Comparative evaluation of cephalometric and occlusal characteristics between the Long Face pattern and Pattern I

OBJECTIVE: To compare the cephalometric and intraoral characteristics between Long Face pattern and Pattern I patients, besides evaluating associations between subjective facial patterns, cephalometric facial patterns and the intraoral characteristics. METHODS: Through evaluation of frontal and right side extraoral photographs, three previously calibrated and experienced examiners selected 30 Long Face patients (Group 1) and 30 Pattern I patients (Group 2), aged between 9 and 19 years, of both genders. The cephalometric characteristics were assessed by the following variables: SN.GoGn, NS.Gn, AIFH, SNA, SNB, ANB, 1.1, 1.NA,1-NA, 1.NB, 1-NB, NA.Po, nasolabial angle and H-Nose. Clinical evaluations were also performed to determine the presence of posterior crossbite, anterior open bite and type of Angle's malocclusion. The cephalometric data were compared by independent t test. The chi-square test was used to evaluate the association between qualitative variables. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed between groups regarding the variables SN.GoGn, NS.Gn, AIFH, ANB, NA.Pog, 1-NA, 1.NB and 1-NB, with an increase of these measures in Group 1. There were also significant differences between groups on variable 1.1, being lower in Group 1 than in Group 2. CONCLUSIONS: The Long Face was associated to Angle Class II malocclusion, to the presence of posterior crossbite and to anterior open bite. The Long Face subjective facial pattern was associated to dolichofacial cephalometric pattern.

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Do Camels (Camelus dromedarius) Need Shaded Areas? A Case Study of the Camel Market in Doha

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11020480 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 480

Author(s):

Martina Zappaterra ◽

Laura Menchetti ◽

Leonardo Nanni Costa ◽

Barbara Padalino

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc ◽

The Sun ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Variable Space ◽

Group 2 ◽

Sun And Shade ◽

Poor Welfare ◽

Group 1

This study aimed at documenting whether dromedary camels have a preference for shade and how their behavior would change depending on the presence of shade and variable space allowance. A total of 421 animals kept in 76 pens (66 with shelter (Group 1), and 10 without shelter (Group 2)) at the camel market in Doha (Qatar) were recorded for 1 min around 11:00 a.m. when the temperature was above 40 °C. The number of animals in the sun and shade and their behaviors were analyzed using an ad libitum sampling method and an ad hoc ethogram. The results of a chi-square test indicated that camels in Group 1 had a clear preference for shade (p < 0.001). The majority of Group 1 camels were indeed observed in the shade (312/421; 74.11%). These camels spent more time in recumbency and ruminating, while standing, walking, and self-grooming were more commonly expressed by the camels in the sun (p < 0.001). Moreover, locomotory stereotypic behaviors (i.e., pacing) increased as space allowance decreased (p = 0.002). Based on the findings of this pilot study, camels demonstrated a preference for shade; shade seemed to promote positive welfare, while overcrowding seemed to trigger stereotypy and poor welfare. Overall, our preliminary results are novel and provide evidence that shaded areas are of paramount importance for camel welfare. Further research, involving designed studies at multiple locations is needed to confirm these results.

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Malocclusion: Social, Functional and Emotional Influence on Children

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/jcpd.37.1.y75430328427210j ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 103-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

PA Martins-Júnior ◽

LS Marques ◽

ML Ramos-Jorge ML

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Open Bite ◽

Anterior Open Bite ◽

Chi Square ◽

Exact Test ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Impact

Objectives: To determine the association between types of malocclusion and quality of life in children between 8-10 years of age and establish correlations between the severity of the malocclusion and particular bio-psychosocial variables. Study design: The sample was made up of 102 schoolchildren aged 8-10 years. Clinical exams were performed using the criteria of the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) to determine the presence and severity of malocclusions. The impact on quality of life was assessed using the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10). Statistical analysis involved the chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and Spearman's correlation analysis. Results: Malocclusions affected 61% of the children examined. There was a positive correlation between total CPQ8-10 and DAI scores (P = 0.034). The following types of malocclusion had a significant effect on the quality of life of the children: upper anterior irregularity ≥ 2 mm, anterior open bite ≥ 2mm and diastema ≥ 2mm. Children with malocclusion experienced a greater negative impact on quality of life in comparison to those without malocclusion. Conclusions: Malocclusions had a negative influence over the quality of life of children between 8-10 years of age. More severe malocclusions had a greater impact with regard to social, emotional and functional aspects.

