on postpartal lipolysis, energy balance and ketogenesis: an animal model to investigate subclinical ketosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Schulz ◽  
Jana Frahm ◽  
Ulrich Meyer ◽  
Susanne Kersten ◽  
Dania Reiche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Energy Group ◽  
Condition Score

Subclinical ketosis is a metabolic disorder which often goes undiagnosed and leads to constricted performance and an impairment of general condition. In the current study subclinical ketosis was characterised by a β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration of >1·2 mmol/l in blood serum. To generate this metabolic situation, an animal model was created. The model, based on group-specific interaction of dietary energy supply and body condition, is appropriate for testing the medical effectiveness of treating this kind of ketosis and its concomitants. During the trial, 18 dairy cows (primiparous and pluriparous) were assigned, according to their body condition score (BCS) 6 weeks before expected parturition, to a normal [6·78 MJ net energy for lactation (NEL)/kg dry matter; 20% concentrate] or to a high-energy feeding group (7·71 MJ NEL/kg dry matter; 60% concentrate). Therefore cows with the highest BCS were allocated to the high-energy group to enhance the contrast with the control group. Statistical analysis was done using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Effects were declared significant when P-values were ⩽0·05. Owing to the higher energy concentration and dry matter intake, the energy intake and balance was significantly higher in the high-energy feeding group, with strong effects on lipid metabolism and health in blood and liver post partum. Within the first 2 weeks after calving, 8 out of 9 cows (89%) of the high-energy group had BHB values indicative of subclinical ketosis. These cows also had significantly higher values of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), aspartate transaminase (AST) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) post partum, as well as a raised total lipid content of the liver. RQUICKI, a calculated parameter which is based on serum concentrations of glucose, insulin and NEFA to assess the insulin sensitivity, was not affected by treatment. Therefore, RQUICKI does not seem to be the right parameter for diagnosing decreased insulin sensitivity in cows affected by subclinical ketosis. The milk fat and the fat:protein ratio of the high-energy group was also higher, even though there was no decrease in milk yield for cows with subclinical BHB values.

scholarly journals Feed Composition Analysis and Reproductive Status of Dairy Cows Raised in Yogyakart

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.29) ◽  
pp. 457
Author(s):  
Mohammad Firdaus Hudaya ◽  
Diah Tri Widayati ◽  
Budi Prasetyo Widyobroto ◽  
Cuk Tri Noviandi
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Local Farmer

The objective of this study was to determine the content of the feed given and reproductive status of each animal and its effect on reproduction performance in early lactation dairy cows. Seven early lactation of Friesian Holstein cows were used from local farmer. The observed variable were feedstuff from local farmer and reproductive status (post partum estrous and service per conception). The results of proximat and van soest analysis from feedstuff consist of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and concentrate feed from feed mill. The elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) was contained of dry matter (DM) 86.27%, Ash 18.63%, extract eter (EE) 3.84%, crude fiber (CF) 30.62%, crude protein (CP) 13.05%, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) 73.73% and acid detergent fiber (ADF) 45.31%. Concentrates feed was contained of dry matter (DM) 89.24%, Ash 15.36%, extract eter (EE) 5.37%, crude fiber (CF) 17.11%, crude protein (CP) 12.76%, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) 58.23% and acid detergent fiber (ADF) 19.20%. The results of reproductive parameters for post partum estrous (PPE) 121.43±16.672 days and service per conception (S/C) was 2.14±0.690. In conclusion the feedstuff were given less meet the requirement, and affecting the performance of reproduction.  

EFFECT OF SELENIUM SUPPLEMENTATION ON COPPER METABOLISM IN DAIRY COWS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1009-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. T. BUCKLEY ◽  
S. N. HUCKIN ◽  
L. J. FISHER ◽  
G. K. EIGENDORF
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Copper Metabolism ◽  
Selenium Supplementation ◽  
Holstein Cows

Eight Holstein cows were fed a diet supplemented with selenium at a subtoxic level (2.37 mg kg−1 dry matter), or the same diet without selenium supplementation (0.31 mg kg−1 dry matter), for 276 d of lactation. Copper-65, a stable isotope, was administered intravenously after 14 d of adaptation to the diets, and samples of milk, blood and liver were obtained at intervals throughout the trial. The effect of selenium supplementation on copper metabolism of the cows was evaluated by determining concentrations of copper in plasma, milk and liver, by determining the activities of ferroxidase in plasma and superoxide dismutase in erythrocytes and by determining the pattern of dilution of the copper-65 tracer in plasma, milk and liver. No effect of selenium supplementation on any of the parameters of copper metabolism was observed. It was concluded that an interaction between copper and selenium did not occur under the conditions imposed in this study. Key words: Copper, selenium, interaction, dairy cows, copper stable isotope

scholarly journals Effects of Pre-Calving Body Condition and Different post partum Concentrate Feed Proportions on Immune-Associated and Hematological Parameters in Pluriparous Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2251
Author(s):  
Katharina Bünemann ◽  
Jana Frahm ◽  
Susanne Kersten ◽  
Liane Hüther ◽  
Ulrich Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Cell Phenotypes ◽  
Matter Basis ◽  
Body Condition Scores

