Prevalence of dementia among elderly Brazilians: a systematic review

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The rapid growth of the elderly population in Brazil has implied a significant rise in the number of individuals with dementia. The real prevalence of this disease needs to be ascertained in order to establish appropriate measures for improving the quality of life of those affected. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of dementia among elderly Brazilians (> 60 years) through a systematic review of high-quality, population-based, double-blind studies published between 1990 and 2010. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review of prevalence studies. The manuscript was produced in the School of Medicine, Universidade de Brasília. METHODS: Database searches for articles were conducted in Medline (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), Embase (Excerpta Medica database), Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and theses and dissertations, using specific keywords. Quality was assessed according to eight criteria for sampling and measurement of findings. RESULTS: Out of 112 articles identified, eleven were included in the qualitative synthesis. In five higher-quality studies from São Paulo, the prevalence rates ranged from 5.1 to 19.0%. No meta-analysis was presented because of heterogeneity among the studies. Poor, illiterate, female and very elderly individuals were the groups most affected. CONCLUSION: The findings from this review did not reflect the reality of the whole country. Although the results brought some information on the prevalence and distribution of dementia in Brazil, cross-sectional studies with consistent methodology are needed

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Associations of Sedentary Time with Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18168508 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (16) ◽

pp. 8508

Author(s):

Abdullah Bandar Alansare ◽

Lauren C. Bates ◽

Lee Stoner ◽

Christopher E. Kline ◽

Elizabeth Nagle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Heart Rate ◽

English Language ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Qualitative Synthesis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inverse Variance ◽

Observational Design ◽

Substantial Heterogeneity

Purpose: To evaluate if sedentary time (ST) is associated with heart rate (HR) and variability (HRV) in adults. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed and Google Scholar through June 2020. Inclusion criteria were observational design, humans, adults, English language, ST as the exposure, resting HR/HRV as the outcome, and (meta-analysis only) availability of the quantitative association with variability. After qualitative synthesis, meta-analysis used inverse variance heterogeneity models to estimate pooled associations. Results: Thirteen and eight articles met the criteria for the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. All studies were cross-sectional and few used gold standard ST or HRV assessment methodology. The qualitative synthesis suggested no associations between ST and HR/HRV. The meta-analysis found a significant association between ST and HR (β = 0.24 bpm per hour ST; CI: 0.10, 0.37) that was stronger in males (β = 0.36 bpm per hour ST; CI: 0.19, 0.53). Pooled associations between ST and HRV indices were non-significant (p > 0.05). Substantial heterogeneity was detected. Conclusions: The limited available evidence suggests an unfavorable but not clinically meaningful association between ST and HR, but no association with HRV. Future longitudinal studies assessing ST with thigh-based monitoring and HRV with electrocardiogram are needed.

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Prevalence of epilepsy in autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Autism ◽

10.1177/13623613211045029 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 136236132110450

Author(s):

