scholarly journals Ammonia volatilization losses in Tanzania grass fertilized with urea

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecílio Viega SOARES FILHO ◽  
Ulysses CECATO ◽  
Ossival Lolato RIBEIRO ◽  
Cláudio Fabrício da Cruz ROMA ◽  
Tatiane BELONI
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
N Loss ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
N Volatilization

<p>Gaseous losses are the main factors affecting the efficiency of nitrogenous fertilizers in pastures. To evaluate NH<sub>3</sub>-N volatilization losses in Tanzania grass fertilized with urea in autumn, spring and summer, a completely randomized design with repeated measurements over time and fifteen replicates was used. Plots were represented by urea levels (50; 100 and 150 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> N) and subplots by time after fertilization (1; 2; 3; 6; 9; 12 and 15 days). The interaction between fertilization leveland time after urea application was significant for the accumulated NH<sub>3</sub>-N volatilization. Urea application leads to higher percentage N losses in the first three days after application. The average cumulative NH<sub>3</sub>-N loss for the three occasions (different seasons of the year) was 28%, 20% and 16% of N applied for fertilizer doses of 50; 100 and 150 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>of N, respectively. The season of the year influenced NH<sub>3</sub>-N loss pattern and volume, with the lowest values recorded in spring, followed by summer and autumn. The cumulative NH<sub>3</sub>-N volatilization loss varies from 78 to 90% up to the third day after application of the total N-NH3 loss.</p>

scholarly journals Annual Nitrogen Balance from Dairy Barns, Comparison between Cubicle and Compost-Bedded Pack Housing Systems in the Northeast of Spain

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2136
Author(s):  
Esperanza Fuertes ◽  
Ahmad Reza Seradj ◽  
Jordi Maynegre Santaularia ◽  
Daniel Villalba Mata ◽  
Gabriel de la Fuente Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
N Loss ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Mean ◽  
N Volatilization ◽  
Mass Balance Approach

The aim of this study was to determine N recovery and irreversible losses (i.e., through NH3-N volatilization) from manure in two different housing systems throughout a year using an N mass balance approach. Dietary, milk, and manure N were monitored together with outside temperatures in six dairy barns during six months, comprising two different seasons. Three barns were designed as conventional free stalls (cubicle, CUB) and the other three barns as compost-bedded packs (CB). All the barns were located in the Ebro’s valley, in the northeast of Spain. Mass N balance was performed simultaneously in the six barns, during two three-month periods (Season I and II) and sampling at a 15-day interval. Results of ANOVA analysis showed that annual N retained in manure (kg/head per year) from cows housed in CUB barns was significantly higher than in manure from cows housed in CB (133.5 vs. 70.9, p < 0.001), while the opposite was observed for N losses (26.9 vs. 84.8, for CUB and CB barn, respectively; p < 0.005). The annual mean proportion of irreversible N loss from manure in relation to N intake was much lower in barns using conventional free-stall cubicles than the mean ratio registered in bedded pack systems barns.

scholarly journals The interaction of seasonal rainfall and nitrogen fertiliser rate on soil N2O emission, total N loss and crop yield of dryland sorghum and sunflower grown on sub-tropical Vertosols

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 604 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Schwenke ◽  
B. M. Haigh
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
N Loss ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
The Impact