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The fetus gender value in the structure of obstetric pathology in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Medical Herald of the South of Russia ◽

10.21886/2219-8075-2021-12-4-20-26 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 20-26

Author(s):

A. D. Fabrikant ◽

T. I. Botasheva ◽

A. N. Rymashevsky ◽

Yu. A. Petrov ◽

N. V. Palieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Uterine Cavity ◽

Obstetric Complications ◽

Chi Square ◽

Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Male Sex ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Objective: To study the obstetric pathology and delivery outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes depending on the sex of the fetus.Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 2014 histories of pregnancy and childbirth of women with gestational diabetes (GD) over the period of 2018-2021, was carried out. Two groups were formed based on the sex of the fetus: Group 1 (1012 pregnant women) with male fetuses and Group 2 (1002 pregnant women) with female fetuses. For statistical analysis, the proportions (%) were compared using the Pearson’s χ2 (chi-square) test.Results: It was proved that the male sex of the fetus is a risk factor for the GD and concomitant obstetric complications (placental insufficiency, risk of preterm birth, fetal macrosomia). The prevalence of hypotonic bleeding, defects of the placenta, and placenta increta, and related cases of manual control of the uterine cavity and uterus extirpation in mothers of boys with GD was established. Also, in patients of this group, birth injuries consisting in a rupture of the posterior labial commissure were significantly more often registered as a result of childbirth with a large fetus, while cases of cervical rupture prevailed in women with female fetuses.Conclusions: The revealed dependence of the nature of obstetric complications and the course of labor on the sex of the fetus in pregnant women with GD warrant developing a monitoring system that takes into account the gender of the fetus.

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CLOSED TIBIAL FRACTURES

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/18.4240 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (11) ◽

pp. 1643-1648

Author(s):

Hamid Saeed ◽

Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman ◽

Samee Javed Bhatti ◽

Aamir Furqan

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Compression ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

P Values ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Group 2 ◽

Compression Plating ◽

Dynamic Compression Plating ◽

Group 1

Objectives: The objective is to compare the radiological outcome of closedinterlock intramedullary nailing versus dynamic compression plating in closed tibial fracture.Study Design: Randomized controlled trials. Setting: Department of orthopedics NishtarHospital Multan. Period: 9th July 2016 to March 2017. Methodology: There were 302 patientsdivided in two equal groups of 151. Permission was taken from the ethical committee of NishtarHospital. The 302 patients in age group 20-50 years of both genders meeting the inclusionand exclusion criteria attending the outpatient clinic or admitted to the orthopedics departmentthrough emergency were included in the study. All the data entered and analyzed usingcomputer software SPSS version 10. For quantitative variables like age and duration of fracturemean and standard deviation was calculated. For categorical variables like gender, malunionand infection frequency and percentage were calculated. Chi-square test was applied tocompare the malunion and infection in both groups. A p value 0.05 was considered statisticallysignificant. Results: The 100% (n=302) patients were divided into 2 groups equally, 151 ineach, i.e. intramedullary nail (group 1) and dynamic compression plating (group 2). The mainoutcome variables of this study were the malunion and infection. It was observed that malunionpresented as 57% (n=86) and 70.9% (n=107) in group 1 and group 2 respectively. It was alsoobserved that infection presented as 23.2% (n=35) and 37.1% (n=56) in group 1 and group 2respectively. After applying chi-square test, it was noted that malunion associated with groupshaving p-value 0.012. But it was not associated with gender, stratified age and duration offracture having p-values 0.497, 0.800 and 0.218 respectively. Similarly, after applying chi-squaretest, it was noted that infection associated with gender and groups having p-values 0.007 and0.008 respectively. But it was not associated with stratified age and duration of fracture havingp-values 0.565 and 0.344 respectively. Conclusion: Closed interlock intramedullary nailinghas malunion and infection rates less than dynamic compression plating. So closed interlockintramedullary nailing is preferred method of closed tibia diaphyseal fracture treatment.

