Fungsi Kearifan Lokal dalam Peribahasa Kulawi sebagai Penguat Karakter Etnik Kulawi:Kajian Semiotika

abstractLocal wisdom is one of the products of character strengthening development, both in the form of morals and ethics. Therefore, the meaning of local wisdom can be knitted and developed in shaping the nation's moral and ethical character. By raising the theme of the function of local wisdom in Kulawi proverbs as a reinforcement of the Kulawi ethnic character, this study aims to describe the functions and meanings contained in Kulawi proverbs that show local wisdom and cultural values. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method by describing and analyzing phenomena, events, social activities, attitudes and beliefs of individuals and groups. Furthermore, data collection through and analyzed based on Rolan Bhartes' semiotic elements. The results of the analysis show that the meaning of local wisdom contained in the Kulawi proverb is to elevate the morality of the Kulawi ethnic life and assert itself as a dignified community. The function of local wisdom in the Kulawi proverb is as a tool for controlling social norms, a means of communication and controlling society, as a means of education, and as a tool for maintaining the harmony of religious communities.Keywords: local wisdom, proverbs, ethnicity, culture AbstrakKearifan lokal merupakan salah satu produk pengembangan penguat karakter, baik berupa moral amaupun etika. Oleh karena itu, makna kearifan local dapat dirajut dan dikembangkan dalam membetuk karakter bangsa yang bermoral dan beretika. Dengan mengangkat tema fungsi kearifan lokal dalam peribahasa Kulawi sebagai penguat karakter etnik Kulawi, penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan fungsi dan makna yang terkandung dalam peribahasa bahasa Kulawi yang menunjukkan kearifan lokal dan nilai budaya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kualitatif dengan mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis fenomena, peristiwa, aktivitas sosial, sikap dan kepercayaan individual dan kelompok. Selanjutnya, pengumpulan data melalui dan dianalisis berdasarkan elemen semiotika Rolan Bhartes. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa makna keraifan local yang terdapat dalam peribahasa bahasa Kulawi yaitu meninggikan moralitas kehidupan etnik Kulawi serta menegaskan diri sebagai komunitas yang bermartabat. Adapun fungsi kerifan local dalam peribahasa Kulawi yaitu sebagai alat pengedali norma social, alat komunikasi dan pengedali masyarakat, sebagai sarana pendidikan, dan sebagai alat pemelihara ketrukunan ummat beragama.

Lear’s Subjectivity and Apotheosis

Ethically attuned readings of King Lear typically study, among other issues, Lear’s ethical revolution. More specifically, Shakespeare critics who have engaged with Levinasian treatments of this play often do not present a clear-cut account of Lear’s status with regard to the authentic encounter with the destitute yet commanding face of the Other, and the ineluctably intervening third party. Trying to unravel these complexities, I examine one of the possible reasons why ethical readers of King Lear equivocate when they study Lear and his ethical apotheosis. I will discuss Lear’s subjectivity and trace its gradual transition to a more heightened ethical awareness, but refuse to envision him as a perfect ethical character. Lear does improve significantly with regard to his relationship with the Other, but while he appears to temporarily touch a Levinasian standpoint, his subjectivity undergoes an apotheosis, eventuating in a deontological (perhaps pre-ontological) status which cannot reconcile itself with the presence of ‘the third party’. This, as I will discuss, is his ethical-political flaw which blocks a final recourse towards a probable reconciliation of the Other and the Third. Lear’s ethical awakening, I suggest, fails to reconcile with and restore justice.

The Importance of Community Understanding of Political Ethics and Culture in Developing A Democratic Political Culture in Indonesian Regions

The reformation initiated and marked by President Suharto's fall (21 May 1998) is essentially a demand to carry out democratization in all fields. In the Indonesian context, understanding ethics and political culture in the midst of demands for democratization in all fields is a necessity because the Indonesian nation is, in reality, a diverse nation, from the aspects of ethnicity, religion, race and inter-group (SARA), all of which obviously affect the pattern, style, ethical character, and political culture. This research aims to analyze the importance of the people’s understanding of ethics and political culture in developing a democratic political culture in Indonesian regions. The method used is normative legal research by analyzing norms in the Indonesian constitution, laws, and other legal sources. The result of this research us that the efforts to understand the society's political ethics and culture based on Pancasila in the current reformation era, especially in regional areas, are significant because the Indonesian nation is carrying out reforms in all fields which, of course, require the support of all elements of society to behave in ethical ways and uphold a Pancasila-based culture. Various efforts to form ethical behaviors and culture based on Pancasila should be immediately carried out by both the state and all Indonesian citizens. These efforts, in addition to education, training, workshops and seminars, should be associated with Pancasila ideology, the noble values of Pancasila should be included in every statutory regulation in Indonesia, and which is no less important and in fact the most important, is the examples set by leaders, both at local and national levels, so that democratization which is the ideal of the reformation can be achieved in accordance with the noble values of Pancasila.

El camino del filósofo. Husserl y el sentido de la ética

Las reflexiones de Husserl sobre la ética se caracterizan por el intento de hacer de ella una ciencia, pero terminan con la subordinación de los problemas éticos a la metafísica. Tomando como hilo conductor la reflexión husserliana sobre la ética en tanto Kunstlehre, el artículo intenta mostrar cómo el sentido y ámbito de la ética se van ampliando hasta el punto de que su subordinación a la metafísica responde al carácter ético que ha de tener la existencia del mundo y de la humanidad. Con este fin, seguimos el camino que va de la fundación estática de la ética de la primera lección de 1914 a la fundación genética de las lecciones de 1920/24 y terminamos con la consideración de dos textos del inicio de los años treinta en los que Husserl retoma la argumentación de estas últimas lecciones.Husserl’s meditations on ethics are characterized by his attempt to configure it as science, but they end by subordinating ethical problems to metaphysics. Starting by Husserl’s reflection on ethics as Kunstlehre, this paper attempts to show how the sense and scope of ethics expands to the point that its subordination to metaphysics responds to the ethical character that the world and humanity’s existence should both have. With this in view, this paper follows the path that leads from the static foundation of ethics in the first 1914 lessons, to its genetic foundation in the 1920/24 lessons. It concludes considering two texts from the beginning of the 1930’s, whereby Husserl deals again with the arguments of the latter lessons.