Summer crop production on slow-draining Vertosols in a sub-tropical climate has the potential for large emissions of soil nitrous oxide (N2O) from denitrification of applied nitrogen (N) fertiliser. While it is well established that applying N fertiliser will increase N2O emissions above background levels, previous research in temperate climates has shown that increasing N fertiliser rates can increase N2O emissions linearly, exponentially or not at all. Little such data exists for summer cropping in sub-tropical regions. In four field experiments at two locations across two summers, we assessed the impact of increasing N fertiliser rate on both soil N2O emissions and crop yield of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) or sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Vertosols of sub-tropical Australia. Rates of N fertiliser, applied as urea at sowing, included a nil application, an optimum N rate and a double-optimum rate. Daily N2O fluxes ranged from –3.8 to 2734g N2O-Nha–1day–1 and cumulative N2O emissions ranged from 96 to 6659g N2O-Nha–1 during crop growth. Emissions of N2O increased with increased N fertiliser rates at all experimental sites, but the rate of N loss was five times greater in wetter-than-average seasons than in drier conditions. For two of the four experiments, periods of intense rainfall resulted in N2O emission factors (EF, percent of applied N emitted) in the range of 1.2–3.2%. In contrast, the EFs for the two drier experiments were 0.41–0.56% with no effect of N fertiliser rate. Additional 15N mini-plots aimed to determine whether N fertiliser rate affected total N lost from the soil–plant system between sowing and harvest. Total 15N unaccounted was in the range of 28–45% of applied N and was presumed to be emitted as N2O+N2. At the drier site, the ratio of N2 (estimated by difference)to N2O (measured) lost was a constant 43%, whereas the ratio declined from 29% to 12% with increased N fertiliser rate for the wetter experiment. Choosing an N fertiliser rate aimed at optimum crop production mitigates potentially high environmental (N2O) and agronomic (N2+N2O) gaseous N losses from over-application, particularly in seasons with high intensity rainfall occurring soon after fertiliser application.

scholarly journals FERMENTATION OF WHEY WASTE AS ORGANIC LIQUID FERTILIZER "PUCAFU"

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akhsan Akib ◽  
Henny Setiawati
Keyword(s):  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Liquid Wastes ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Yeast Concentration

Whey waste contains organic materials, particularly high complex proteins and amino acids in the form of suspended and dissolved solids, however the utilization of whey as a organic liquid fertilizer still has a less attention. Thus the Utilization of the whey waste through anaerobic process to be used as a organic liquid fertilizer is the purpose of the research. This research was conducted using factorial design with completely randomized design (CRD) which consists of two factors: the yeast concentration (without yeast; 0.25 and 0.50 g/500 ml of whey waste) and the fermentation time (0, 3, and 5 days). The variables measured were the content of organic C, C/N Ratio, and Total N, P2O5 and K2O contents. The results showed that the fermented whey waste on the different fermentation time and yeast concentration had increased the organic C and C/N ratio, but decreased P2O5 and K2O contents. The utilization of whey combined with solid or other liquid wastes gave a chance to produce a quality organic liquid fertilizer 

scholarly journals Biochar as soil amendment: Impact on chemical properties and corn nutrient uptake in a Podzol

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Syuhada ◽  
J. Shamshuddin ◽  
C.I. Fauziah ◽  
A.B. Rosenani ◽  
A. Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Healthy Growth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Biochar Amendment

A study was conducted to investigate the impact of biochar amendment on chemical properties and corn nutrient uptake in a sandy Podzol soil. Four rates of biochar (0, 5, 10, and 15 g kg−1) and two rates of inorganic fertilizer (0 and local recommendation rate for corn) were randomly applied to a completely randomized design with four replicates. Corn was grown for 45 d in a glasshouse using sandy Podzol. The increase in pH of the soil was concomitant with a decrease of exchangeable Al. The fertilized soil significantly increased total N, with a concomitant decrease in soil pH due to a N nitrification. Positive changes did occur in the soil due to biochar application, leading to a significant increase in dry matter yield and corn height. Corn N and K uptakes were significantly increased by the addition of biochar, but the same was not true for Ca and Mg. However, it was found that the concentrations of N, Ca, and Mg in the corn tissue were still lower than their critical level. Our results demonstrate that application of biochar alone is not able to supply enough nutrients for the healthy growth of corn.

scholarly journals The effect of work level and dietary intake on sweat nitrogen losses in a hot climate

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Weiner ◽  
J. O. C. Willson ◽  
Hamad El-Neil ◽  
Erica F. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Normal Diet ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
N Loss ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Work Level

1. Nitrogen intakes, and N output in urine, faeces and sweat have been measured in six young Tanzanian men who were accustomed to a hot climate. The measurements were done while the subjects were receiving first a normal and then a low-N diet; and when they were performing moderate physical work, and had undergone a period of acclimatization.2. When the subject were acclimatized and working on a normal diet, their sweat output increased, with a fall in its N concentration. Total sweat N loss increased from an average of 0.10 to 0.71 g/d.3. The effect of the low-N diet was to decrease both the sweat N concentration, and the rate of increase of total N loss in sweat, as sweat volume increased.4. It is estimated that maximum sweat N losses would not exceed 1 g/d on an adequate diet, or 0.5 g/d on a low-protein diet. Our results provide no basis for recommending extra protein allowances to cover sweat N losses for workers in tropical climates.

