Evaluation of feeding supply and forage cactus processing for lactation cows

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the manner in which diet is supplied and spineless cactus forage is processed on intake, nutrient digestibility, milk production and composition, concentration of plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) in the milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and production of microbial protein in Holstein cows in lactation. Eight cows (453 ± 75.8 kg) yielding 14 kg milk/day were allotted to a factorial design, with two manners of cactus processing (knife-chopped or forage machine) and two diet supplies (separate concentrate or total mixed ration). Intakes of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients were lower when cactus was knife-chopped. Digestibility, milk production and fat and protein yield did not change according to the manner diet was supplied neither by forage cactus processing. Average milk production was 14.8 kg/day for knife-chopped cactus and 14.6 kg/day for cactus chopped in forage machine and 14.8 kg/day when cactus was given in separate concentrate and 14.5 kg/day when it was given in total mixed ration. However, fat content was lower (36 g/kg) for knife-chopped cactus fed cows. Purine derivatives and concentrations of N-ureic were not influenced by the manner in which diet was supplied neither by the forage cactus processing. Means observed for efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (98.9 g/kg TDN), PUN concentrations (21.3 mg/dL) and MUN (18.2 mg/dL) were similar for cactus processing and for the manner in which diet was supplied. Forage-machine cactus processing improves dry matter intake and total mixed ration supply avoids selectivity.

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Replacement of raw soybean with roasted soybean increased milk production in Holstein cows

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20160002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gilson Sebastião Dias Júnior ◽

Vítor Augusto Silveira ◽

Ivan Júnior Ascari ◽

Renata Apocalypse Nogueira Pereira ◽

Marina de Arruda Camargo Danés ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Degradation Kinetics ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Production Performance ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Lower Protein ◽

Inclusion Level ◽

Improved Performance

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of total replacement of raw whole soybean (RAW) for roastedwhole soybean (ROS) on the production performance of Holstein cows. Two experiments were carried out usinga simple reversal design where RAW has been completely replaced by ROS. In experiment 1, 22 cows (175±60 days in milk)were used, and the dietary inclusion level of RAW or ROS was 3.7% of dry matter (DM). In experiment 2, 16 cows (130±50 days in milk)were used, and thedietary inclusion level of RAW or ROS was 11% of DM. In both experiments, ROS increased milk production by 1.1kgday-1 without changing fat and protein production. Dry matter intake or milk urea nitrogenwere not affected by dietary soy source. In experiment 2, plasma glucose concentration was decreased, and allantoin/creatinine ratio in urine tended to decreasein ROS. Experiment 2 also evaluated the nutrient digestibility and ruminal degradation kinetics of crude protein in two soybean sources. Roasting had no effect on the digestibility of DM, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber. Roasted whole soybean hadgreater fraction B and lower protein degradation rate than did RAW; this showed that heat treatment was effective in increasing therumen undegradable amino acid flowto the animal, which suggesteda potential mechanism of action for improved performance observed in ROS.

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Ruminal Ecology, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Milk Production in Lactating Dairy Cows Fed Glycerin-Based Diet: A Comparison Study on Chitosan Sources Supplementation

10.20944/preprints202011.0674.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anuthida Seankamsorn ◽

Anusorn Cherdthong ◽

Sarong So ◽

Metha Wanapat

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Control Group ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽

Lactating Dairy Cows ◽

Different Sources

The study compared the influence of chitosan sources on rumen fermentation, methane emission and milk production in lactating dairy cows fed a glycerin-based diet. Six, lactating Holstein-Frisian crossbreeds (410 ± 5.0 kg BW, 120 ± 21 day-in-milk), were arranged in a 3 x 3 replicated Latin square design. In addition to control, a 2% chitosan extract supplement and a 2% commercial chitosan supplement of dry matter intake were the treatments. The results denoted that no significant differences on daily dry matter, nutrients or estimated energy intake were noted when cows received different sources of chitosan. Nutrient digestibility was not influenced differently by extraction based or commercial chitosan supplements. The pH, temperature, ammonia nitrogen, blood urea and microbial count were similar among treatments. The different sources of chitosan supplements did not change the totals of volatile fatty acids, acetate and butyrate; in contrast, different chitosan sources influenced (P<0.05) propionate content. The ruminal acetate to propionate ratio was markedly (P<0.05) reduced with chitosan supplement, but no change appeared between sources of chitosan. At 4 hours after feeding, the methane estimation signiﬁcantly decreased with the addition of chitosan supplementation (P<0.05) compared to the control group. The purine derivatives and microbial protein synthesis were not altered by the treatments. No significant differences existed on milk yield, milk composition or milk urea nitrogen when cows received different sources of chitosan (P>0.05). In sum, supplementing extracted chitosan showed more potential than did commercial chitosan for enhancing economic efficiency and recycling shrimp residues, therefore, reducing environmental waste.