Xian Liu ◽

Xin Sun ◽

Caihong Sun ◽

Mingyang Zou ◽

Yiru Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Development Index ◽

Pooled Prevalence

The literature from inception to 2020 on the prevalence of epilepsy in autistic individuals was systematically reviewed and further explored by subgroup analyses and meta-regression models. This systematic review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020179725). A total of 66 studies from 53 articles were included. The updated pooled prevalence of epilepsy in autistic individuals was 10% (95% CI: 6–14). The respective prevalence estimate of epilepsy was 19% (95% CI: 6–35) in the clinical sample-based cross-sectional study, 7% (95% CI: 3–11) in the cohort study, and 9% (95% CI: 5–15) in the population-based cross-sectional study. The pooled prevalence of epilepsy was 7% (95% CI: 4–11) in autistic children and 19% (95% CI: 14–24) in autistic adults. Compared to the school-aged group, the adolescence group (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06–1.25) and the pre-school group (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.94–1.19) were positively associated with the prevalence of epilepsy. The moderators of age, human development index of the country, gender, and intellectual function accounted for most of the heterogeneity. The prevalence estimates were associated with age, female gender, intellectual disability rate, and the human development index of countries. About 1/10 autistic individuals co-occurred with epilepsy, which was common in the clinical setting, adolescents, adults, females, or patients with intellectual disability, and less common in the country with high human development index. Lay abstract Autistic individuals experience higher co-occurring medical conditions than the general population, and yet the estimates of autistic individuals with epilepsy are not updated. Co-occurrence of epilepsy in autistic individuals often aggravated cognitive impairment and increased the risk of poor long-term prognosis. Thus, an updated systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to study the relevant articles published from inception to 2020, evaluate the prevalence of epilepsy in autistic individuals, and further explore the putative factors influencing the prevalence. A total of 66 studies from 53 articles were included in this study. The results showed that epilepsy is more common in autistic individuals than in the general population. The prevalence of epilepsy in autistic individuals in the clinical sample-based studies was higher than that in the population-based based cross-sectional or cohort studies. The prevalence of epilepsy in autistic adults was higher than that in autistic children. A significantly increased prevalence of epilepsy was detected in the autistic adolescent group (11–17 years old), and a higher trend of prevalence of epilepsy was observed in the autistic pre-school group (⩽ 6 -years-old) than that of the autistic school-aged group (7–10 years-old). The prevalence of epilepsy increased with age, female rate, and low intellectual function rate of autistic individuals. However, the human development index of countries was negatively associated with the pooled prevalence, which could be attributed to the different levels of awareness, diagnostic technologies, and autism-service support worldwide. About 1/10 autistic individuals also had epilepsy, which was common in the clinical setting, adolescents, adults, females, or patients with intellectual disability and less common in the country with high human development index. Thus, these findings provided critical and innovative views on the prevalence of epilepsy in autistic individuals and contributed to the targeted clinical management and preventive measures.

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Prevalence of smoking in adults with spinal cord stimulators: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine ◽

10.1136/rapm-2019-100996 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 214-218

Author(s):

W Michael Hooten ◽

Rajat N Moman ◽

Jodie Dvorkin ◽

E Morgan Pollard ◽

Robalee Wonderman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Spinal Cord ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Vascular Diseases ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Future Research ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Studies ◽

Pooled Prevalence

BackgroundSmoking adversely impacts pain-related outcomes of spinal cord stimulation (SCS). However, the proportion of SCS patients at risk of worse outcomes is limited by an incomplete knowledge of smoking prevalence in this population. Thus, the primary aim of this systematic review is to determine the prevalence of smoking in adults with chronic pain treated with SCS.MethodsA comprehensive search of databases from 1 January 1980 to 3 January 2019 was conducted. Eligible study designs included (1) randomized trials; (2) prospective and retrospective cohort studies; and (3) cross-sectional studies. The risk of bias was assessed using a tool specifically developed for prevalence studies. A total of 1619 records were screened, 19 studies met inclusion criteria, and the total number of participants was 10 838.ResultsThirteen studies had low or moderate risk of bias, and six had a high risk of bias. All 19 studies reported smoking status and the pooled prevalence was 38% (95% CI 30% to 47%). The pooled prevalence in 6 studies of peripheral vascular diseases was 56% (95% CI 42% to 69%), the pooled prevalence of smoking in 11 studies of lumbar spine diagnoses was 28% (95% CI 20% to 36%) and the pooled prevalence in 2 studies of refractory angina was 44% (95% CI 31% to 58%).ConclusionsThe estimated prevalence of smoking in SCS patients is 2.5 times greater than the general population. Future research should focus on development, testing and deployment of tailored smoking cessation treatments for SCS patients.