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Expression of Sigma-Class Glutathione-S-Transferase in Fetal and Pediatric Filum Terminale Samples: A Comparative Study

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55050133 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (5) ◽

pp. 133

Author(s):

Cahit Kural ◽

Serpil Oguztuzun ◽

Gülçin Güler Şimşek ◽

Servet Guresci ◽

Pınar Kaygın ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tethered Cord ◽

Filum Terminale ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Normal Human ◽

Group 2 ◽

The Relationship ◽

Group 1

Background and objectives: The pathophysiology of tethered cord syndrome (TCS) in children is not well elucidated. An inelastic filum terminale (FT) is the main factor underlying the stretching of the spinal cord in TCS. Our study aimed to investigate the expression of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in children and fetal FT samples in order to understand the relationship between this enzyme expression and the development of TCS. Materials and Methods: FT samples were obtained from ten children with TCS (Group 1) and histological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed. For comparison, FT samples from fifteen normal human fetuses (Group 2) were also analyzed using the same techniques. Statistical comparison was made using a Chi-square test. Results: Positive GST-sigma expression was detected in eight (80%) of 10 samples in Group 1. The positive GST-sigma expression was less frequent in nine (60%) of 15 samples from Group 2. No statistically significant difference was detected between the two groups (p = 0.197). Conclusions: Decreased FT elasticity in TCS may be associated with increased GST expression in FT. More prospective studies are needed to clarify the mechanism of the GST–TCS relationship in children.

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Expression of CD44 and CD133 in tumor сells of metastatic and non-metastatic gastric cancer.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e15531 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e15531-e15531

Author(s):

Aleksandr B. Sagakyants ◽

Oleg I. Kit ◽

Elena P. Ulianova ◽

Elena Yu. Zlatnik ◽

Inna A. Novikova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Immunohistochemical Study ◽

Single Cells ◽

Chi Square ◽

Positive Expression ◽

Tumor Tissues ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

e15531 Background: High incidence and mortality rates of gastric cancer cause a constant search for the most informative and effective methods of diagnosis and treatment assessment. In this regard, studying the expression of markers with the stem phenotype in primary tumor tissues in patients with gastric cancer with and without metastases is of undoubted interest. Methods: The study included 20 gastric cancer patients aged 30-80 years: group 1 – gastric cancer T3-4аN0-3M0 (G2) without metastasis (58.9±9.7 years); group 2 – gastric cancer T3-4аN0-3M1 (G2) with peritoneal metastasis (53.4±11.9 years). Immunohistochemical study was performed on paraffin-embedded tumor tissue sections using mouse monoclonal antibodies to CD44 (156-3С11 Thermo Scientific) at a 1:2500 dilution and rabbit polyclonal antibodies to CD133 (Cloud-Clone Corp.) at a 1:700 dilution; the Thermo Scientific autostainer was used for staining. Membrane staining and staining intensity were assessed: 0, 1+ weak, 2+ moderate, 3+ strong staining. Positive expression was defined as ≥10% cut-off for CD44 and ˃5% for CD133. Results: Positive expression of CD44+ was detected in 67% (13) in group 2 vs. 20% (4) in group 1. In the metastatic group, the number of cells that stained positive for CD44 expression ranged from 9 to 15%, on average 10.0±3.08%, without metastases – from single cells to 13%, on average 6.0±2.3%. A chi-square test showed statistically significant association in the groups (8.256 at p = 0.004). Positive CD133+ expression in tumor tissues was registered in 100% (20) in group 2 and 80% (16) in group 1. The range of positively stained cells in group 2 was from 10 to 40%, on average 21.3±11.6%, in group 1 - from single cells to 14%, on average 10.0±2.4%. A chi-square test showed statistically significant association in the groups (4.444 at p = 0.036). Conclusions: Immunohistochemical study of the selected tumor cell markers in gastric cancer revealed some characteristics of their expression depending on the presence of metastases. The results can be the basis for further research for the most complete characterization of a heterogeneous tumor population in gastric cancer and the role of individual cells in the tumor growth, progression and metastasis.