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Effect of Cellulase Enzyme Produced from Penicilliumchrysogenum on the Milk Production, Composition, Amino Acid, and Fatty Acid Profiles of Egyptian Buffaloes Fed a High-Forage Diet

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11113066 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 3066

Author(s):

Hossam H. Azzaz ◽

Ahmed M. Abd El Tawab ◽

Mostafa S. A. Khattab ◽

Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel ◽

Adam Cieślak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Acid Concentration ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Production Performance ◽

Cellulase Enzymes ◽

Total Mixed Ration ◽

Cellulase Enzyme ◽

Lactating Buffaloes

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of supplementing a cellulase enzymes cocktail to lactating buffaloes’ diet, on the nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility, and milk production performance and composition. Twenty-four lactating Egyptian buffaloes were assigned into one of the following treatments: CON—control consisted of a total mixed ration, CENZ—the total mixed ration supplemented by a commercial source of cellulase enzyme, FENZ—the total mixed ration supplemented with cellulase enzyme cocktail produced in-farm. Supplementing the diet with the in-farm source of cellulase (FENZ) had a significantly higher impact on crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber digestibility. However, FENZ tended to increase the EE digestibility compared to CENZ. FENZ showed significantly higher nutrient digestibility percentages compared to other groups. Supplementing the diet with cellulase enzymes (CON vs. ENZ) significantly increased the daily milk yield and the fat correct milk yield; both yields were significantly higher with FENZ than all groups. Oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid concentration were significantly higher with cellulase enzymes supplementation (CON vs. ENZ) and the conjugated linoleic acid concentration. Supplementing fungal cellulase enzyme produced on a farm-scale has improved milk productivity, fat yield, and milk fat unsaturated fatty acids profile in lactating buffaloes.

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Effects of Calcium Soaps from Palm, Canola and Safflower Oils on Dry Matter Intake, Nutrient Digestibility, Milk Production, and Milk Composition in Dairy Goats

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10101728 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1728 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez ◽

Lizbeth Esmeralda Robles-Jimenez ◽

Rafael Ayala-Hernández ◽

Jose Romero-Bernal ◽

Nazario Pescador-Salas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Gas Production ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Traditional Use

This study determined the effect of protected dietary oils on dry matter intake (DMI), digestibility and milk production in dairy goats. Nine Saanen goats were used in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three periods of 25 days. A basal diet based on barley hay and corn silage was supplemented with 2.7% DM of calcium soaps of either palm (PO), canola (CO) or safflower (SO) oils. Data for dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility and milk production was analyzed using the general linear model (GLM) procedure of SAS. Gas production data was analyzed using the procedure of non-linear regression analysis (PROC NLIN) from SAS. Nutrient intakes were not affected by treatments. However, compared with CO, the digestibility of dry matter (653 vs. 552 and 588 g/kg), organic matter (663 vs. 559 and 606 g/kg) and neutral detergent fiber (616 vs. 460 and 510 g/kg) were lowered (p < 0.001) by SO and PO. Compared with CO, in vitro gas production increased (p < 0.001) in PO and SO (174 vs. 201 and 206 mL gas/g incubated DM). Compared with PO and CO, milk production increased (p < 0.001) with SO (0.88 and 0.95 vs. 1.10 kg/d, respectively). With regard to PO and SO, CO decreased fat (34 and 35 vs. 32 g/d) and protein (35 and 38 vs. 30 g/d) in milk. In conclusion, compared to the traditional use of calcium soaps manufactured from PO, protected SO resulted in increased milk yield without negative effects on digestibility and nutrient intake.