scholarly journals Evaluation of ammonia volatilization losses by adjusted parameters of a logistic function

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Lima Campos do Vale ◽  
Rogério Oliveira de Sousa ◽  
Walkyria Bueno Scivittaro
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Class ◽  
Soil Adsorption ◽  
Total Ammonia

The dynamics of N losses in fertilizer by ammonia volatilization is affected by several factors, making investigation of these dynamics more complex. Moreover, some features of the behavior of the variable can lead to deviation from normal distribution, making the main commonly adopted statistical strategies inadequate for data analysis. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the patterns of cumulative N losses from urea through ammonia volatilization in order to find a more adequate and detailed way of assessing the behavior of the variable. For that reason, changes in patterns of ammonia volatilization losses as a result of applying different combinations of two soil classes [Planossolo and Chernossolo (Typic Albaqualf and Vertic Argiaquolls)] and different rates of urea (50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 N), in the presence or absence of a urease inhibitor, were evaluated, adopting a 2 × 3 × 2 factorial design with four replications. Univariate and multivariate analysis of variance were performed using the adjusted parameter values of a logistic function as a response variable. The results obtained from multivariate analysis indicated a prominent effect of the soil class factor on the set of parameters, indicating greater relevance of soil adsorption potential on ammonia volatilization losses. Univariate analysis showed that the parameters related to total N losses and rate of volatilization were more affected by soil class and the rate of urea applied. The urease inhibitor affected only the rate and inflection point parameters, decreasing the rate of losses and delaying the beginning of the process, but had no effect on total ammonia losses. Patterns of ammonia volatilization losses provide details on behavior of the variable, details which can be used to develop and adopt more accurate techniques for more efficient use of urea.

scholarly journals Penggunaan Pupuk Organik Cair Sebagai Media Produksi Inokulan Azotobacter Chroococcum

Agrologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginawanti Hindersah ◽  
H Yulina ◽  
Ane Nurbaity
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Total N ◽  
Support Cell ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Set Up

Azotobacter chroococcum based biofertilizers have been widely used in the production of environmentally agriculture. For commercial scale, cheap growth media for Azotobcter inoculant  will affect the quality and price of liquid biofertilizer. Growth medium should support cell proliferation as well as its  nitrogen fixation and phytohormone production.  The objective of this study was to determine whether  liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) containing low N can be used as a medium for scaling up  A. chroococcum inoculant without lowering the survival of bacteria and its activity in N2 fixation and phytohormones production. LOF generally contains a complete nutrient although in a small quantities. Experiment was set up in completely randomized design which tested two types of commercial LOF. The results showed that both of  LOF were only able to support cell growth up to 72 hours and at 96 hours cell viability began to decline compared to the control medium,  free-N Ashby. At 72 hour total N and cytokinin  concentration in LOF was lower than those in Ashby media. This study revealed  that LOF  could be used as A. chroococcum growth media, but without optimization of its composition, cell density and cytokinin content would be lower than those of inoculant  in Ashby Media.

scholarly journals Foliar fertilizer and biostimulant to enhance performance of Urochloa hybrid in two different seasons

2019 ◽  
pp. 1429-1437
Author(s):  
Luara Cristina de Lima ◽  
Leandro Martins Barbero ◽  
Regina Maria Quintão Lana ◽  
Fernanda Carvalho Basso ◽  
Atalita Francis Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Dead Material ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Technologies that promote forage production provide gains of income in beef cattle. The objective of this research was to evaluate forage production, morphological components and nutritive value of pasture of Urochloa hybrid Convert HD364, with application of biostimulant, foliar fertilizers and urea. A completely randomized design with 7 treatments and 3 replications was used. The treatments consisted of T1 (control: no fertilization), T2 (urea), T3 (Fertmicro), T4 (FertN), T5 (biostimulant), T6 (Fertmicro+biostimulant), T7 (FertN+biostimulant). The leaf content and accumulation of macro and micronutrients, accumulation of dry mass and rate of forage accumulation, concentrations of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, morphological components were evaluated. The data were subjected to analysis of variance using the Tukey test at the 5% significance level for the comparison of mean values. The use of foliar fertilizers, nitrogen fertilizer and biostimulant promoted accumulation of forage dry mass, leaf, stem and dead material and higher rates of accumulation of dry mass of stem and dead material of Urochloa hybrid Convert HD364.