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Anterior Open Bite and Speech Disorders in Children with Down Syndrome

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/092006-379rr.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 78 (2) ◽

pp. 221-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rubén López-Pérez ◽

S. Aida Borges-Yáñez ◽

Patricia López-Morales

Keyword(s):

Down Syndrome ◽

Speech Disorders ◽

Open Bite ◽

Control Group ◽

Anterior Open Bite ◽

Chi Square ◽

Children With Down Syndrome ◽

Mexican Children ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence and to determine if there is an association between anterior open bite and the presence of speech disorders in a group of Mexican children with Down syndrome (DS). Materials and Methods: The subjects were a group of Mexican children with Down syndrome (DG) and a control group (CG) of Mexican pediatric patients without disabilities matched by age. The children in both groups came from families having children with anterior open bite and children without it. A parental questionnaire, dental study casts, and a speech test were used to measure the studied variables. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test (χ2 test), and one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Tukey post hoc test. Results: Prevalence of anterior open bite was 31.6% in the DG and 22.8% in the CG. The total speech errors by omissions, substitutions, distortions, and additions indicated that there were significant differences between both groups (F = 31.68, P < .001). In general, no significant difference in speech disorders was observed between the DG and the CG regardless of the presence of anterior open bite. Conclusions: No association existed between speech disorders and anterior open bite in the samples studied.

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Clinical and Angiographic Features of Nonspecific Aorto-Arteritis in Children and Adults

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1177/028418519103200609 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 485-487

Author(s):

S. Sharma ◽

M. Rajani ◽

T. Kamalakar ◽

K. K. Talwar ◽

K. R. Sunderam

Keyword(s):

Thoracic Aorta ◽

Abdominal Aorta ◽

Pulmonary Involvement ◽

Clinical Feature ◽

Descending Thoracic Aorta ◽

Chi Square ◽

Congestive Failure ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

We compared clinical and angiographic features of nonspecific aorto-arteritis in children with those of adult patients. Digital subtraction angiography by i.v. and/or i.a. injection was carried out in 104 patients. In group 1, consisting of 32 patients aged 16 years and younger, hypertension (75%) was the most common clinical feature, followed by diminished pulse, bruit (72% each), congestive cardiac failure (38%), and limb claudication (13%). Obstructing arterial lesions were always present and commonly involved the abdominal aorta (75%), descending thoracic aorta (41%), renal (63%) and subclavian (41%)) arteries. In Group 2, consisting of 72 patients more than 16 years of age, arterial bruit (91%), and diminished pulse (82%) were the most common symptoms. Hypertension occurred in 61%, congestive failure in 14%, and limb claudication in 30%. Obstructing lesions were always seen and commonly involved the abdominal aorta (77%) and renal arteries (64%). Involvement of the descending thoracic aorta (26%) was less common but subclavian (57%) and carotid (24%) arteries were more commonly involved than in group 1. Arterial aneurysms and pulmonary involvement were uncommon in both groups. There were some clinical and angiographic differences in nonspecific aorto-arteritis between children and adults but these were statistically insignificant (chi-square test).

