scholarly journals Comparative analysis of models for design of infiltration basins in unpaved roads

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 624-631
Author(s):  
Danilo P. da Silva ◽  
Fernando F. Pruski ◽  
José M. A. da Silva ◽  
Waldir D. M. Meireles Filho

Unpaved roads are of great importance for the economic and social development of a country. Water erosion provoked by the concentration of runoff along the road is a principle cause of its degradation. The construction of infiltration basins for runoff retention on unpaved roads is a usually alternative for the problem solution. The use of more coherent methodologies for designing infiltration basins is fundamental for the appropriate road degradation processes control. Therefore, the objective of this work was to perform a comparative analysis of a methodology for the design of infiltration basins that consider an intense rainfall associated to a determined return period, with a methodology that use all events of a determined precipitation series, and overlapping effects of their respective runoff volumes. According to the obtained results, it was found that the volume calculated for the infiltration basin by the model which considers all events of the precipitation series is greater when the rate of water infiltration into the soil at the basin bottom is lowest.

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Donizete Casarin ◽  
Eduardo Luiz de Oliveira

CONTROLE DE EROSÃO EM ESTRADAS RURAIS NÃO PAVIMENTADAS, UTILIZANDO SISTEMA DE TERRACEAMENTO COM GRADIENTE ASSOCIADO A BACIAS DE CAPTAÇÃO  Rui Donizete Casarin1; Eduardo Luiz de Oliveira21Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, [email protected] de Engenharia Civil, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Bauru, SP  1 RESUMO As estradas rurais de terra são estruturas viárias importantes para o desenvolvimento rural econômico e social da nação, sendo que a erosão provocada pelas águas das chuvas no seu leito e margens esta intimamente relacionada à má drenagem, tornando-se um dos principais fatores para sua degradação. Para que o sistema de drenagem funcione de forma adequada é necessário o conhecimento da erodibilidade, capacidade de infiltração de água no solo e adoção de práticas mecânicas de abatimentos de taludes com elevação do greide e interceptação de águas por meio de dispositivos de drenagem e captação. Neste artigo apresenta-se um modelo de drenagem por meio da construção de terraços embutidos com gradiente associados à bacia de captação em solos do tipo Argissolo Vermelho distrófico abrúptico de textura arenosa a média, com base em técnicas de abatimentos de taludes, elevando seu leito transversalmente das estradas com desviadores de fluxo. As frações granulométricas (areia, silte, argila) e a estabilidade de agregados indicam que esse solo sob ação antrópica pode apresentar processos erosivos resultando em escoamento superficial com arrastamento de solos, assoreando mananciais e cursos d’água localizados abaixo das estradas proporcionando grandes impactos ambientais nos corpos hídricos. A redução destes problemas de erosão nestas estradas de terra está na adoção de medidas que intercepte águas do próprio escoamento do seu leito, bem como as águas pluviais vindas de áreas adjacentes da contribuição, que são coletadas e conduzidas para terraços embutidos e bacias de captação. UNITERMOS: erosão em estradas rurais, infiltração de água no solo, práticas mecânicas de conservação de solo, contenção de águas pluviais.  CASARIN, R. D.; OLIVEIRA, E. L. CONTROL OF EROSION IN RURALUNPAVED ROADS UTILIZING A TERRACE  SYSTEM WITH GRADIENT ASSOCIATED TO CAPITATION BASIN  2 ABSTRACT             The agricultural unpaved roads are important road structures for the economic and social agricultural development of the Nation, and the erosion provoked by rain water in the road bed and sides are closely related to bad draining, one of the main factors for their degradation. In order to make the draining system adequate, it is necessary to know about  erodibility, infiltration capacity of water in the ground and adoption of mechanical slope abatement with grid elevation and water interception. This study presents  drainage model through the construction of terraces  with gradient  transversally associated to the capitation basin in  abruptic red dystrophic argisol soils, medium sandy texture, based on slops abatement  techniques, elevating the road bed and deviating flow. The grain sized fractions of this ground (sand, silt, clay) and the aggregate stability indicated that this ground, under anthropic action, presents erosive processes resulting in superficial draining with ground hauling, sanding sources and courses of water situation below roads, providing great environmental impacts in the hydric bodies. The reduction of erosion problems in these unpaved roads is in the adoption of measures that intercept waters from the draining of their stream bed itself, as well as pluvial waters comings from adjacent areas of contribution, that  are collected and conducted to inlaid terraces and capitation basis. KEYWORDS: erosion in agricultural roads, water infiltration in the soil, mechanical soil conservation practices, pluvial water containment.


Author(s):  
Oleksandra Cherednichenko ◽  

The results of the study of the main elements of unobstructed space are presented and the compliance of the actual state with the regulatory requirements of measures to ensure a safe, comfortable, accessible and informative pedestrian zone of the road network is analyzed. A comparative analysis of the main regulatory requirements for access ramps on the legislation of Ukraine and the European Union is carried out.


2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Michael W. Dunn ◽  
S. Noelle On

Minimizing costs and streamlining the construction of low-volume roads offers an opportunity for transportation agencies to effectively meet the needs of rural citizens. The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) maintains approximately 56,941 mi of the state’s roads, including Interstate, primary, and secondary facilities. Between 1987 and 1994, VDOT paved nearly 1,900 mi of unpaved roads. In rural parts of the state, many miles of state-maintained roads still have gravel and dirt surfaces. Each year the local transportation residency offices, in conjunction with local elected officials, contractors, and area citizens, strive to improve and pave as many miles of gravel and dirt roads as possible. The Hillsville Residency of VDOT, located in rural Carroll and Floyd Counties, has developed an efficient and cost-effective method for improving low-volume gravel and dirt roads. This process relies heavily on cooperative efforts by VDOT, contractors, elected officials, and especially citizens. Land donations from citizens represent the cornerstone of this process, signifying that citizen cooperation is the key factor in a project’s success. Because most of the decisions in the improvement process are at the local residency level, trusting relationships and frequent communication can be established, small-scale and local contractors are given more business opportunities, and local VDOT personnel can better understand citizen concerns and perform road improvements accordingly. In addition, the time line for the road improvement process is based on seasons—the most appropriate weather conditions are considered for the work being performed. This program enables more roads to be paved each year, improving the level of service and quality of life for local citizens.