scholarly journals Ammonia volatilization with swine slurry injection and use of nitrification inhibitor

Revista CERES ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Paulo Rauber ◽  
Andréia Patrícia Andrade ◽  
Walter Santos Borges Júnior ◽  
Álvaro Luiz Mafra ◽  
Ariane Andreola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Volatilization ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Swine Slurry ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Ph Conditions ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT The injection of nitrogen sources into the soil and use of nitrification inhibitor can improve the efficiency of applied nitrogen and minimize losses to the environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of swine slurry (SS) and urea in two modes of application in the soil (injected and surface), and the use of nitrification inhibitor on NH3 volatilization in a controlled environment, upon varying soil texture and soil pH conditions. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions, or a Rhodic Kandiudox and Typic Hapludult soil in a completely randomized design in a 4 x 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design with three replications. The study evaluated four fertilizers (urea, SS, SS +nitrification inhibitor (dicyandiamide-DCD) and control), two pH conditions (natural and limed) and two forms of fertilizer application (injected and surface), and two soils. The SS rate used was 21 m3 ha-1, and the rate of the inhibitor was 10 kg ha-1. The evaluations consisted in daily accumulated ammonia volatilization up to 14 days, and the percentage of soil nitrogen loss. The injection of fertilizers reduced emissions of ammonia in both soils and, limed soil had higher N losses by volatilization. The inhibitor did not increase the emission of ammonia in both soils.

scholarly journals Nutritional value and physical and chemical characteristics of white mulberry tree using different conservation methods for ruminant feed

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Américo Fróes Garcez Neto ◽  
Janielen Da Silva ◽  
Eduardo Michelon do Nascimento ◽  
Jean Carlos Steinmacher Lourenço ◽  
Sergio Rodrigo Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Total N ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Aerobic Stability ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
White Mulberry ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Mulberry Tree

This study was carried out to evaluate the white mulberry tree (Morus alba) as a feedstuff for ruminants in natura, as hay and as silage. A completely randomized design with five treatments and three replicates was used, where the treatments were five types of mulberry forage: (1) in natura after cutting; (2) hay; (3) silage of mulberry in natura; (4) silage of wilted mulberry and (5) silage of mulberry with ground ear corn. The content of crude protein (CP) did not differ between the silages (average of 19.03% of dry matter - DM). The CP content of the silages was higher than in mulberry hay (15.26% DM) and similar to mulberry after cutting (17.00% DM). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content did not differ between the silages (34.84% DM on average), but the NDF of silage with ear corn was lower than the mulberry hay (33.77 vs. 39.36% DM). The acid detergent fiber (ADF) content did not differ between silages and mulberry hay (30.66% DM on average). The lowest value for ADF was observed in the mulberry after cutting (26.06% DM). The aerobic stability of the silages was not broken during the seven days of aerobic exposure. The pH of silage of mulberry in natura was similar to silage of wilted mulberry (4.80 on average), while the silage with ear corn showed a lower pH value (4.58) compared to the other silages. The buffering capacity (BC) did not differ between the silage with ear corn and silage of wilted mulberry (84.91 meq 100 g DM-1 on average), while a lower value was observed for silage of mulberry in natura (56.69 meq 100 g DM-1). The highest value for ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) was demonstrated in the silage of mulberry in natura (13.08% total N), and the lowest values were observed in the silage with ear corn and silage of wilted mulberry (7.49 and 9.58% total N, respectively). Silage with 11% of ground ear corn is the best alternative use of white mulberry tree as forage for ruminant feeding, since this form presented low fiber content and a fermentative pattern suitable for the process of forage conservation.

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