scholarly journals Diversity of enteric coccidia in pigs from the Paraíba Semiarid Region of Northeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosaneide Gomes de Araújo ◽  
Juliana Trajano da Silva ◽  
Wlysse Ferreira Sarmento ◽  
Samara dos Santos Silva ◽  
Roberto Alves Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Hemorrhagic Enteritis ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Genus Eimeria

Abstract There is great diversity in swine coccidia, which are responsible for causing intestinal disorders ranging from sporadic diarrhea to severe cases of hemorrhagic enteritis. Thus, determining the species of coccidia that affect the animals of a region and associating them with the characteristics of the farms become extremely important. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of coccidia parasites in pigs reared in a family farming production system in the Semiarid Region of the State of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. Fecal samples for analysis were collected from 187 pigs on 51 farms. For morphological analysis, 1,590 sporulated oocysts were used. The prevalence of oocysts in fecal samples was 56.6% (106/187). The most prevalent species were Eimeria suis (21.9%), followed by Eimeria neodebliecki (16.6%), Eimeria perminuta (14.9%), Eimeria polita (12.8%), Eimeria debliecki (10.6%), Eimeria porci (10.1%), Cystoisospora suis (3.7%), Eimeria scabra (1.6%) and Eimeria cerdonis (0.5%). It can be concluded that pigs from the Semiarid Region of the State of Paraíba were parasitized by a diversity of coccidia species, mainly of the genus Eimeria, and predominantly presented with mixed infections occurring in the subclinical form.

A new species of Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae) from the Brazilian semiarid region

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Iracema Bezerra Loiola
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
A New Species

Erythroxylum angelicae, a new species of Erythroxylum sect. Archerythroxylum, is described and illustrated. This species occurs in “Carrasco” vegetation of the state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil. It is recognized by the persistent cataphylls, non-striated, long-triangular, and palleaceous; stipules non-striated, 3-setulose; flowers subsessile, calyx lobes triangular, and styles free. Affinity relationships with other species of Erythroxylum are also presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Challenges to balance food demand and supply: analysis of PNAE execution in one semiarid region of Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviany Moura Chaves ◽  
Liana Galvão Bacurau Pinheiro ◽  
Renata Alexandra Moreira das Neves ◽  
Maria Arlete Duarte de Araújo ◽  
Joana Barbosa da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
The State ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Family Farming ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
School Feeding ◽  
The Social ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
School Feeding Program

This study intended to address the challenges faced by the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) to implement public purchases from family farming, as they understand their role in the transformation of local food systems. For this, we developed a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive study, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, located in the northeastern semiarid region, during the regional assessments done by the Collaborating Center for the School Feeding Program in 2018 and 2019. We analyzed the policy from the perspective of the social actors inserted at the ends of the supply and demand chain through the application of questionnaires and focus groups. There were 188 social actors from 45 municipalities taking part in our data gathering. We examined the meeting of supply and demand based on the performance of the policy in the state, and identified that: i) the percentage of purchases between 2011 and 2017 was, on average, 19.1%, demonstrating that, despite not meeting the recommended rate, the state has progressed its investments in this segment; ii) some limitations characterized the limited effectiveness of public purchases of family farming for schools: lack of federal actions to enhance the value of family farming, unfavorable conditions for local agricultural production, low performance of technical rural assistance, menus do not reflect the offer of family farming, difficulties in preparing and executing the public call and insufficient communication between social actors; iii) Action and decision-making, through street-level bureaucracy, depends on the discretion of the social actors. We believe that this study can collaborate in the understanding of structural problems that affect the implementation of the program and assist in the search for alternatives that are consistent with the current needs, aiming at the construction of sustainable food systems.

scholarly journals Helminth parasites of Phyllodactylidae and Gekkonidae lizards in a Caatinga ecological station, northeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandeberg F. Lima ◽  
Samuel V. Brito ◽  
João A. Araujo Filho ◽  
Diêgo A. Teles ◽  
Samuel C. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parasite Species ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
South American ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
New Occurrences

Abstract We investigated the parasites of five lizard species belonging to Phyllodactylidae (Phyllopezus pollicaris and Gymnodactylus geckoides) and Gekkonidae (Hemidactylus agrius, Lygodactylus klugei and Hemidactylus brasilianus) families in a semiarid region of Brazil. Six nematode species were identified: Parapharyngodon alvarengai and Spauligodon oxkutzcabiensis (Pharyngodonidae), Physaloptera lutzi (Physalopteridae), Skrjabinelazia intermedia (Seuratidae), Trichospirura sp. (Rhabdochonidae) and Piratuba sp. (Onchocercidae), and a cestode species, Oochoristica sp. (Linstowiidae). The most prevalent species were Spauligodon oxkutzcabiensis, which infected P. pollicaris (75%), and Parapharyngodon alvarengai, which infected G. geckoides (29%). South American lizards were identified as being new hosts for the Trichospirura genus (a usual parasite of mammals), and there were 16 new occurrences of parasite species in the five lizard species studied herein.