Geofluids ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Wang ◽  
Ming Chang ◽  
Xiangyang Dou ◽  
Guochao Ma ◽  
Chenyuan Yang

Both the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008, and the Lushan earthquake on April 12, 2013, produced many coseismic landslides along the Nanya River in Shimian City. Subsequent debris flows that initiated from these landslides and are triggered by intense rainfall become the secondary hazard in the years after the earthquake; in particular, some debris flows led to a serious river blocking event. For example, the Guangyuanbao debris flow which occurred on July 04, 2013, partly blocked the Nanya River, presenting a major threat to the national highway and residential areas. To analyze the pattern of landslide damming, we analyzed numerical simulations of the movement characteristics of the Guangyuanbao debris flow using rainfall intensities with varying recurrence periods of 5, 20, and 50 years. The accuracy of the spreading of the numerical simulation is about 90%. The simulation indicated a small volume of sediment entering the river for a rainfall under 5-year return period. A debris flow induced by rainfall under 20-year return period partly blocked the river, while rainfall under 50-year return period has potential to block the river completely. This proposed analysis of river blocking induced by a debris flow could be used for disaster prevention in earthquake-stricken area.


2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Juszczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Leśniak ◽  
Krzysztof Zima

Abstract Conceptual cost estimation is important for construction projects. Either underestimation or overestimation of building raising cost may lead to failure of a project. In the paper authors present application of a multicriteria comparative analysis (MCA) in order to select factors influencing residential building raising cost. The aim of the analysis is to indicate key factors useful in conceptual cost estimation in the early design stage. Key factors are being investigated on basis of the elementary information about the function, form and structure of the building, and primary assumptions of technological and organizational solutions applied in construction process. The mentioned factors are considered as variables of the model which aim is to make possible conceptual cost estimation fast and with satisfying accuracy. The whole analysis included three steps: preliminary research, choice of a set of potential variables and reduction of this set to select the final set of variables. Multicriteria comparative analysis is applied in problem solution. Performed analysis allowed to select group of factors, defined well enough at the conceptual stage of the design process, to be used as a describing variables of the model.


2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Masetti ◽  
Daniele Pedretti ◽  
Alessandro Sorichetta ◽  
Stefania Stevenazzi ◽  
Federico Bacci

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Skudarnova ◽  
D. D. Razhivina

The article is devoted to the problems of interaction between customs authorities and participants in foreign economic activity, ways of developing the customs system and supporting business through the introduction of modern information technologies, a comparative analysis of key indicators of assessing the quality of customs services in accordance with the road map " 10 steps towards the business "and the indicators presented in the existing system for assessing the performance of customs bodies of Russia Federation.


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hosseiny Nassab ◽  
Esmaeil Zohdi

<p><em>The present study was a comparative analysis of ethics and human responsibility in Cormac McCarthy’s The Road and Doris Lessing’s The Grass is Singing. Emmanuel Levinas’s theory of ethics was used here for a better understanding of the sense of responsibility of characters and to see how they conform to ethical relationships with others. Based on Levinasian notions of face, moral responsibility and alterity, it is argued that responsibility is the basic tenet of McCarthy’s and Lessing’s novels which arises from face-t</em><em>o</em><em>-face encounter with an Other. However, the study proved that the father and the son as major characters in McCarthy’s novel stayed ethically good and preserved goodness in the apocalyptic world because they felt responsible towards each other as well as other strangers. On the contrary, Mary as the protagonist of Lessing The Grass is Singing was not an ethical character since she showed no concerns with responsibility and making moral relationships with other people. </em></p>


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Yahya Azura ◽  
Heny Purwanti ◽  
Wahyu Gendam Prakoso

A good road drainage system is needed to ensure that road user activities are not disrupted due to rain puddles. The cause of inundation that occurs is land use change, there is no drainage channel, the channel is not well connected, the channel is closed due to widening of the road without considering drainage channels. Given this, research needs to be carried out on the condition of the existing drainage system as a material consideration for evaluating its feasibility and planning a drainage system that is able to overcome the inundation that occurs. Writing this final project refers to primary data and secondary data that already exist. The rainfall data came from the Climatology and Geophysics Meteorological Agency, Balai Besar Region II, Bogor Regency, which is the Darmaga huajn rainfall measurement station and the PUPR Binamarga Office of Bogor Regency. Meanwhile, to find out the dimensions of the existing drainage channels obtained by conducting surveys and direct observation to the field. Data analysis which was carried out was hydrological and hydraulics analysis. Hydrological analysis includes the analysis of rainfall frequency, determining the repeat period, calculating the concentration time, analyzing the rainfall intensity, and calculating the flow flow plan. Based on the results of hydrological analyzes, the hydraulics analysis is then performed, such as calculating the plan channel profile and calculating the height of the planned channel guard. From all of these analyzes, the results of the drainage study on the Cigombong KM 16 - KM 23 highway were carried out, that is, the entire capacity of the existing canals was not able to accommodate the planned flow discharge for a return period of 2 years 5 years 50 years. In addition, the results of the analyzes that have been carried out show that the rain that occurs during a certain period of time and a certain return period greatly affects the planned drainage channel profile and is due to the large amount of garbage in the channel which affects the reservoirs in the drainage that often occur frequently


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