Expression of Sigma-Class Glutathione-S-Transferase in Fetal and Pediatric Filum Terminale Samples: A Comparative Study

Background and objectives: The pathophysiology of tethered cord syndrome (TCS) in children is not well elucidated. An inelastic filum terminale (FT) is the main factor underlying the stretching of the spinal cord in TCS. Our study aimed to investigate the expression of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in children and fetal FT samples in order to understand the relationship between this enzyme expression and the development of TCS. Materials and Methods: FT samples were obtained from ten children with TCS (Group 1) and histological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed. For comparison, FT samples from fifteen normal human fetuses (Group 2) were also analyzed using the same techniques. Statistical comparison was made using a Chi-square test. Results: Positive GST-sigma expression was detected in eight (80%) of 10 samples in Group 1. The positive GST-sigma expression was less frequent in nine (60%) of 15 samples from Group 2. No statistically significant difference was detected between the two groups (p = 0.197). Conclusions: Decreased FT elasticity in TCS may be associated with increased GST expression in FT. More prospective studies are needed to clarify the mechanism of the GST–TCS relationship in children.

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Influence of Location of the Gingival Margin on the Microleakage and Internal Voids of Nanocomposites

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jcdp-9-7-65 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 65-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Emre Ozel ◽

Yonca Korkmaz ◽

Nuray Attar

Keyword(s):

Bonferroni Correction ◽

Chi Square ◽

Gingival Margin ◽

Group 4 ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Abstract Aim The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the cervical microleakage and internal voids of nanocomposites comparing them with a hybrid composite in Class II restorations with the margins located coronal and apical to the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). Methods and Materials Standardized MOD cavities (one cervical margin located in dentin, one in enamel) were prepared in 40 extracted human molars and divided into four groups according to the composite used to restore them (n=10/group). Group 1: Adper Single Bond2/Filtek Supreme XT; Group 2: Excite/Tetric EvoCeram; Group 3: Prime & BondNT/Ceram X; and Group 4 (control) Adper Single Bond2/Filtek Z250. Groups were further divided into subgroups A and B. The “A” subgroups represent the level of the location of the cervial margin at 1 mm coronal to the CEJ, and the “B” subgroups represent the level of the cervical margin located 1 mm apical to the CEJ. After restoration of the cavities with nanocomposites, thermocycling, and immersion in 0.5% basic fuchsin, the dye penetration and internal voids were evaluated under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests with the Bonferroni correction for microleakage and with the Chi-square test for internal voids (p<0.05). Results The microleakage in the A subgroups was statistically significantly lower then B subgroups (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in terms of interface, cervical, and occlusal voids for all groups (p>0.05). No significant difference was observed between each group for three voids in all groups (p>0.05). Conclusion The location of the gingival margin affects the microleakage of nanocomposites but has no significant affect on the internal voids. Clinical Significance Gingival margin located 1 mm coronal to the CEJ provided a reduction in cervical microleakage in nanocomposite restorations. Citation Ozel E, Korkmaz Y, Attar N. Influence of Location of the Gingival Margin on the Microleakage and Internal Voids of Nanocomposites. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 November; (9)7:065-072.

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Probiotic Supplements do not Increase the Effectiveness of Antibiotics in the Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis

Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.32771/inajog.v1i4.365 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Ratnah Hamid

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Vaginosis ◽

Standard Therapy ◽

Obstet Gynecol ◽

Teaching Hospitals ◽

Probiotic Supplementation ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Objective : This study aims to assess the effect of the addition of probiotic supplement to the standard therapy on the recovery of Bacterial vaginosis infection. Methods: The research was conducted by taking samples from Obstetrics and Gynecology Department in several teaching hospitals of Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University. This study was an experimental study. Consecutive sampling was conducted on 50 samples, which were then divided into two groups. Group 1 received Metronidazol therapy 2 times a day for 7 days, while group 2 received Metronidazol therapy 2 times a day supplemented with oral Probiotic of once a day for 7 days. The data were analysed by using the chi-square test. Results: There is no significant difference in the recovery of bacterial vaginosis infection between the group that received the probiotic supplementation and the group that did not. Conclusion: The addition of probiotic supplement to the standard therapy of BV infection does not show any signifcant effect. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 1-4: 194-8] Keyword: bacterial vaginosis, probiotic supplement, recovery, standard therapy