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Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Its Associated Unfavorable Outcomes in Patients With Acute Respiratory Syndromes Due to Coronaviruses Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Clinical Medicine Insights Endocrinology and Diabetes ◽

10.1177/1179551420962495 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 117955142096249

Author(s):

Isabel Pinedo-Torres ◽

Magaly Flores-Fernández ◽

Marlon Yovera-Aldana ◽

Claudia Gutierrez-Ortiz ◽

Paolo Zegarra-Lizana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

Pooled Analysis ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Treatment Regimens ◽

Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction: Only 3 types of coronavirus cause aggressive respiratory disease in humans (MERS-Cov, SARS-Cov-1, and SARS-Cov-2). It has been reported higher infection rates and severe manifestations (ICU admission, need for mechanical ventilation, and death) in patients with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (DM). For this reason, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of diabetes comorbidity and its associated unfavorable health outcomes in patients with acute respiratory syndromes for coronavirus disease according to virus types. Methods: Systematic review of literature in Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scielo until April of 2020. We included cohort and cross-sectional studies with no restriction by language or geographical zone. The selection and extraction were undertaken by 2 reviewers, independently. The study quality was evaluated with Loney’s instrument and data were synthesized by random effects model meta-analysis. The heterogeneity was quantified using an I2 statistic. Funnel plot, Egger, and Begg tests were used to evaluate publication biases, and subgroups and sensitivity analyses were performed. Finally, we used the GRADE approach to assess the evidence certainty (PROSPERO: CRD42020178049). Results: We conducted the pooled analysis of 28 studies (n = 5960). The prevalence analysis according to virus type were 451.9 diabetes cases per 1000 infected patients (95% CI: 356.74-548.78; I2 = 89.71%) in MERS-Cov; 90.38 per 1000 (95% CI: 67.17-118.38) in SARS-Cov-1; and 100.42 per 1000 (95% CI: 77.85, 125.26 I2 = 67.94%) in SARS-Cov-2. The mortality rate were 36%, 6%, 10% and for MERS-Cov, SARS-Cov-1, and SARS-Cov-2, respectively. Due to the high risk of bias (75% of studies had very low quality), high heterogeneity ( I2 higher than 60%), and publication bias (for MERS-Cov studies), we down rate the certainty to very low. Conclusion: The prevalence of DM in patients with acute respiratory syndrome due to coronaviruses is high, predominantly with MERS-Cov infection. The unfavorable health outcomes are frequent in this subset of patients. Well-powered and population-based studies are needed, including detailed DM clinical profile (such as glycemic control, DM complications, and treatment regimens), comorbidities, and SARS-Cov-2 evolution to reevaluate the worldwide prevalence of this comorbidity and to typify clinical phenotypes with differential risk within the subpopulation of DM patients.

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Gender differences in the prevalence of household food insecurity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980016002925 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 902-916 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Natália Miranda Jung ◽

Fernanda Souza de Bairros ◽

Marcos Pascoal Pattussi ◽

Sílvia Pauli ◽

Marilda Borges Neutzling

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Subgroup Analysis ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Population Based ◽

Household Food Insecurity ◽

Prevalence Studies ◽

Household Food

AbstractObjectiveThe present review aimed to identify and synthesize literature on household food insecurity with respect to whether the respondent was male or female.DesignA systematic review of prevalence studies followed by a meta-analysis was conducted between 28 August 2014 and 19 October 2014 in seven electronic databases. The search was updated in April 2016. The included studies used experience-based measures to assess household food insecurity. Dichotomous measures of food insecurity were used. Pooled odds ratios of household food insecurity prevalence in women v. men were obtained through random-effect modelling. Quality assessment, publication bias diagnostics and subgroup analysis were also performed.SettingPopulation-based studies (i.e. non-clinical populations).SubjectsParticipants aged 18 years or over.ResultsOut of the 5145 articles initially identified, forty-two studies with a total population of 233 153 were included. In general, results showed that the odds for household food insecurity was 40 % higher in studies where women were the respondent (95 % CI 1·27, 1·54; P<0·001). Besides, subgroup analysis revealed that female-headed households were 75% (95 % CI 49–96%) more likely to be food insecure than male-headed households.ConclusionsOur results confirm the existence of gender differences in reporting household food insecurity. Furthermore, they indicate that households headed by women constitute a segment of the population that is particularly vulnerable to food insecurity.

