scholarly journals Evaluation of litter material and ventilation systems on poultry production: II. thermal comfort

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1356-1363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Giovanni de Abreu ◽  
Valéria Maria Nascimento Abreu ◽  
Arlei Coldebella ◽  
Fátima Regina Ferreira Jaenisch ◽  
Doralice Pedroso de Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Soybean Straw ◽  
Ventilation Systems

The objective of this study was to evaluate environmental thermal conditions in broiler houses with two different ventilation systems and two different litter materials. The experiment was carried out in four 12 m × 10 m broiler houses, internally divided in 4 boxes/poultry house, with 200 birds/pen for four consecutive flocks, each one with a duration of 42 days with 15 days of downtime between flocks. Treatments tested were two ventilation systems (stationary or oscillating fans), and two types of litter materials (soybean straw or rice husks). It was collected in the center of each pen and in the external enviroment, dry and wet bulb temperatures, black globe temperature, and air velocity. These data were collected at 3-hour intervals from 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. at the fourth, fifth and sixth week age of the bird. Based on the data collected at each time, wet and globe temperature index (WBGT) and radiant heat load (RHL) were determined. Litter temperature reaings were also performed by using an infrared thermometer. Effects of flock, ventilation, week, hour and the interactions among factors on the studied variables were evaluated in the analysis of the internal thermal environment by using the theory of mixed models for repeated measures. Ventilation provided by stationary and oscilating fans had equal behavior and it did not affect the studied variable. However, both ventilation systems are sufficient to soften internal thermal conditions in the broiler house in relation to the external environment. Relative humidity of the air is higher when rice husks is used as litter material.

scholarly journals Evaluation of litter material and ventilation systems in poultry production: I. overall performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1364-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Maria Nascimento Abreu ◽  
Paulo Giovanni de Abreu ◽  
Arlei Coldebella ◽  
Fátima Regina Ferreira Jaenisch ◽  
Virginia Santiago Silva
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Soybean Straw ◽  
Foot Pad ◽  
Ventilation Systems

The objective of the present work was to evaluate the performance, mortality and the incidence of lesion on the foot-pad of broilers and litter enterobacteriaceae load in two ventilation systems and two litter materials. The experiment was carried out in four 12 m × 10 m broiler houses, internally divided in 4 pens, with 200 birds/pen for four consecutive flocks, each one with 42 days of duration and interval of 15 days of downtime between flocks. It was evaluated two ventilation systems (stationary and oscillating fans), and two litter materials (soybean straw and rice husks). Performance variables studied were body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality of birds at 21, 35, and 42 days of age. Flock mortality was daily recorded, and total mortality was used for analysis. Evaluation of lesions by using foot-pad macroscopic examination was performed in all birds at final weighing. It was also performed quantitative examinations of litter enterobacteria. Statistical analyses were performed by using the mixed model theory for repeated measures and logistical regression. Rice husks litter promoted the best performance of birds at all studied ages. Results did not permit to recommend a ventilation system inasmuch as both had similar performances. Soy straw litter causes a high incidence of foot-pad lesions. Enterobacteria occurrence is lower in reused litter.

scholarly journals Evaluation of litter material and ventilation systems in poultry production: III. litter reuse, darkling beetle populations and intestinal parasites

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1372-1380
Author(s):  
Valéria Maria Nascimento Abreu ◽  
Doralice Pedroso de Paiva ◽  
Paulo Giovanni de Abreu ◽  
Arlei Coldebella
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Darkling Beetle ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Soybean Straw ◽  
Ventilation Systems

It was evaluated the quality of rice husks or soybean straw as litter substrate and the effect of litter reuse for four consecutive flocks of broiler chickens on populations of darkling beetle and intestinal parasite and as organic fertilizer. The experiment was carried out in four 12 m × 10 m poultry houses, internally divided in 4 boxes/poultry house with 200 birds/pen for four consecutive flocks, each flock with a duration of 42 days and with a 15-day downtime between flocks. The evaluated treatments were two ventilation systems (stationary or oscillating fans) and two litter materials (soybean straw or rice husks). Darkling beetle population was followed by collecting the insects in traps, three traps per box, and endoparasite litter contamination was determined by eggs/oocyst counts per gram of litter. Levels of dry matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, potassium, copper, zinc, manganese, iron, organic carbon and pH were evaluated by physical/chemical analyses of samples of the litters in each flock. Overall, litters of broilers used by three flocks meet the minimal legal requirements to be marketed as simple organic fertilizer, regardless to the material used as substrate. Soybean straw presented higher darkling beetle counts in stationary ventilation system as well as in oscillating ventilation system. The probability of rice husks litter present contamination by Eimeria spp oocysts is 18.78 times higher in rice husks than in soybean straw litter when both are submitted to oscillating ventilation, and 1.32 higher when stationary ventilation is used. Litter temperature does not influence significantly levels of contamination by oocysts.