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The Relationship between Serum Ferritin Levels and 5-Year All-Cause Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients

Blood Purification ◽

10.1159/000515639 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Emre Erdem ◽

Ahmet Karatas ◽

Tevfik Ecder

Keyword(s):

Serum Ferritin ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Rank Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

The Relationship ◽

Group 1

Introduction: The effect of high serum ferritin levels on long-term mortality in hemodialysis patients is unknown. The relationship between serum ferritin levels and 5-year all-cause mortality in hemodialysis patients was investigated in this study. Methods: A total of 173 prevalent hemodialysis patients were included in this study. The patients were followed for up to 5 years and divided into 3 groups according to time-averaged serum ferritin levels (group 1: serum ferritin <800 ng/mL, group 2: serum ferritin 800–1,500 ng/mL, and group 3: serum ferritin >1,500 ng/mL). Along with the serum ferritin levels, other clinical and laboratory variables that may affect mortality were also included in the Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis. Results: Eighty-one (47%) patients died during the 5-year follow-up period. The median follow-up time was 38 (17.5–60) months. The 5-year survival rates of groups 1, 2, and 3 were 44, 64, and 27%, respectively. In group 3, the survival was lower than in groups 1 and 2 (log-rank test, p = 0.002). In group 1, the mortality was significantly lower than in group 3 (HR [95% CI]: 0.16 [0.05–0.49]; p = 0.001). In group 2, the mortality was also lower than in group 3 (HR [95% CI]: 0.32 [0.12–0.88]; p = 0.026). No significant difference in mortality between groups 1 and 2 was found (HR [95% CI]: 0.49 [0.23–1.04]; p = 0.063). Conclusion: Time-averaged serum ferritin levels >1,500 ng/mL in hemodialysis patients are associated with an increased 5-year all-cause mortality risk.

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Do Camels (Camelus dromedarius) Need Shaded Areas? A Case Study of the Camel Market in Doha

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11020480 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 480

Author(s):

Martina Zappaterra ◽

Laura Menchetti ◽

Leonardo Nanni Costa ◽

Barbara Padalino

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc ◽

The Sun ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Variable Space ◽

Group 2 ◽

Sun And Shade ◽

Poor Welfare ◽

Group 1

This study aimed at documenting whether dromedary camels have a preference for shade and how their behavior would change depending on the presence of shade and variable space allowance. A total of 421 animals kept in 76 pens (66 with shelter (Group 1), and 10 without shelter (Group 2)) at the camel market in Doha (Qatar) were recorded for 1 min around 11:00 a.m. when the temperature was above 40 °C. The number of animals in the sun and shade and their behaviors were analyzed using an ad libitum sampling method and an ad hoc ethogram. The results of a chi-square test indicated that camels in Group 1 had a clear preference for shade (p < 0.001). The majority of Group 1 camels were indeed observed in the shade (312/421; 74.11%). These camels spent more time in recumbency and ruminating, while standing, walking, and self-grooming were more commonly expressed by the camels in the sun (p < 0.001). Moreover, locomotory stereotypic behaviors (i.e., pacing) increased as space allowance decreased (p = 0.002). Based on the findings of this pilot study, camels demonstrated a preference for shade; shade seemed to promote positive welfare, while overcrowding seemed to trigger stereotypy and poor welfare. Overall, our preliminary results are novel and provide evidence that shaded areas are of paramount importance for camel welfare. Further research, involving designed studies at multiple locations is needed to confirm these results.