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Dental caries among the elderly in Iran: a meta-analysis

10.1101/2020.07.24.20161299 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shervan Shoaee ◽

Farshad Sharifi ◽

Pooneh Ghavidel Parsa ◽

Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Health Surveys ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Elderly ◽

Missing Teeth ◽

Cross Sectional

Objectives: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on dental caries among the elderly in Iran. Background: The prevalence of dental caries among elderly is high worldwide, and the major burden of oral diseases is caused by dental caries. Methods: Systematic review of the published and grey literature performed. Six international and local databases used to provide the most comprehensive population-based studies. National oral health surveys, as well as national disease and health surveys considered as other primary sources of data. Quality of remained studies was assessed by a modified tool designed based on STROBE statement checklist to evaluate the cross-sectional studies. The target population was 65+-year-olds Iranian population. Results: Overall, 917 English articles who those reported dental caries among all age groups were found in international databases and 2138 Persian articles were found in Iranian databases. After quality assessment, and excluding other age groups, 46 points of data with 10411 aged people ≥ 65 years, were included in the meta-analysis. Mean pooled decayed, missing, and filled teeth among the elderly was 26.84 (26.41-27.28). This index was 26.78 (26.12-27.43) in women and 26.91 (26.32-27.50) in men. Mean number of decayed teeth was 1.48 (1.32-1.65). Mean pooled missing teeth was 24.83 (24.20-25.46), and mean pooled filled teeth was 0.14 (0.12-0.17). The majority (92%) of DMFT was related to missing teeth. Conclusion: Dental caries has a very high burden on the oral health of the elderly in Iran, mainly responded by tooth extraction.

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Prevalence of ‘pouch failure’ of the ileoanal pouch in ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

International Journal of Colorectal Disease ◽

10.1007/s00384-021-04067-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zaid Alsafi ◽

Alice Snell ◽

Jonathan P. Segal

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Ileoanal Pouch ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pouch Failure ◽

Bowel Continuity ◽

Redo Pouch

Abstract Background and aims The ileoanal pouch (IPAA) provides patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) that have not responded to medical therapy an option to retain bowel continuity and defecate without the need for a long-term stoma. Despite good functional outcomes, some pouches fail, requiring permanent diversion, pouchectomy, or a redo pouch. The incidence of pouch failure ranges between 2 and 15% in the literature. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to define the prevalence of pouch failure in patients with UC who have undergone IPAA using population-based studies. Methods We searched Embase, Embase classic and PubMed from 1978 to 31st of May 2021 to identify cross-sectional studies that reported the prevalence of pouch failure in adults (≥ 18 years of age) who underwent IPAA for UC. Results Twenty-six studies comprising 23,389 patients were analysed. With < 5 years of follow-up, the prevalence of pouch failure was 5% (95%CI 3–10%). With ≥ 5 but < 10 years of follow-up, the prevalence was 5% (95%CI 4–7%). This increased to 9% (95%CI 7–16%) with ≥ 10 years of follow-up. The overall prevalence of pouch failure was 6% (95%CI 5–8%). Conclusions The overall prevalence of pouch failure in patients over the age of 18 who have undergone restorative proctocolectomy in UC is 6%. These data are important for counselling patients considering this operation. Importantly, for those patients with UC being considered for a pouch, their disease course has often resulted in both physical and psychological morbidity and hence providing accurate expectations for these patients is vital.

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Prevalence and correlates of loneliness in India: A systematic review

10.31235/osf.io/x4ctz ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Md Mahbub Hossain ◽

Neetu Purohit ◽

Nusrat Khan ◽

E. Lisako J. McKyer ◽

Ping Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

English Language ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

The Elderly ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Prevalence Studies ◽