scholarly journals Environment in poultry production covered with thermal and aluminum roofing tiles

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-214
Author(s):  
FERNANDO G. DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
WANESSA M. GODOI ◽  
ROBERTA PASSINI
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Thermal Indices ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Globe Temperature

Brazil is a country of tropical climate, a fact that hinders the poultry production in the aspect of thermal comfort. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the thermal environment in commercial poultry houses with different covers during the months of December 2012 to May 2013, in the municipality of Rio Verde, Goiás. The experimental design was completely randomized in split plots with factorial arrangement of treatments 2x3, being two shed models (thermal and aluminum roof tiles) and three sections within each shed (initial, central and final) for 182 days, having the days as replicates. The thermal environment was assessed through thermal comfort indices: Temperature and Humidity Index, Black Globe Temperature and Humidity Index, Radiant Heat Load and Enthalpy. The data was analyzed by SISVAR 5.1., through the analysis of variance, the Scott Knott test used to compare the means, considering a significance level of 1%. The results showed a significant statistical difference between the sheds and the points assessed (P < 0.05). The thermal shed had the lowest values for the environmental variables (Dbt and Bgt) and thermal indices studied, but larger values for the RH compared to the shed with aluminum covering. The use of thermal covers minimizes the difference in temperature range throughout various times of the day, being at 14:00 o'clock the prominence time to others.

MAPEAMENTO DE CONTORNO BIOCLIMÁTICO EM AVIÁRIO DE REGIÃO TROPICAL NA CIDADE DE DRACENA/SP

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Robert Guaracy Aparecido Cardoso Araujo ◽  
Leda Gobbo de Freitas Bueno ◽  
Silvia Regina Lucas de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Poultry Facilities ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Equidistant Points

O ambiente dentro dos galpões avícolas é um dos fatores primordiais para se conseguir bons índices zootécnicos e retornos financeiros. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o ambiente térmico no interior do galpão de aves poedeiras em diferentes estações do ano na tentativa de proporcionar uma melhor relação ao bem-estar das aves. O estudo foi realizado no galpão de aves poedeiras na UNESP - campus de Dracena/SP. Foram distribuídos e aferidos em doze pontos equidistantes as principais variáveis bioclimáticas, como temperatura de globo negro, temperatura do ar, temperatura de bulbo seco, temperatura de bulbo úmido, temperatura de superfície de telhado, umidade relativa do ar e velocidade do vento. As medições foram feitas nas transições entre as estações do inverno e primavera, primavera e verão e verão e outono, com o intuito de observar qual é a melhor estação do ano em que as aves apresentam um melhor conforto térmico dentro das instalações avícolas. As médias das variáveis bioclimáticas foram comparadas utilizando o teste estatístico Tukey (95%) através do software Statigrafics Centurion, e o software de superfície SURFER para o mapeamento do aviário. Os resultados indicaram que a transição entre inverno e primavera apresentou melhores valores com relação ao conforto térmico dentro do galpão, possibilitando um melhor bem-estar das aves e consequentemente melhor desempenho e retorno financeiro.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Ambiência, Aquecimento Global, Ondas De Calor, Zootecnia De Precisão. MAPPING BIOCLIMATIC CONTOUR OF A POULTRY SHED IN A TROPICAL REGION IN THE CITY OF DRACENA/SPABSTRACT: The environment inside poultry houses is one of the main factors to achieve good zootechnical indexes and financial returns. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the thermal environment inside the shed of laying hens in different seasons of the year in an attempt to provide a better relation to the welfare of birds. The study was carried out in the poultry shed at UNESP campus in Dracena / SP. The main bioclimatic variables, such as black globe temperature, air temperature, dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, roof surface temperature, relative air humidity and wind speed were distributed and measured at twelve equidistant points. The measurements were taken at the transition between the seasons of winter and spring, spring and summer and summer and fall, in order to obtain the best season of the year in which the birds can obtain better thermal comfort inside the poultry facilities. The averages of the bioclimatic variables were compared using the Tukey statistical test (95%) using the Statigrafics Centurion software, where the SURFER surface software was used to map the aviary. The results indicated that the transition between winter and spring presented better values with respect to thermal comfort inside the shed, allowing a better welfare of the birds and consequently better performance and financial return.KEYWORDS: Environment, Global Warming, Heatwaves, Precision Poultry Production.