The present study aimed at evaluating the influences of different concentrate feed proportions in the ration offered to dairy cows post partum with different body condition scores (BCS) before calving. Therefore, 60 pluriparous cows were divided 42 days before expected calving into two groups with a higher or an adequate BCS. After calving, both groups were further subdivided into a group fed a ration with either a low concentrate feed proportion (C, 35% at dry matter basis) or a high (60% at dry matter basis) one. It was hypothesized that different BCS would lead to different reactions concerning varying concentrate feed proportions. Isolated BCS effects were detected in the white blood profile only before calving. Neither low nor high concentrate feed proportions affected hematological, blood immune cell phenotypes and inflammatory markers consistently irrespective of BCS group. It was concluded, that the assessed BCS span covered a range in which the capability of cows to cope with different dietary post partum energy supply remained unchanged.

The effect of body condition of dairy cows at calving on their food intake and performance when given complete diets

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Garnsworthy ◽  
J. H. Topps
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

ABSTRACTIn two trials, three groups of eight dairy cows were fed for 2 months before calving to achieve condition scores at calving of 1·5 to 2 (low), 2·5 to 3 (medium) and 3·5 to 4 (high). For 16 weeks after calving, all cows were given a complete diet composed of silage, malt distillers' grains, barley, swedes and soya bean meal (metabolizable energy 12·25 and 12·35 MJ/kg dry matter in trials 1 and 2 respectively).In both trials, significant differences were found between groups in dry-matter intake after calving. Cows that had higher condition scores at calving ate less and reached maximum intake of dry matter later than cows with lower condition scores (high, medium and low condition-score cattle attained maximum intakes in 14·5, 12·7 and 9·3 weeks in trial 1, and in 141, 9·6 and 7·9 weeks in trial 2). In trial 1, no difference was found in milk yield but, in trial 2, cows that had lower condition scores at calving produced slightly more milk. In both trials, cows that had higher condition scores at calving lost more body weight and condition, over a longer period, and started to regain the losses later than cows with lower condition scores. The biological efficiencies of milk production (energy output/energy input) from 8 weeks before calving until 16 weeks after calving were 0·302, 0·299 and 0·295 in trial 1, and 0·312, 0·290 and 0·306 in trial 2, for the low, medium and high groups respectively.It was concluded that cows with lower condition scores at calving produced more milk directly from food rather than via body fat, were in positive energy balance earlier in lactation and over the total period were biologically more efficient than cows with higher condition scores. There appears to be no benefit from feeding cows to achieve a condition score greater than 1·5 to 2 at calving if high-energy complete diets are offered in early lactation.

EFFECT OF LEVEL OF ALFALFA PELLETS ON INTAKE OF EARLY AND LATE HARVESTED TIMOTHY SILAGES OF DIFFERENT DRY MATTER CONTENT BY DAIRY COWS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. BURGESS ◽  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
E. A. GRANT
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Timothy Grass ◽  
Ad Libitum

Two experiments were carried out, using 36 lactating Holstein cows, to determine the effect of three levels (0, 4.5 and 9.0 kg/day) of alfalfa pellets (AP) on the ad libitum consumption of early and late harvested timothy grass silages of different dry matter (DM) content. Cows consumed significantly more wilted than nonwilted silage DM for both the early and late harvested grass, although milk yields were similar for both groups. For the early harvested, wilted and nonwilted silages, feeding AP did not significantly depress silage DM intake until a level of 9.0 kg/day was reached. Total ration DM intake increased significantly with each increment of AP. With the late harvested silages, AP at the 9.0 kg/day level reduced nonwilted silage DM intake while with the wilted silage each increase of AP significantly lowered silage DM intake. Both the 4.5 and 9.0 kg/day of AP increased total DM consumption with the nonwilted silage but 9.0 kg/day of AP was required to significantly increase total DM intake for cows fed the late harvested, wilted silage. Milk yield and milk composition were not changed by the level of AP supplementation or the type of silage fed.

The intake of Pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens, Stent.), under wet- and dry-season conditions in Trinidad

1961 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Butterworth ◽  
C. G. Groom ◽  
P. N. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Protein Concentrates ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Digestible Protein

The intake of dry matter from a pasture of Pangola grass by lactating dairy cows was measured. The chromic oxide administration technique was used. It was shown that the intake of dry matter was significantly higher in the dry season than in the wet. Reasons for this were discussed. An assessment of the nutrient intake of the animals was made and it was concluded that if the requirements of cattle in temperate climates was taken as a guide, this was adequate for at least maintenance and production of 1½ gal. per day of milk in the wet season. Under dry season conditions the intake of total digestible nutrients was adequate for the same level of production, but the digestible protein level was considerably below requirement. It was therefore concluded that supplementation with protein concentrates in the wet season was unnecessary save for high-yielding cows, but that all cows required concentrates during the dry season conditions of the experiment.