scholarly journals Paratuberculosis in a dairy Gyr herd in the State of Paraíba, Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 703-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro M.P.C. Mota ◽  
Prhiscylla S. Pires ◽  
Ronnie A. de Assis ◽  
Felipe M. Salvarani ◽  
Ricardo de M.H. Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Bacterial Morphology

This paper describes the clinical, pathological, and microbiologic aspects of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in a dairy Gyr herd in the State of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. An eight years old cow with chronic unresponsive diarrhea was clinically examined and euthanized for pathological evaluation. Fecal samples from all 160 animals over 12 months of age from the herd were collected for isolation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Clinically, the index case cow was severely dehydrated, cachectic, with profuse mucous diarrhea. The main post-mortem findings were emaciation and thickened intestinal wall. Microscopically, the intestinal lamina propria and submucosa were infiltrated by macrophages, epithelioid cells, and Langhans giant cells with numerous alcohol-acid resistant bacilli in the cytoplasm. Two fecal samples displayed growth in slants of Herrold's egg-yolk agar supplemented with mycobactin J, 150 days after incubation. No growth was noticed in slants without mycobactin J. Microscopic examination of the isolated microorganisms stained by Ziehl-Neelsen revealed considerable amounts of alcohol-acid resistant bacilli, morphologically compatible with Mycobacterium spp. Based on the clinical signs, gross and histological lesions, growth time, bacterial morphology in Ziehl-Neelsen staining, and dependence of mycobactin J, the first diagnosis of paratuberculosis in Zebu cattle was made.

scholarly journals Serological survey of lentivirus infection in goats and sheep slaughtered in the State of Paraíba, semiarid of Northeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1651
Author(s):  
Ricardo De Figueiredo Guilherme ◽  
Sérgio Santos Azevedo ◽  
Diego Figueiredo da Costa ◽  
Edisio Oliveira de Azevedo ◽  
Roberto Soares de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Extensive Breeding

The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of antibodies against small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) in goats and sheep slaughtered in the state of Paraíba, in the Northeast semiarid region of Brazil. Blood was collected from 500 goats and 500 sheep in slaughterhouses in the municipalities of Alhandra, Guarabira, Esperança, Picuí, Monteiro, Sumé, Patos, Piancó, Catolé do Rocha, and Sousa. The agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test was used for the diagnosis of SRLV infection. Of the 1,000 animals analyzed, 28 (2.8%) were seropositive, with a frequency of 3% (15/500) in goats and 2.6% (13/500) in sheep. It was also observed that no significant difference was present in seropositivity among the different municipalities. The low frequency of seropositive animals can be explained by the fact that most of the sampled animals came from extensive breeding herds consisting of meat production native breeds and crossbred animals.

scholarly journals Occurrence and risk factors assessment associated with Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection in chickens in the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvio G. de Sá ◽  
José W. Pinheiro Júnior ◽  
Sineide M. de Oliveira Vilela ◽  
Erica P.B.X. Moraes ◽  
Pedro P.F. Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Mycoplasma Gallisepticum ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Backyard Poultry

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection and risk factors of this disease in three hundred serum samples from on 23 familiar agricultural properties in the semiarid region of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. ELISA was used to study antibodies anti-Mycoplasma gallisepticum. The univariate analysis (chi-squared test or Fischer's exact test) followed by multivariate analysis (logistic regression) were used to assess the risk factors with two variables: management and sanity of the poultry. It was detected a frequence of 53.33% (157/300) of the birds were positive for MG, with 100% foci. The risk factors confirmed by multivariate analysis, in the present study, were the presence of other poultry species on the property, including Numida meleagris (OR=2.22; p=0.005), parrots (OR=1.72; p=0.027), and of passerines (OR=1.88; p=0.007). These results showed that Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection is endemic among backyard poultry in the semiarid region of the state of Pernambuco. These birds could be a source of infection for other wild or domestic poultry. . This is the first report of the occurrence of avian mycoplasmosis in backyard poultry in the state of Pernambuco in northeastern Brazil. The risk factors identified should serve as a parameter for the health authorities to seek solutions related to controlling the disease.

scholarly journals Equine coital exanthema caused by equid alphaherpesvirus 3: a report of an outbreak in northeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Givaldo B. Silva Filho ◽  
Hisadora A.S.C Bom ◽  
Silvio M.C. Fonseca ◽  
Érica A. Costa ◽  
Beatriz S.A.S. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Northeastern Region

