scholarly journals Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Single-Cell Oils to Hydrocarbon Fuels

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Kruger ◽  
Eric P. Knoshaug ◽  
Tao Dong ◽  
Tobias C. Hull ◽  
Philip T. Pienkos
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuels ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Microbial Lipids ◽  
Catalytic Upgrading ◽  
Diesel Fuels ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Single Cell Oils ◽  
Insight Into

Microbial lipids hold great promise as biofuel precursors, and research efforts to convert such lipids to renewable diesel fuels have been increasing in recent years. In contrast to the numerous literature reviews on growing, characterizing, and extracting lipids from oleaginous microbes, and on converting vegetable oils to hydrocarbon fuels, this review aims to provide insight into aspects that are specific to hydroprocessing microbial lipids. While standard hydrotreating catalysts generally perform well with terrestrial oils, differences in lipid speciation and the presence of co-extracted compounds, such as chlorophyll and sterols, introduce additional complexities into the process for microbial lipids. Lipid cleanup steps can be introduced to produce suitable feedstocks for catalytic upgrading.

scholarly journals Application of the Subspace-Based Methods in Health Monitoring of Civil Structures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3607
Author(s):  
Hoofar Shokravi ◽  
Hooman Shokravi ◽  
Norhisham Bakhary ◽  
Mahshid Heidarrezaei ◽  
Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Identification ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Civil Structures ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Subspace System Identification ◽  
Insight Into

A large number of research studies in structural health monitoring (SHM) have presented, extended, and used subspace system identification. However, there is a lack of research on systematic literature reviews and surveys of studies in this field. Therefore, the current study is undertaken to systematically review the literature published on the development and application of subspace system identification methods. In this regard, major databases in SHM, including Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, have been selected and preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) has been applied to ensure complete and transparent reporting of systematic reviews. Along this line, the presented review addresses the available studies that employed subspace-based techniques in the vibration-based damage detection (VDD) of civil structures. The selected papers in this review were categorized into authors, publication year, name of journal, applied techniques, research objectives, research gap, proposed solutions and models, and findings. This study can assist practitioners and academicians for better condition assessment of structures and to gain insight into the literature.

scholarly journals Single-cell evaluation reveals shifts in the tumor-immune niches that shape and maintain aggressive lesions in the breast

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya C. Sinha ◽  
Amanda L. Rinkenbaugh ◽  
Mingchu Xu ◽  
Xinhui Zhou ◽  
Xiaomei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Transition State ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Aggressive Tumor ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThere is an unmet clinical need for stratification of breast lesions as indolent or aggressive to tailor treatment. Here, single-cell transcriptomics and multiparametric imaging applied to a mouse model of breast cancer reveals that the aggressive tumor niche is characterized by an expanded basal-like population, specialization of tumor subpopulations, and mixed-lineage tumor cells potentially serving as a transition state between luminal and basal phenotypes. Despite vast tumor cell-intrinsic differences, aggressive and indolent tumor cells are functionally indistinguishable once isolated from their local niche, suggesting a role for non-tumor collaborators in determining aggressiveness. Aggressive lesions harbor fewer total but more suppressed-like T cells, and elevated tumor-promoting neutrophils and IL-17 signaling, disruption of which increase tumor latency and reduce the number of aggressive lesions. Our study provides insight into tumor-immune features distinguishing indolent from aggressive lesions, identifies heterogeneous populations comprising these lesions, and supports a role for IL-17 signaling in aggressive progression.

scholarly journals Oleaginous Yeasts as Cell Factories for the Sustainable Production of Microbial Lipids by the Valorization of Agri-Food Wastes

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Antonio Caporusso ◽  
Angela Capece ◽  
Isabella De De Bari
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Food Wastes ◽  
Microbial Lipids ◽  
Oleaginous Yeasts ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
Single Cell Oils

The agri-food industry annually produces huge amounts of crops residues and wastes, the suitable management of these products is important to increase the sustainability of agro-industrial production by optimizing the entire value chain. This is also in line with the driving principles of the circular economy, according to which residues can become feedstocks for novel processes. Oleaginous yeasts represent a versatile tool to produce biobased chemicals and intermediates. They are flexible microbial factories able to grow on different side-stream carbon sources such as those deriving from agri-food wastes, and this characteristic makes them excellent candidates for integrated biorefinery processes through the production of microbial lipids, known as single cell oils (SCOs), for different applications. This review aims to present an extensive overview of research progress on the production and use of oleaginous yeasts and present discussions on the current bottlenecks and perspectives of their exploitation in different sectors, such as foods, biofuels and fine chemicals.