scholarly journals Microclimate and thermal comfort indices in silvopastoral systems under different planting directions and seasons

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-273
Author(s):  
Rafael P. de Carvalho ◽  
Debora M. Heid ◽  
Livia M. C. Davide ◽  
Ligia M. M. da S. Piletti ◽  
Fernanda L. F. de Jesus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Silvopastoral Systems ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
East West ◽  
Comfort Indices

ABSTRACT The orientation of tree-rows in a silvopastoral system associated with different seasons of the year allows more or less sunlight penetration, resulting in deliberate modification of the microclimate composition and thermal conditions provided to animals. In this sense, the aims of this study were to evaluate microclimatic variables and thermal comfort indices for east-west and north-south oriented silvopastoral systems, compared to unshaded systems during summer and winter. The study was conducted at the Modelo II Farm (21° 08’ S 53° 17’ W) at an altitude of 354 m. A randomized block design in scheme of split-split plots with five repetitions was adopted. Two planting directions and a control treatment (unshaded) were evaluated in the plots. Collection times were evaluated in sub-plots, and the distance from eucalyptus trees was evaluated in sub-sub-plots. Changes in the east-west and north-south planting directions did not promote changes in climate variables, nor did they change the thermal comfort indices during summer. There were differences, however, in temperature and relative humidity of the air, black globe temperature, and radiant heat load during winter. Silvopastoral systems provide improvements in the environment and, concomitantly, to the thermal comfort of animals, when compared to unshaded systems. However, thermal stress situations occur despite the presence of trees, depending on the time of the day and the distance from the rows of eucalyptus trees.

scholarly journals Perfomance of an evaporative cooling system of a finishing phase swine barn

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valmir Sartor ◽  
Fernando da Costa Baêta ◽  
Ilda de Fátima Ferreira Tinôco ◽  
Maira Luciana Luz
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Evaporative Cooling System ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Black Globe Temperature

The thermal environment inside of a finishing phase swine barn has great influence on the success of swine production. This environment can be characterized by the black globe temperature and humidity index (BGHI), that represents the air temperature, humidity, wind speed and radiation. Due to the small number of Brazilian reports on this specific subject, this experiment was performed to verify the effect of one kind of evaporative cooling system on the thermal comfort of the animal in a swine barn, during the 98/99 summer at Patos de Minas, MG, Brazil. Two constructions were used, divided in 36 barns, each one with 15 animals, 110 to 150 days old. Along a side of one barn, four cooling devices were installed, with a ventilation system connected to a sprayer, to form an evaporative cooling system (ECS). The other barn did not have any cooling system being a control unity (COS). The ECS provided an improvement of the environmental thermal conditions, reducing the index of black globe temperature and humidity inside the building, from 83.5 to 82.4, during the critical period of the day (2 p.m.). The ECS provided also an improvement of the food conversion, from 3.27 to 2.88, and a tendency of a substantial weight gain, from 0.97 to 1.02 kg per day.

The cooling effect of a spray fan in an indoor hot environment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2091436
Author(s):  
Xiaojing Meng ◽  
Yihang Lv ◽  
Honggang Yang ◽  
Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Velocity Increase ◽  
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ◽  
Hot Environment ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Black Globe Temperature

The aim of this study is to evaluate the cooling effect of a spray fan in an indoor hot environment. An experimental workplace with a thermal environment of high temperature and radiation intensity was set up. The hot environment of the experimental workplace could not meet occupational health requirements when the heat source temperature exceeded 150°C. The effects of air velocity and relative humidity on the natural wet bulb temperature, black globe temperature and wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) were investigated. The maximum reduction of the WBGT was about 1.7°C, with an air velocity increase by 1 m/s. There was a notable cooling effect on the hot environment for low air velocities (e.g. 0–2 m/s), while the cooling effect only increased slightly for high air velocity (e.g. 2–5 m/s). We also found that the indoor WBGT declined by 0.2–0.8°C when the relative humidity was increased by about 10%. These results may provide guidance for reducing heat stress in industrial hot environment.