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Interaction Between Age and Change in Velocity During a Baseball Training Program

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/2325967120927939 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 232596712092793

Author(s):

Christopher Antonacci ◽

Thomas R. Atlee ◽

Peter N. Chalmers ◽

Christopher Hadley ◽

Meghan E. Bishop ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Training Program ◽

Age Groups ◽

Maximum Velocity ◽

Age Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 3 ◽

Baseball Pitchers ◽

Group 2 ◽

The Relationship ◽

Group 1

Background: Pitching velocity is one of the most important metrics used to evaluate a baseball pitcher’s effectiveness. The relationship between age and pitching velocity after a lighter ball baseball training program has not been determined. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between age and pitching velocity after a lighter ball baseball training program. We hypothesized that pitching velocity would significantly increase in all adolescent age groups after a lighter baseball training program, without a significant difference in magnitude of increase based on age. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Baseball pitchers aged 10 to 17 years who completed a 15-week training program focused on pitching mechanics and velocity improvement were included in this study. Pitchers were split into 3 groups based on age (group 1, 10-12 years; group 2, 13-14 years; group 3, 15-17 years), and each group trained independently. Pitch velocity was assessed at 4 time points (sessions 3, 10, 17, and 25). Mean, maximum, and mean change in pitch velocity between sessions were compared by age group. Results: A total of 32 male baseball pitchers were included in the analysis. Mean/maximum velocity increased in all 3 age groups: 3.4/4.8 mph in group 1, 5.3/5.5 mph in group 2, and 5.3/5.2 mph in group 3. While mean percentage change in pitch velocity increased in all 3 age groups (group 1, 6.5%; group 2, 8.3%; group 3, 7.6%), the magnitude of change was not significantly different among age groups. Program session number had a significant effect on mean and maximum velocity, with higher mean and maximum velocity seen at later sessions in the training program ( P = .018). There was no interaction between age and program session within either mean or maximum velocity ( P = .316 and .572, respectively). Conclusion: Age had no significant effect on the magnitude of increase in maximum or mean baseball pitch velocity during a velocity and mechanics training program in adolescent males.

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A Strategic Approach to Implementation of Medical Mentorship Programs

Journal of Graduate Medical Education ◽

10.4300/jgme-d-15-00335.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 68-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Thomas J. Caruso ◽

Diane H. Steinberg ◽

Nancy Piro ◽

Kimberly Walker ◽

Rebecca Blankenburg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Training Programs ◽

Psychosocial Support ◽

Control Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Mentorship Program ◽

Professional Aspirations ◽

Group 2 ◽

Survey Responses ◽

The Relationship ◽

Group 1

ABSTRACT Background Mentors influence medical trainees' experiences through career enhancement and psychosocial support, yet some trainees never receive benefits from involved mentors. Objective Our goals were to examine the effectiveness of 2 interventions aimed at increasing the number of mentors in training programs, and to assess group differences in mentor effectiveness, the relationship between trainees' satisfaction with their programs given the presence of mentors, and the relationship between the number of trainees with mentors and postgraduate year (PGY). Methods In group 1, a physician adviser funded by the graduate medical education department implemented mentorships in 6 residency programs, while group 2 involved a training program with funded physician mentoring time. The remaining 89 training programs served as controls. Chi-square tests were used to determine differences. Results Survey responses from group 1, group 2, and controls were 47 of 84 (56%), 34 of 78 (44%), and 471 of 981 (48%, P = .38), respectively. The percentages of trainees reporting a mentor in group 1, group 2, and the control group were 89%, 97%, and 79%, respectively (P = .01). There were no differences in mentor effectiveness between groups. Mentored trainees were more likely to be satisfied with their programs (P = .01) and to report that faculty supported their professional aspirations (P = .001). Across all programs, fewer first-year trainees (59%) identified a mentor compared to PGY-2 through PGY-8 trainees (84%, P < .001). Conclusions A supported mentorship program is an effective way to create an educational environment that maximizes trainees' perceptions of mentorship and satisfaction with their training programs.