Effect of work applied at different stages of lactation on milk production, reproduction and live-weight change of F1 crossbred dairy cows used for draught

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Zerbini ◽  
Alemu Gebre Wold
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Natural Pasture

AbstractThis study examined whether work applied at different stages of lactation had any effect on reproduction of cows under two feeding regimes. Twenty-four F1 crossbred dairy cows (12 Friesian × Boran and 12 Simmental × Boran) were allocated one of two diets (H + 3: natural pasture hay + 3 kg concentrate per day; and H + 5: natural pasture hay + 5 kg concentrate per day) and one of three work treatments — starting 45 days (D45), 90 days (D90) and 135 days (D135) post partum — using a principal component analysis score based on milk yield, live weight, calving interval and parity. Cows pulled sledges for 50 days (pull = 108 N per 100 kg live weight). Over the experimental period of 315 days, cows on diet H + 5 travelled a similar distance and produced amounts of fat-corrected milk (FCM) similar to those of cows on diet H + 3. Total intake of dry matter per kg live weight 0·75 was higher for cows on diet H + 5 than for cows on diet H + 3 and was similar across work times. Hay dry-matter intake was greater for the H + 3 group than for the H + 5 group at 180 days post partum and thereafter. Cows on diet H + 5 lost less weight in early lactation and gained more in mid and late lactation than cows on diet H + 3. During the work period, live-weight change was similar across diets but it was different between work treatments D45 and D135. The interval from calving to conception decreased by 63 and 101 days when start of work was delayed from D45 to D90 and from D45 to D 135, respectively. Output/input ratios of metabolizable energy equivalents were 0·35 for H + 3 and 0·37 for H + 5 diet, and 0·34, 0·37 and 0·40 for work times D45, D90 and D135, respectively. These results indicate that work started in early lactation significantly increased days to conception and decreased overall productivity of lactating working cows. Farmers must weigh the relative importance and cost of delayed ploughing against those of delayed oestrus or against the cost of borrowing draught power.

Feeding high energy supplements to pasture-fed dairy cows. Effects of stage of lactation and level of supplement

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 927 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Stockdale ◽  
A Callaghan ◽  
TE Trigg
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Energy Supplements ◽  
Matter Basis

Five experiments were done in which stall-fed dairy cows were provided with a basal ration of pasture (6-7 kg DM) which was supplemented with varying amounts of a pelleted, high energy supplement (0-10 kg DM). Forty-seven cows at various stages of lactation were fed in this manner for up to 5 weeks. Responses to feeding the supplement depended on the stage of lactation at which the supplement was fed, and the amount of the supplement consumed. Marginal responses in milk production fell from 1.6 to 0.7 kg milk per kg supplement as lactation progressed, and as the level of feeding increased. Although responses in milk fat yield also decreased as lactation advanced, there was also a reduction in milk fat production when more than about 6 kg DM of supplement were fed. This was due to a severe depression in the fat content of the milk, which was found to be associated with intakes of diets with less than 250 g kg DM-1 neutral detergent fibre; diets with less than this level of fibre resulted in ratios of lipogenic to glucogenic volatile fatty acids in the rumen below 4:1. This occurred when the supplement constituted 0.4-0.5 of the diet on a dry matter basis. In addition, rumen ammonia levels were low when large amounts of supplement were fed. With all rumen characteristics, stage of lactation had no influence on values.

Measurement of endogenous fecal excretion and true absorption of selenium in dairy cows

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Koenig ◽  
J. A. Shelford ◽  
W. T. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Stable Isotope Ratios ◽  
Tracer Enrichment

A method combining balance techniques with an estimate of endogenous fecal selenium (Se) was evaluated as a measure of Se absorption in dairy cows. Endogenous fecal Se was estimated based on tracer enrichment in an index tissue (or fluid) that was assumed to represent enrichment of all endogenous sources of fecal Se. Two nonlactating Holstein cows fed a low-Se diet (0.035 mg Se kg−1 dry matter) were administered 4 mg Se-76, intraruminally, each day for 5 d (days 1–5). After a 10-d equilibration period, total collections of feces and urine were made at 24-h intervals for two 5-d periods (days 16–20 and days 21–25). On day 26 the animals were sacrificed and samples of all major tissues were collected. Samples were analyzed for total Se and Se stable isotope ratios. Selenium-76 enrichment was similar in tissues considered to be contributors to endogenous fecal Se, which supported the assumption that an index tissue could be used to estimate endogenous fecal excretion of Se. Endogenous fecal Se estimated from tracer enrichment in serum and liver was 22–36% of the total fecal Se excreted. True Se absorption was 10–16% of the daily Se intake. Key words: Selenium, stable isotope, tissue distribution, endogenous excretion, absorption, dairy cows

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