La pretenciosa educación en el Colegio Militar Leoncio Prado de La ciudad y los perros (1963).

en la novela La ciudad y los perros (1963), del escritor peruano mario Vargas Llosa, se muestra el desbalance que se genera en los cadetes del Colegio militar Leoncio Prado que se dedican a estudiar enfáticamente (como ocurre con el caso del esclavo): conduce a la envidia de quienes dominan poco alguna materia, además de que los maestros no apoyan su educación. un acontecimiento similar es cuando se origina lo opuesto: no se proyecta un buen porvenir en quien no estudia (caso del Jaguar). sin embargo, pasa algo particular con este protagonista: no necesitó ir a una cárcel luego de haber asesinado al esclavo para reflexionar sobre su vida, bastó con que se le brindara la oportunidad de aprovechar su existencia en hacer buenas obras para su reivindicación. esa posibilidad lo configura como un personaje más civilizado y ético. In the novel The Time of the Hero (1963), Peruvian writer mario Vargas Llosa, shows the imbalance that is generated in the cadets of the Leoncio Prado military academy that are dedicated to study emphatically (as in the case of the slave): it leads to the envy of those who dominate a few subjects, in addition to the fact that the teachers do not support their education. a similar event is when the opposite happens: no hope is seen in those who do not study (case of the Jaguar). However, something special happens with this protagonist: he did not need to go to a prison after having killed the Slave to reflect on his life, it was enough to be given the opportunity to take advantage of his existence in doing good works for his vindication. That possibility it configures him as a more civilized and ethical character.

Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles

The chapter examines the feminization of elite pagan men in Apocryphal Acts of Andrew. It argues that the ancient author constructs ascetic Christianity as the ideal realization of masculinity, whereby male and female converts control their passions and appetites. Simultaneously, elite pagan men are portrayed as appetitive, passionately emotional, and lacking self-control. Such ethical weakness was commonly thought to be characteristic of women. While attributing such ethical “femininity” to pagan men trades on ancient notions that women are prone to moral weakness, the author’s portrayal also dislodges ethical character from biological sex. Thus, men and women who take up Christianity in its ascetic forms are superior in ethics and gender, compared to those who reject ascetic Christianity.

Nie przeoczyć teraz – filozofia codzienności Janusza Korczaka

In this paper, I focus on one of the children’s rights, which Janusz Korczak raised in his writings, namely the child’s right to the present day, which I understand as a postulate to appreciate the dignity of a child in its everyday life. My aim in this paper is, therefore, not only to reconstruct and uncover the complexities of this postulate, but also to theoretically embed this concept in pedagogical narratives about the child, and more specifically in anthropology of education and upbringing. In order to achieve this aim, 1. I will describe two paths in thinking about the relationship between human beings and their culture, taking into account especially its temporal dimension. Then I will proceed to 2. the concept of children’s rights in Korczak’s understanding of the child subjectivity; in order to indicate 3. the radical and ethical character of message his thinking.

Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Sebagai Upaya Pembentukan Karakter Santri di Pondok Pesantren

AbstrakPenelitian ini berawal dengan adanya kecurigaan peneliti terhadap peran kajian bahasa Arab dalam pembentukan karakter santri di Pondok Pesantren dengan memotret kegiatan berbahasa Arab di Pondok Pesantren terutama pada Pondok Pesantren modern dan Pondok Pesantren konvensional (salafi). Fokus utama analisis adalah penggunaan bahasa Arab serta aktifitas berbahasa Arab baik di dalam maupun diluar kelas.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pembelajaran bahasa Arab dapat membantu pembentukan karakter santri secara berkesinambungan dengan ditopang oleh kehadiran sistem dan corak pembelajaran bahasa Arab di Pondok Pesantren. Corak dan sistem tersebut membentuk karakter santri, diantaranya karakter komunikatif, disiplin, relegius dan beretika, toleran dan bertanggungjawab, kemandirian dan percaya diri, serta penghargaan.Kata kunci: Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab, Pembentukan Karakter, Pondok PesantrenAbstractThis study began with the researchers' suspicion of the role of Arabic studies in shaping the character of students in the Islamic Boarding School by photographing Arabic activities in the Boarding School especially in modern Boarding School and conventional Boarding School (Salafi). The main focus of the analysis is the use of Arabic and Arabic language activities both inside and outside the classroom.The results showed that, learning Arabic could help the formation of the character of students in a sustainable manner supported by the presence of Arabic learning systems and patterns in Pondok Penatren. The patterns and systems form the character of the santri, including communicative, disciplined, religious and ethical character, tolerant and responsible, independence and confidence, and appreciation.Keywords: Learning Arabic, Forming Characters, Islamic Boarding Schools

Informed Consent in Research Involving Human Subjects

Informed consent (IC) in research is a key element in ensuring the ethical character of any research involving human subjects, either bio-medical or psychosocial. IC involves three elements: validity, communication of information, and deliberation. Obtaining IC is a dynamic process of ethical reflection in order to facilitate the expression of autonomy of the subject involved in research. The process of obtaining the IC must be accompanied by the administrative procedure for completing a consent form signed by both the participant and the researcher. If the participant cannot sign—either because he is a minor or because of the medical condition—a delegated consent signed by the legal representatives of the subject is required.