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The fetus gender value in the structure of obstetric pathology in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Medical Herald of the South of Russia ◽

10.21886/2219-8075-2021-12-4-20-26 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 20-26

Author(s):

A. D. Fabrikant ◽

T. I. Botasheva ◽

A. N. Rymashevsky ◽

Yu. A. Petrov ◽

N. V. Palieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Uterine Cavity ◽

Obstetric Complications ◽

Chi Square ◽

Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Male Sex ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Objective: To study the obstetric pathology and delivery outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes depending on the sex of the fetus.Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 2014 histories of pregnancy and childbirth of women with gestational diabetes (GD) over the period of 2018-2021, was carried out. Two groups were formed based on the sex of the fetus: Group 1 (1012 pregnant women) with male fetuses and Group 2 (1002 pregnant women) with female fetuses. For statistical analysis, the proportions (%) were compared using the Pearson’s χ2 (chi-square) test.Results: It was proved that the male sex of the fetus is a risk factor for the GD and concomitant obstetric complications (placental insufficiency, risk of preterm birth, fetal macrosomia). The prevalence of hypotonic bleeding, defects of the placenta, and placenta increta, and related cases of manual control of the uterine cavity and uterus extirpation in mothers of boys with GD was established. Also, in patients of this group, birth injuries consisting in a rupture of the posterior labial commissure were significantly more often registered as a result of childbirth with a large fetus, while cases of cervical rupture prevailed in women with female fetuses.Conclusions: The revealed dependence of the nature of obstetric complications and the course of labor on the sex of the fetus in pregnant women with GD warrant developing a monitoring system that takes into account the gender of the fetus.

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CLOSED TIBIAL FRACTURES

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/18.4240 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (11) ◽

pp. 1643-1648

Author(s):

Hamid Saeed ◽

Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman ◽

Samee Javed Bhatti ◽

Aamir Furqan

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Compression ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

P Values ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Group 2 ◽

Compression Plating ◽

Dynamic Compression Plating ◽

Group 1

Objectives: The objective is to compare the radiological outcome of closedinterlock intramedullary nailing versus dynamic compression plating in closed tibial fracture.Study Design: Randomized controlled trials. Setting: Department of orthopedics NishtarHospital Multan. Period: 9th July 2016 to March 2017. Methodology: There were 302 patientsdivided in two equal groups of 151. Permission was taken from the ethical committee of NishtarHospital. The 302 patients in age group 20-50 years of both genders meeting the inclusionand exclusion criteria attending the outpatient clinic or admitted to the orthopedics departmentthrough emergency were included in the study. All the data entered and analyzed usingcomputer software SPSS version 10. For quantitative variables like age and duration of fracturemean and standard deviation was calculated. For categorical variables like gender, malunionand infection frequency and percentage were calculated. Chi-square test was applied tocompare the malunion and infection in both groups. A p value 0.05 was considered statisticallysignificant. Results: The 100% (n=302) patients were divided into 2 groups equally, 151 ineach, i.e. intramedullary nail (group 1) and dynamic compression plating (group 2). The mainoutcome variables of this study were the malunion and infection. It was observed that malunionpresented as 57% (n=86) and 70.9% (n=107) in group 1 and group 2 respectively. It was alsoobserved that infection presented as 23.2% (n=35) and 37.1% (n=56) in group 1 and group 2respectively. After applying chi-square test, it was noted that malunion associated with groupshaving p-value 0.012. But it was not associated with gender, stratified age and duration offracture having p-values 0.497, 0.800 and 0.218 respectively. Similarly, after applying chi-squaretest, it was noted that infection associated with gender and groups having p-values 0.007 and0.008 respectively. But it was not associated with stratified age and duration of fracture havingp-values 0.565 and 0.344 respectively. Conclusion: Closed interlock intramedullary nailinghas malunion and infection rates less than dynamic compression plating. So closed interlockintramedullary nailing is preferred method of closed tibia diaphyseal fracture treatment.