From low-cost substrates to Single Cell Oils synthesized by oleaginous yeasts

2017 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 1507-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Qin ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
An-Ping Zeng ◽  
Dong Wei
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oleaginous Yeasts ◽  
Single Cell Oils

scholarly journals Single cell transcriptomic analysis of diffuse large B cells in cerebrospinal fluid of central nervous system lymphoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoyu Ruan ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Yue Zhai ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
Linyu Pi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
B Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Leptomeningeal Involvement

AbstractDiffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the predominant type of central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL) including primary CNSL and secondary CNSL. Diffuse large B cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-DLBCs) have offered great promise for the diagnostics and therapeutics of CNSL leptomeningeal involvement. To explore the distinct phenotypic states of CSF-DLBCs, we analyzed the transcriptomes of 902 CSF-DLBCs from six CNSL-DLBCL patients using single-cell RNA sequencing technology. We defined CSF-DLBCs based on abundant expression of B-cell markers, as well as the enrichment of cell proliferation and energy metabolism pathways. CSF-DLBCs within individual patients exhibited monoclonality with similar variable region of light chains (VL) expression. It is noteworthy that we observed some CSF-DLBCs have double classes of VL (lambda and kappa) transcripts. We identified substantial heterogeneity in CSF-DLBCs, and found significantly greater among-patient heterogeneity compared to among-cell heterogeneity within a given patient. The transcriptional heterogeneity across CSF-DLBCs is manifested in cell cycle state and cancer-testis antigens expression. Our results will provide insight into the mechanism research and new diagnostic direction of CNSL-DLBCL leptomeningeal involvement.

scholarly journals Synthesis of pH-Sensitive and Self-Fluorescent Polymeric Micelles Derived From Rosin and Vegetable Oils via ATRP

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Yu ◽  
Chaoqun Xu ◽  
Chuanwei Lu ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Jifu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Polymeric Micelles ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Dehydroabietic Acid ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Carboxylic Groups ◽  
Ph Dependent

Preparation and application of sustainable polymers derived from renewable resources are of great significance. The aim of this study is to synthesize a kind of sustainable polymeric micelles from rosin and vegetable oils via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and to investigate the doxorubicin delivery properties of these micelles. Dehydroabietic acid–based poly lauryl methacrylate (DA-PLMA) with narrow PDI of 1.13 was prepared in a well-controlled process using rosin as an ATRP initiator. Thereafter, carboxylic groups were introduced to form poly methacrylic acid (PMAA) moieties in DA-PLMA polymer via acid hydrolysis. The resulted DA-PLMA-PMAA could self-assemble in water to form pH-dependent polymeric micelles with a diameter of ∼65 nm and PDI as low as 0.105. Owing to the existence of rosin, DA-PLMA-PMAA micelles also showed self-fluorescence properties. In addition, Dox-loaded micelles were prepared in aqueous solution with the drug-loading capacity as high as 16.0% and showed sustained-release characteristics. These results demonstrate great promise for designing polymeric micellar from rosin and vegetable oils.

scholarly journals Single Cell Atlas of Human Dura Reveals Cellular Meningeal Landscape and Insights into Meningioma Immune Response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Z Wang ◽  
Jay Bowman-Kirigin ◽  
Rupen Desai ◽  
Pujan Patel ◽  
Bhuvic Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Copy Number Variant ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Immune Microenvironment ◽  
Clinical Models ◽  
Insight Into

Recent investigation of the meninges, specifically the dura layer, has highlighted its importance in CNS immune surveillance beyond a purely structural role. However, most of our understanding of the meninges stems from the use of pre-clinical models rather than human samples. In this study, we use single cell RNA-sequencing to perform the first characterization of both non-tumor-associated human dura and meningioma samples. First, we reveal a complex immune microenvironment in human dura that is transcriptionally distinct from that of meningioma. In addition, through T cell receptor sequencing, we show significant TCR overlap between matched dura and meningioma samples. We also identify a functionally heterogeneous population of non-immune cell types and report copy-number variant heterogeneity within our meningioma samples. Our comprehensive investigation of both the immune and non-immune cell landscapes of human dura and meningioma at a single cell resolution provide new insight into previously uncharacterized roles of human dura.

scholarly journals Circulating tumor cell characterization of lung cancer brain metastasis in the cerebrospinal fluid through single-cell transcriptome analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoyu Ruan ◽  
Yihang Zhou ◽  
Jie Shen ◽  
Yue Zhai ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Unknown Primary ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Cell Cycle Gene

AbstractMetastatic lung cancer accounts for about half of the brain metastases (BM). Development of leptomeningeal metastases (LM) are becoming increasingly common, and its prognosis is still poor despite the advances in systemic and local approaches. Cytology analysis in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) remains the diagnostic gold standard. Although several previous studies performed in CSF have offered great promise for the diagnostics and therapeutics of LM, a comprehensive characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in CSF is still lacking. To fill this critical gap of lung adenocarcinoma LM (LUAD-LM), we analyzed the transcriptomes of 1,375 cells from 5 LUAD-LM patient and 3 control samples using single-cell RNA sequencing technology. We defined CSF-CTCs based on abundant expression of epithelial markers and genes with lung origin, as well as the enrichment of metabolic pathway and cell adhesion molecules, which are crucial for the survival and metastases of tumor cells. Elevated expression of CEACAM6 and SCGB3A2 was discovered in CSF-CTCs, which could serve as candidate biomarkers of LUAD-LM. We identified substantial heterogeneity in CSF-CTCs among LUAD-LM patients and within patient among individual cells. Cell-cycle gene expression profiles and the proportion of CTCs displaying mesenchymal and cancer stem cell properties also vary among patients. In addition, CSF-CTC transcriptome profiling identified one LM case as cancer of unknown primary site (CUP). Our results will shed light on the mechanism of LUAD-LM and provide a new direction of diagnostic test of LUAD-LM and CUP cases from CSF samples.

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