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The effect of natural zeolite on nutrient digestibility, carcass traits and performance of Holstein steers given a diet containing urea

Animal Science ◽

10.1079/asc200524 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 82 (2) ◽

pp. 163-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. A. Sadeghi ◽

P. Shawrang

Keyword(s):

Natural Zeolite ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Control Diet ◽

Ammonia Concentration ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Longissimus Muscle ◽

Urea Nitrogen ◽

Plasma Urea ◽

Post Feeding ◽

And Performance

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate effects of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) on nutrient digestibility, carcass attributes and performance of Holstein steers given a diet containing urea. Forty-five Holstein steers (309 (s.d. 11·2) kg) were given diets as follows: control diet based on maize and soya-bean meal (SBM); treatment 2 (T2), control diet (without SBM) containing 20 g/kg urea; treatment 3 (T3), control diet (without SBM) containing 20 g/kg urea and 30 g/kg zeolite. Just before feeding, ruminal ammonia levels were low in all treatments. At 2·5 h post feeding, steers given T2 and T3 diets had higher (P<0·05) ruminal ammonia concentration than the control. At 5·5 h post feeding, steers on T3 diet had the highest ruminal ammonia concentration, which was higher (P<0·05) than the value for steers given T2 diet. Plasma urea nitrogen level increased post feeding for all treatments. At 3 h post feeding, the level for steers given T2 diet was higher (P<0·05) than those on control and T3 diets but at 6 h post feeding, the level was higher for steers on T3 diet. No differences (P>0·05) were observed in dry-matter intake among treatments. Live-weight gain and gain: food ratio were highest (P<0·05) for steers on the control diet, with no differences (P>0·05) between steers given T2 and T3 diets. Including zeolite in a diet containing urea had no effect (P>0·05) on total tract digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein but increased (P<0·05) digestibility of neutral-detergent fibre and acid-detergent fibre. Hot carcass weight and kidney, pelvic and heart fat weight of steers were highest in control, intermediate in T3 and least in T2 (P<0·05). No differences (P>0·05) were found in longissimus muscle area and fat thickness over longissimus muscle among treatments. Including 30 g/kg of zeolite in a diet containing 20 g/kg of urea decreased ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration, plasma urea nitrogen level and increased fibre digestibility but its effect on feedlot performance was negligible.

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Milk Production Responses and Digestibility of Dairy Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) Partially Supplemented with Forage Rape (Brassica Napus) Silage Replacing Corn Silage

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11102931 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2931

Author(s):

Di Zhou ◽

Mohamed Abdelrahman ◽

Xinxin Zhang ◽

Shuai Yang ◽

Jing Yuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Milk Production ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Solid Content ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Forage Rape

Worldwide, silage is considered the main component in dairy animal diets; however, this portion is mainly dominated by corn silage, which raises availability challenges in some agricultural production systems. The present study evaluated a partial replacement of corn silage with forage rape silage (FRS) and its effect on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, milk production, and blood metabolites in buffalo. Thirty-six lactating buffaloes were randomly assigned to four different groups, according to supplementation of FRS (only corn silage, FRS0) or with 15% (FRS15), 25% (FRS25), and 35% (FRS35) of forage rape silage instead of corn silage. The results showed that, compared to corn silage, forage rape silage has a lower carbohydrate but a higher protein concentration. The buffalo intake of dry matter and organic matter were improved linearly with the FRS increasing in the diet. The apparent total-tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber also increased by the FRS supplementation compared with FRS0. Conversely, FRS supplementation decreased the propionic, butyric, and valeric acid contents and increased the acetic:propionic ratio and microbial protein content. Furthermore, FRS inclusion led to a significantly higher milk urea and non-fat milk solid content, higher blood glucose, total globulins, blood urea nitrogen, and lower blood high-density lipoprotein. These results suggested that FRS has high a nutritional value and digestibility, is a good feed resource, and showed favorable effects when supplemented with dairy buffalo ration.