MAPEAMENTO DE CONTORNO BIOCLIMÁTICO EM AVIÁRIO DE REGIÃO TROPICAL NA CIDADE DE DRACENA/SP

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Maria Beatriz Sartor ◽  
Mariana Wagner de Toledo Piza ◽  
Gabriel Rondina Pupo da Silveira ◽  
Edéria Pereira Gomes Azevedo ◽  
Sérgio Campos
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Poultry Facilities ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Bioclimatic Variables ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Equidistant Points

O ambiente dentro dos galpões avícolas é um dos fatores primordiais para se conseguir bons índices zootécnicos e retornos financeiros. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o ambiente térmico no interior do galpão de aves poedeiras em diferentes estações do ano na tentativa de proporcionar uma melhor relação ao bem-estar das aves. O estudo foi realizado no galpão de aves poedeiras na UNESP - campus de Dracena/SP. Foram distribuídos e aferidos em doze pontos equidistantes as principais variáveis bioclimáticas, como temperatura de globo negro, temperatura do ar, temperatura de bulbo seco, temperatura de bulbo úmido, temperatura de superfície de telhado, umidade relativa do ar e velocidade do vento. As medições foram feitas nas transições entre as estações do inverno e primavera, primavera e verão e verão e outono, com o intuito de observar qual é a melhor estação do ano em que as aves apresentam um melhor conforto térmico dentro das instalações avícolas. As médias das variáveis bioclimáticas foram comparadas utilizando o teste estatístico Tukey (95%) através do software Statigrafics Centurion, e o software de superfície SURFER para o mapeamento do aviário. Os resultados indicaram que a transição entre inverno e primavera apresentou melhores valores com relação ao conforto térmico dentro do galpão, possibilitando um melhor bem-estar das aves e consequentemente melhor desempenho e retorno financeiro.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Ambiência, Aquecimento Global, Ondas De Calor, Zootecnia De Precisão. MAPPING BIOCLIMATIC CONTOUR OF A POULTRY SHED IN A TROPICAL REGION IN THE CITY OF DRACENA/SPABSTRACT: The environment inside poultry houses is one of the main factors to achieve good zootechnical indexes and financial returns. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the thermal environment inside the shed of laying hens in different seasons of the year in an attempt to provide a better relation to the welfare of birds. The study was carried out in the poultry shed at UNESP campus in Dracena / SP. The main bioclimatic variables, such as black globe temperature, air temperature, dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature, roof surface temperature, relative air humidity and wind speed were distributed and measured at twelve equidistant points. The measurements were taken at the transition between the seasons of winter and spring, spring and summer and summer and fall, in order to obtain the best season of the year in which the birds can obtain better thermal comfort inside the poultry facilities. The averages of the bioclimatic variables were compared using the Tukey statistical test (95%) using the Statigrafics Centurion software, where the SURFER surface software was used to map the aviary. The results indicated that the transition between winter and spring presented better values with respect to thermal comfort inside the shed, allowing a better welfare of the birds and consequently better performance and financial return.KEYWORDS: Environment, Global Warming, Heatwaves, Precision Poultry Production.

Measurement and Analysis of Indoor Thermal Environment of a Library in the Hot-Summer and Warm-Winter Region of China

2013 ◽  
Vol 671-674 ◽  
pp. 2659-2663
Author(s):  
Kai Qiong Liu ◽  
Hong Juan Liu ◽  
Jiang He
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Warm Winter ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Temperature Surface

This paper presents a study on the indoor thermal environment of a library in the hot-summer and warm-winter region using field measurements. 15 measurement points were selected to measure the following thermal parameters: air temperature, globe temperature, surface temperature, relative humidity and air velocity. Analysis of measurement data are described, and effective strategies were proposed from the analysis results for improving the thermal environment of library buildings in the hot-summer and warm-winter region.

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