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Palmaris longus absence in six largest Indonesian ethnicities and its relationship with gender, ethnicity, and hand dominance

Medical Journal of Indonesia ◽

10.13181/mji.v24i1.1191 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 24-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Syaiful A. Hadi ◽

Dody P. Masri

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hand Dominance ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Indonesian Population ◽

Palmaris Longus ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Absence Rate ◽

The Relationship

Background: Palmaris longus (PL) tendon is often used as graft in tendon or ligament reconstruction. PL absence is a normal variation in human body. Its prevalence was different in various population. Serbian population had an absence rate of 42.4%, but in the Korean population it was only 4.0%. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PL absence in various ethnic of Indonesian population and its relationship with gender and side of hand dominance. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 1230 people from six ethnicities in Indonesia. The absence of PL was determined by Schaeffer test and confirmed with Mishra and Thompson test. Data collection was performed by a single examiner in various cities in Indonesia. The relationship between PL absence with ethnicity, gender, and hand dominance were determined by Chi-square test. Results: Prevalence of PL absence in overall Indonesian population was 10.4% (bilateral 37.5% and unilateral 62.5%). The highest were in Batak and Madura ethnicities (15.5%), followed by Sunda (11.8%), Java (10.0%), Betawi (6.0%), and the lowest was Minang ethnicity (4.1%) (p = 0.008). Prevalence of PL absence in female and male were 10.7% 10.2%, respectively, p > 0.05).Conclusion: Compared to range of prevalence in other countries in the world, prevalence of PL absence in Indonesian population was moderate (10.4%). There was significant difference found between ethnicity, but not in gender. Surgeon should consider this data when planning for reconstruction procedures using PL graft in Indonesian population.

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Expression of CD44 and CD133 in tumor сells of metastatic and non-metastatic gastric cancer.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e15531 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e15531-e15531

Author(s):

Aleksandr B. Sagakyants ◽

Oleg I. Kit ◽

Elena P. Ulianova ◽

Elena Yu. Zlatnik ◽

Inna A. Novikova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Immunohistochemical Study ◽

Single Cells ◽

Chi Square ◽

Positive Expression ◽

Tumor Tissues ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

e15531 Background: High incidence and mortality rates of gastric cancer cause a constant search for the most informative and effective methods of diagnosis and treatment assessment. In this regard, studying the expression of markers with the stem phenotype in primary tumor tissues in patients with gastric cancer with and without metastases is of undoubted interest. Methods: The study included 20 gastric cancer patients aged 30-80 years: group 1 – gastric cancer T3-4аN0-3M0 (G2) without metastasis (58.9±9.7 years); group 2 – gastric cancer T3-4аN0-3M1 (G2) with peritoneal metastasis (53.4±11.9 years). Immunohistochemical study was performed on paraffin-embedded tumor tissue sections using mouse monoclonal antibodies to CD44 (156-3С11 Thermo Scientific) at a 1:2500 dilution and rabbit polyclonal antibodies to CD133 (Cloud-Clone Corp.) at a 1:700 dilution; the Thermo Scientific autostainer was used for staining. Membrane staining and staining intensity were assessed: 0, 1+ weak, 2+ moderate, 3+ strong staining. Positive expression was defined as ≥10% cut-off for CD44 and ˃5% for CD133. Results: Positive expression of CD44+ was detected in 67% (13) in group 2 vs. 20% (4) in group 1. In the metastatic group, the number of cells that stained positive for CD44 expression ranged from 9 to 15%, on average 10.0±3.08%, without metastases – from single cells to 13%, on average 6.0±2.3%. A chi-square test showed statistically significant association in the groups (8.256 at p = 0.004). Positive CD133+ expression in tumor tissues was registered in 100% (20) in group 2 and 80% (16) in group 1. The range of positively stained cells in group 2 was from 10 to 40%, on average 21.3±11.6%, in group 1 - from single cells to 14%, on average 10.0±2.4%. A chi-square test showed statistically significant association in the groups (4.444 at p = 0.036). Conclusions: Immunohistochemical study of the selected tumor cell markers in gastric cancer revealed some characteristics of their expression depending on the presence of metastases. The results can be the basis for further research for the most complete characterization of a heterogeneous tumor population in gastric cancer and the role of individual cells in the tumor growth, progression and metastasis.

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