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Fennel and ginger improved nutrient digestibility and milk yield and quality in early lactating Egyptian buffaloes

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.2478/aoas-2021-0008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Nadia H. Fahim ◽

Ahmed E. Kholif ◽

Hossam H. Azzaz

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Energy Content ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Foeniculum Vulgare ◽

Positive Effects

Abstract The supplementation with herbal and medicinal plants to animals showed positive effects on feed digestion, performance and animal’s health. Fifteen multiparous Egyptian buffaloes (537 ± 18.1 kg body weight), 7 days after parturition, were randomly assigned to 3 treatments in a quintupled 3 × 3 Latin square design in a 63-day experiment. Each experimental period lasted 21 days (15 days of adaptation + 7 days for measurements and sample collection). Buffaloes were assigned according to their previous milk production, weight and parity to study the effect of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) or ginger (Zingiber officinale) supplementation on feed utilization and lactational performance. Buffaloes were fed a basal diet of concentrates, berseem clover and rice straw in a ratio of 60:30:10 dry matter (DM) basis. The first group fed the basal diet with no additive as the control treatment, while other buffaloes were fed on the basal diet supplemented with 75 g fennel or ginger/buffalo daily. Additives supplementation did not affect feed intake; however, fennel followed by ginger improved (P<0.05) dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber digestibilities compared to the control. Without affecting blood chemistry, fennel and ginger supplementation improved (P<0.05) production of milk and energy corrected milk, fat concentration and milk energy content and output. Fennel followed by ginger decreased the somatic cell count (P=0.035) compared with the control. Fennel and ginger improved feed efficiency (P<0.05) compared with the control. Fennel increased the proportion of milk trans-10, cis-12 C18:2 (P=0.028), total conjugated linoleic acid without affecting other fatty acids. It is concluded that fennel or ginger at 75 g/buffalo/d improved nutrient digestibility and milk production of lactating buffaloes. Fennel improved milk nutritive value than ginger.

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Influencia de la densidad de árboles de Leucaena en la producción lechera y nitrógeno ureico en vacas F1 Gyr x Holstein

Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia ◽

10.15446/rfmvz.v65n1.72022 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

Author(s):

R. M. Menjura ◽

L. M. Peñuela ◽

R. D. Castañeda

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Leucaena Leucocephala ◽

Dry Matter ◽

High Selectivity ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Silvopastoral Systems ◽

Urea Nitrogen ◽

Milk Urea

The objective of this research was to evaluate the chemical composition, selectivity, partial intake, milk production and concentration of urea nitrogen in blood and milk in Gyr x Holstein dairy cows on silvopastoral systems with different densities of Leucaena leucocephala trees. The study was carried out in the Chaco Farm - department of Tolima - Colombia. The treatments were: T1: Cynodon nlemfluensis pasture without trees; T2: C. nlemfluensis + 1264 trees / ha of L. leucocephala; T3: C. nlemfluensis + 4255 trees / ha of L. leucocephala and T4: C. nlemfluensis + 9899 trees / ha of L. leucocephala. Four experimental periods of 32 days were evaluated and 16 F1 (Gy r X Holstein) cows were used. Differences (P <0.05) were observed in relation to the dry matter of both C. nlemfluensis and L. leucocephala. There was high selectivity for grass (P <0.05). The dry matter intake decreased with the increase in the density of L. leucocephala trees in period 3, in the other periods no differences were observed (P> 0.05). As the density of L. leucocephala trees increased, the values of urea nitrogen in blood and milk increased (P <0.05). Milk production was not altered by treatments. It is concluded that F1 (Gyr X Holstein) cows in silvopastoral systems have a high selectivity and partial intake of grass, and higher levels of blood and milk urea nitrogen.

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Feed intake, nutrient digestibility, milk production and composition in dairy cows fed silage of wet brewers grain

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n2p1069 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 1069 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Leiliane Cristine de Souza ◽

Maximiliane Alavarse Zambom ◽

Claudete Regina Alcalde ◽

Tatiane Fernandes ◽

Deise Dalazen Castagnara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Milk Production ◽