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Genetic Polymorphism in MMP9 May Be Associated With Anterior Open Bite in Children

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201600992 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 277-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Erika Calvano Küchler ◽

Driely Barreiros ◽

Raphaela Oliveira da Silva ◽

Júlia Guimarães Barcellos de Abreu ◽

Ellen Cardoso Teixeira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Recessive Model ◽

Open Bite ◽

Anterior Open Bite ◽

Chi Square ◽

Genotype Frequencies ◽

Chi Square Test

Abstract Anterior open bite (AOB) has a multifactorial etiology caused by the interaction of sucking habits and genetic factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between AOB and polymorphisms in genes that encode Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs). Four hundred and seventy-two children that presented at least one sucking habit were evaluated. Children were examined clinically for the presence of AOB. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva. Genotyping of the selected polymorphisms in MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, TIMP1 and TIMP2 was carried out by real-time PCR using the TaqMan method. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between the groups with and without AOB using the PLINK® software in a free and in a recessive model using a chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was implemented (p≤0.05). Two hundred nineteen children had AOB while 253 did not. The polymorphism rs17576 in MMP9 was significantly associated with AOB (p=0.009). In a recessive model GG genotype was a protective factor for AOB (p=0.014; OR 4.6, 95%CI 1.3-16.2). In the logistic regression analysis, none of the genes was associated with AOB. In conclusion, the polymorphism rs17576 (glutamine for arginine substitution) in MMP9 was a protective factor for AOB.

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Retrospective Evaluuation of the Outcomes in the Patients with Chiari's Malformation Undergoing Surgical Treatment

International Journal of Scientific Research and Management ◽

10.18535/ijsrm/v8i08.mp02 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (08) ◽

pp. 387-395

Author(s):

İsmail Kaya ◽

İlker Deniz Cingöz ◽

Nurullah Yüceer

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Surgical Outcomes ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Type I ◽

Tonsillar Herniation ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Rate Of Recovery ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Introduction and Objectives: We aimed at evaluating retrospectively effects of surgery on the clinical symptoms and signs and imaging parameters in the patients with Chiari's malformation undergoing surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: Medical charts and radiological images of the patients with Chiari's Malformation type I who had surgical treatment between January 2008 and July 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were classified as those having good (in whom the symptoms disappeared or reduced), stabilized (with preoperative symptoms persisting without any progression), or poor (with preoperative symptoms progressing in the postoperative period) outcomes. Findings: All patients underwent FMD, Cl laminectomy and duraplasty. Seventeen subjects underwent removal of arachnoid adhesions, 10 subjects underwent opening of the fourth ventricle, and one subject underwent subpial resection. Of the patients, 28 were female and 11 were male with ratio of females to males being 25:1. The youngest patient was 5 years old and the eldest one was 51 years old, and mean age of the patients was 3231 ± 3131 years. The subjects were divided in two groups based on presence or absence of associated syringomyelia: those with syringamyelia (Group 1, n = 15) and those without syringomyelia (Group 2, n = 24). Postoperatively, in the Group 1 (SM 1- CM) 10 (66.7%) patients had good, 3 (20%) had stabilized and 2 (133%) patients had poor surgical outcomes. In the Group 2, 23 (918%) subjects had good and 1 (4.2%) subject had stabilized outcomes. For the Group 2, rate of recovery was higher than in the Group 1 (918% and 66.7%, respectively; Pearson's chi-square test, P = 0.014). Rate of recovery in 21 subjects with degree of tonsillar herniation being more than 11 mm (95.2%) was statistically significantly higher than 18 subjects with degree of tonsillar herniation being less than 11 mm (72.2%) (Pearson's chi-square test, P = 0.047). Results: FMD is a safe and efficient surgical method for the Chiari malformations with or without associated syringomyelia. The subjects without associated syringomyelia benefited more from the surgery. Complications related to CSF may be reduced using additional tissue glues. Studies with greater number of cases should be conducted on the effect of degree of tonsillar herniation on surgical outcomes.

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