ABSTRACT: Equine coital exanthema is a venereal infectious disease poorly reported in horses in Brazil and was never described in the northeastern region of the country. This work aims to describe the clinical and pathological aspects of an outbreak of equine coital exanthema caused by equid alphaherpesvirus 3, occurred in a herd of horses at the semiarid region of the State of Rio Grande do Norte. Main clinical signs consisted of anorexia, hiporexia, fibrinous or purulent secretion in the penis mucosa and vagina. Two mares presented mild to minimal lesions that consisted of scars in the mucosa of the vagina and in the perivulvar region. In a stallion the disease consisted of severe, multifocal, umbilicated-exanthematous ulcers of approximately 1cm in diameter on the penis mucosa. Other areas where ulcers and crusts were focally observed included the skin of the scrotum and on the lips and mucocutaneous junctions of the oral cavity. Histologically, the main lesion consisted of multifocal severe ulcerative and fibrinous necrotizing balanoposthitis and mild multifocal necrotizing, lymphocytic dermatitis in the lips and scrotum. The equide alphaherpesvirus 3 DNA was amplified in blood samples and penis mucosa using the PCR technique. This is the first report of molecular diagnosis of equine coital exanthema affecting horses in northeastern Brazil. Further studies should be carried out in order to investigate the epidemiology and the importance of this herpetic disease in the country.

A Synopsis of Dicliptera (Acanthaceae) in Brazil, with the Description of Two New Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-348
Author(s):  
James Lucas da Costa-Lima ◽  
Earl Celestino de Oliveira Chagas
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
The North ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
A New Species

Abstract—A synopsis of Dicliptera (Acanthaceae) for Brazil is presented. Six species are recognized: Dicliptera ciliaris, D. sexangularis, and D. squarrosa, widely distributed in South America; D. purpurascens, which ranges from the North Region of Brazil (in the state of Acre) to eastern Bolivia; D. gracilirama, a new species from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil; and D. granchaquenha, a new species recorded in dry and semideciduous forests in Bolivia and western Brazil, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Furthermore, we propose new synonyms and designate lectotypes for eleven names. An identification key to the six accepted Dicliptera species in Brazil is provided.

Spatiotemporal clustering, social inequities and the risk of leptospirosis in an endemic area of Brazil: a retrospective spatial modelling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katyucia O C de Souza ◽  
José Augusto P Góes ◽  
Matheus S Melo ◽  
Paula M G Leite ◽  
Lucas A Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Regression ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Scan Statistics ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Social Inequities

Abstract Background Leptospirosis is an endemic disease in Brazil of social and economic relevance related to behavioural and socioenvironmental factors. This study aimed to analyse the spatiotemporal distribution of the incidence of leptospirosis and its association with social determinants in health in a state of northeastern Brazil. Methods An ecological study of temporal series with techniques of spatial analysis using secondary data of the cases of leptospirosis notified in the Information System of Notifiable Diseases of the state of Sergipe (2008–2017) was conducted. The analysis of temporal trends was performed using Poisson regression. Spatial analyses were performed using the Moran index, the local empirical Bayesian model, scan statistics and spatial regression. Results The incidence rate decreased from 3.66 to 1.44 cases per 100 000 inhabitants in 2008 and 2017, respectively. Leptospirosis was associated with social inequities, mostly affecting males aged 20–49 y living in urban areas. The space-time scan indicated the formation of a risk cluster in municipalities in the metropolitan region of the state. Conclusions The data indicated the persistence of leptospirosis transmission, maintaining a pattern of high endemicity in some municipalities associated with social inequities. The study showed the temporal and spatial dynamics of the disease to better target specific actions for prevention and control.

scholarly journals Oceanographic parameters in continental margin of the State of Ceará (northeastern Brazil) deduced from C and O isotopes in foraminifers

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanessa S. Marques ◽  
Eldemar de A. Menor ◽  
Alcides N. Sial ◽  
Valdir A.V. Manso ◽  
Satander S. Freire
Keyword(s):  
Continental Margin ◽  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Oceanic Water ◽  
Ocean Water ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Carbon And Oxygen Isotopes ◽  
Planktic Foraminifera

Specimens of Recent foraminifera of Amphistegina radiata, Peneroplis planatus and Globigerinoides ruber, from fifty samples of surface sediments of the continental margin of the State of Ceará, Brazil, have been analyzed for carbon and oxygen isotopes to investigate oceanographic parameters and determine the values of delta18O of the oceanic water. From a comparison between values of delta18O obtained for ocean water using the linear equations by (Craig and Gordon 1965) and the one by Wolff et al. (1998), it became evident that the former yielded a more reliable value (0.2‰ SMOW) than the latter. Lower values of delta18O for the ocean water in this continental margin resulted from continental water influence. Values of 18O (-0.3‰ to -1.5‰ PDB for benthic foraminifera and -0.6‰ to -2.4‰ PDB for planktic foraminifera), attest to a variation of temperatures of oceanic water masses, in average, between 20 to 22ºC in deep water and 24 to 27ºC, in surface water. Values of delta13C from +3.2‰ to -0.2‰ PDB (benthic foraminifera) reflect a variation in the apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) in the continental margin and indicate that the environments of bacteriological decomposition of organic matter are not continuous along the investigated area.

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