Wheat Bran ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Soybean Hulls ◽

Ground Corn

The aim of this study was to evaluate the supply of wet brewers grain silage with and without nutrient additives in ensiling (wheat bran, soybeans hulls and ground corn), and the effect of additives on the intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients as well as the efficiency, production and milk composition of Holstein cows. Four multiparous Holstein cows were used, with an average milk production of 25 liters per day. The cows were randomly assigned, via the Latin Square design (4x4), to one of four experimental diets. The experimental period was 21 days. The results obtained in the experiment were evaluated by analysis of variance, Fisher’s F test and Tukey’s test at 5 % probability. The experimental diets consisted of wet brewers grain silage alone, and this silage with the addition of wheat bran, soybean hulls or ground corn. The diets did not affect the initial body weight of the animals. Diets containing wheat bran and ground corn provided a higher intake of dry matter (21.78 and 21.50 kg day-1) and organic matter (20.42 and 20.22 kg day-1) compared to the wet brewers grain silage alone and the diet containing soybean hulls. The results observed for dry matter (636.96 and 632.96 g kg-1), organic matter (659.16 and 654.35 g kg-1 DM), crude protein (712.84 and 717.79 g kg-1 DM) and neutral detergent fiber (598.99 and 538.90 g kg-1 DM) when cows were fed diets containing soybean hulls and ground corn, respectively, were higher than other diets. The different diets did not change daily milk production, milk production corrected for 3.5 % fat or milk composition. The milk urea nitrogen from cows fed ground corn diets was a lower concentration (17.67 mg dL-1), however, it was still above the suitable range (10 to 14 mg dL-1). Providing wet brewers grain silage with soybeans hulls or ground corn to Holstein cows increased the digestibility of dry matter and nutrients. However, the use of silages with wheat bran, soybean hulls or ground corn did not alter the efficiency, production or milk composition of cows fed with these silages.

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Effects of narasin supplementation on dry matter intake and rumen fermentation characteristics of Bos indicus steers fed a high-forage diet

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txz164 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 118-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daniel M Polizel ◽

Bruno I Cappellozza ◽

Fernanda Hoe ◽

Catarina N Lopes ◽

José Paulo Barroso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Bos Indicus ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Plasma Urea ◽

High Forage

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of narasin on intake and rumen fermentation characteristics of Bos indicus steers offered a high-forage diet for 140 d. On day 0 of the study, 30 rumen-fistulated Nellore steers [initial body weight (BW) = 281 ± 21 kg] were assigned to 30 individual pens in a randomized complete block design according to their initial BW. Animals were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 treatments: 1) forage-based diet without narasin (CONT; n = 10), 2) CONT diet plus 13 ppm of narasin (13NAR; n = 10), and 3) CONT diet plus 20 ppm of narasin (20NAR; n = 10). The forage used was Tifton-85 (Cynodon dactylon spp.), whereas the carrier for narasin was a 50:50 mixture of soybean hull:corn. The experimental period was divided into 5 periods of 28 d each. Throughout the experimental period, total dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded daily, whereas mineral salt intake was recorded weekly. Blood and ruminal fluid samples were collected on day 0 (prior to treatment feeding), 28, 56, 84, 112, and 140 of the study. Moreover, total tract apparent nutrient digestibility was performed for a 5-d period every 28 d. No treatment effects were observed on forage, mineral, concentrate, or total DMI (P ≥ 0.22). Nonetheless, 13NAR tended to have a greater mineral intake vs. 20NAR cohorts (P = 0.08) Narasin-supplemented animals had reduced rumen acetate, Ac:Pr ratio, as well as greater (P ≤ 0.02) rumen propionate concentrations vs. CONT cohorts. Moreover, 13NAR increased rumen propionate and decreased butyrate, Ac:Pr vs. 20NAR cohorts (P ≤ 0.01). Throughout the experimental period, narasin-supplemented animals had reduced ammonia concentrations vs. CONT cohorts (P < 0.01), whereas no differences were observed between 13NAR and 20NAR (P = 0.80). No treatment or dose effects were observed (P ≥ 0.23) on DM, organic matter (OM), protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and mineral digestibility. Animals fed 13NAR had a reduced mean plasma urea concentration vs. CONT cohorts (P = 0.03), whereas no further differences were observed (P ≥ 0.12). In summary, narasin supplementation to beef steers offered a high-forage diet did not impact forage, mineral, and total DMI, as well as nutrient digestibility, whereas rumen fermentation characteristics, rumen ammonia, and plasma urea concentrations were positively impacted and lasted throughout the experimental period. Additionally, 13 ppm of narasin resulted in a reduced Ac:Pr ratio and rumen ammonia when compared to animals supplemented with 20 ppm.

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