Factors Associated

Introduction: Loneliness is a critical psychosocial problem that affects mental health and wellbeing of the individuals and communities. This systematic review synthesized the current evidence on the prevalence and correlates of loneliness from empirical studies conducted in India.Methods: Adopting the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, eight major databases and additional sources were searched. Studies were evaluated using following criteria: peer-reviewed journal articles, published in English language, presenting any quantitative form of evidence on loneliness, and studies conducted in India among the Indian population. A meta-analysis of the prevalence studies and narrative synthesis of the overall status and factors associated with loneliness were conducted.Results: Among 1290 studies, only 13 met our criteria. All the studies reported a high burden of loneliness among the participants. The pooled prevalence among 3169 participants was 41% (95% confidence interval [CI] 18% - 63%). The burden of loneliness was higher among the elderly participants (44%, 95% CI 5% - 83%) compared to younger participants (24%, 95% CI 22% - 27%). Factors associated with loneliness included aging, family structure, marital status, religious practices, group membership, educational attainment, source and level of income, psychological attributes, and comorbid physical and mental health conditions among the affected individuals. Conclusion: This review identified and evaluated the status and severity of loneliness and its correlates, which may inform future studies examining complex psychopathological and social dynamics associated with loneliness. Lastly, the current evidence necessitates the development of multipronged interventions to address the risk factors and alleviate the burden of loneliness in India.

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Social and Economic Factors and Malnutrition or the Risk of Malnutrition in the Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12030737 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 737 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Maria Besora-Moreno ◽

Elisabet Llauradó ◽

Lucia Tarro ◽

Rosa Solà

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Socioeconomic Factors ◽

Low Income ◽

Educational Level ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

The Elderly ◽

Living Alone ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Food Expenditure

Malnutrition in the elderly could be tackled by addressing socioeconomic factors. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of the relationship between socioeconomic factors and the malnutrition or malnutrition risk (MR) in the elderly. The PubMed and SCOPUS databases were searched for observational studies that included assessment of malnutrition or/and MR and socioeconomic variables (educational level, living alone, marital status, income and occupational level, feeling of loneliness, place of residence, and food expenditure) in ≥60-year-old subjects, published in English among 2000–2018 (PROSPERO: CRD42019137097). The systematic review included 40 observational studies (34 cross-sectional and 4 cohort studies) and 16 cross-sectional studies in the meta-analysis (34,703 individuals) of malnutrition and MR in relation to low educational level (Odds Ratio (OR): 1.48; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.33–1.64; p < 0.001), living alone (OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.73–2.14; p < 0.001), being single, widowed, or divorced (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.57–1.90; p < 0.001), and low income level (OR: 2.69; 95% CI: 2.35–3.08; p < 0.001), and considering these four socioeconomic factors, malnutrition and MR is associated with them (OR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.73–1.93; p < 0.001). Malnutrition and MR could be reduced by increasing economic level, supporting people living alone or being single, widowed, and divorced, and improving lifelong learning.

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Association between eczema and major cardiovascular outcomes in population-based studies: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017979 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. e017979 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anna Ascott ◽

Ashley M Yu ◽

Morten Schmidt ◽

Katrina Abuabara ◽

Liam Smeeth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Cardiovascular Death ◽

Population Based ◽

Cardiovascular Outcomes ◽

Cross Sectional

IntroductionChronic inflammatory diseases such as eczema (also known as atopic dermatitis) have been inconsistently linked to cardiovascular disease and stroke in both mechanistic and epidemiological studies. There is a need to review the existing epidemiological data examining the association between eczema and major cardiovascular outcomes, including angina, myocardial infarction, coronary revascularisation, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, stroke and cardiovascular death, in order to improve our understanding of the comorbidities of eczema.Methods and analysisWe will systematically review population-based studies, including cohort, case–control and cross-sectional studies, reporting on the association between eczema and cardiovascular outcomes. We will search Medline, Embase and Global Health, from their date of inception to April 2017, using a comprehensive search strategy formulated with the help of a librarian. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts in duplicate, followed by independent data extraction and quality assessment. We will group studies by the cardiovascular outcome under study and synthesise them narratively. If sufficient numbers of homogeneous studies are returned, we will perform meta-analyses to obtain pooled effect estimates. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis will be used to inform the reporting of this study.Trial registration numberCRD42017060359.

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