scholarly journals Oleaginous Yeasts as Cell Factories for the Sustainable Production of Microbial Lipids by the Valorization of Agri-Food Wastes

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Antonio Caporusso ◽  
Angela Capece ◽  
Isabella De De Bari
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Food Wastes ◽  
Microbial Lipids ◽  
Oleaginous Yeasts ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
Single Cell Oils

The agri-food industry annually produces huge amounts of crops residues and wastes, the suitable management of these products is important to increase the sustainability of agro-industrial production by optimizing the entire value chain. This is also in line with the driving principles of the circular economy, according to which residues can become feedstocks for novel processes. Oleaginous yeasts represent a versatile tool to produce biobased chemicals and intermediates. They are flexible microbial factories able to grow on different side-stream carbon sources such as those deriving from agri-food wastes, and this characteristic makes them excellent candidates for integrated biorefinery processes through the production of microbial lipids, known as single cell oils (SCOs), for different applications. This review aims to present an extensive overview of research progress on the production and use of oleaginous yeasts and present discussions on the current bottlenecks and perspectives of their exploitation in different sectors, such as foods, biofuels and fine chemicals.

scholarly journals Bacterial Biopolymer: Its Role in Pathogenesis to Effective Biomaterials

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Sreejita Ghosh ◽  
Dibyajit Lahiri ◽  
Moupriya Nag ◽  
Ankita Dey ◽  
Tanmay Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Food Components ◽  
Innovative Biomaterials ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Bacteria are considered as the major cell factories, which can effectively convert nitrogen and carbon sources to a wide variety of extracellular and intracellular biopolymers like polyamides, polysaccharides, polyphosphates, polyesters, proteinaceous compounds, and extracellular DNA. Bacterial biopolymers find applications in pathogenicity, and their diverse materialistic and chemical properties make them suitable to be used in medicinal industries. When these biopolymer compounds are obtained from pathogenic bacteria, they serve as important virulence factors, but when they are produced by non-pathogenic bacteria, they act as food components or biomaterials. There have been interdisciplinary studies going on to focus on the molecular mechanism of synthesis of bacterial biopolymers and identification of new targets for antimicrobial drugs, utilizing synthetic biology for designing and production of innovative biomaterials. This review sheds light on the mechanism of synthesis of bacterial biopolymers and its necessary modifications to be used as cell based micro-factories for the production of tailor-made biomaterials for high-end applications and their role in pathogenesis.

Insights on the Advancements of In Silico Metabolic Studies of Succinic Acid Producing Microorganisms: A Review with Emphasis on Actinobacillus succinogenes

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Wubliker Dessie ◽  
Zongcheng Wang ◽  
Xiaofang Luo ◽  
Meifeng Wang ◽  
Zuodong Qin
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Acid ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Actinobacillus Succinogenes ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Critical Problems

Succinic acid (SA) is one of the top candidate value-added chemicals that can be produced from biomass via microbial fermentation. A considerable number of cell factories have been proposed in the past two decades as native as well as non-native SA producers. Actinobacillus succinogenes is among the best and earliest known natural SA producers. However, its industrial application has not yet been realized due to various underlying challenges. Previous studies revealed that the optimization of environmental conditions alone could not entirely resolve these critical problems. On the other hand, microbial in silico metabolic modeling approaches have lately been the center of attention and have been applied for the efficient production of valuable commodities including SA. Then again, literature survey results indicated the absence of up-to-date reviews assessing this issue, specifically concerning SA production. Hence, this review was designed to discuss accomplishments and future perspectives of in silico studies on the metabolic capabilities of SA producers. Herein, research progress on SA and A. succinogenes, pathways involved in SA production, metabolic models of SA-producing microorganisms, and status, limitations and prospects on in silico studies of A. succinogenes were elaborated. All in all, this review is believed to provide insights to understand the current scenario and to develop efficient mathematical models for designing robust SA-producing microbial strains.

From low-cost substrates to Single Cell Oils synthesized by oleaginous yeasts

2017 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 1507-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Qin ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
An-Ping Zeng ◽  
Dong Wei
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oleaginous Yeasts ◽  
Single Cell Oils

Conversion of SPORL pretreated Douglas fir forest residues into microbial lipids with oleaginous yeasts

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (25) ◽  
pp. 20695-20705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce S. Dien ◽  
J. Y. Zhu ◽  
Patricia J. Slininger ◽  
Cletus P. Kurtzman ◽  
Bryan R. Moser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Microbial Lipids ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Oleaginous Yeasts

Sugars were extracted from Douglas fir residues using SPORL pretreatment and cellulases. The sugars were converted to lipids producing a titer of 13.4 g l−1 in 3 d using a 2-stage culture.

scholarly journals A dynamic control strategy to produce riboflavin with lignocellulose hydrolysate in the thermophile Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyang Wang ◽  
Zilong Li ◽  
Weishan Wang ◽  
Shen Pang ◽  
Fengxian Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
No Production ◽  
Geobacillus Thermoglucosidasius ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Lignocellulose Hydrolysate ◽  
Natural Carbon

Abstract The efficient utilization of both glucose and xylose, the two most abundant sugars in biomass hydrolysates, is one of the main objectives of biofermentation with lignocellulosic materials. The utilization of xylose is commonly inhibited by glucose, which is known as glucose catabolite repression (GCR). Here we report a GCR-based dynamic control (GCR-DC) strategy aiming at a better co-utilization of glucose and xylose, by decoupling the cell growth and biosynthesis of riboflavin as a product. Using the thermophilic strain Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius DSM2542 as a host, we constructed extra riboflavin biosynthetic pathways that were activated by xylose but not glucose. The engineered strains showed a two-stage fermentation process. In the first stage, glucose was preferentially used for cell growth and no production of riboflavin was observed, while in the second stage where glucose was nearly depleted, xylose was effectively utilized for riboflavin biosynthesis. Using the corn cob hydrolysate as a carbon source, the optimized riboflavin yields of strains DSM2542-DCall-MSS (full pathway dynamic control strategy) and DSM2542-DCrib (single module dynamic control strategy) were 5.26 and 2.26 folds higher than that of the control strain DSM2542 Rib-Gtg constitutively producing riboflavin, respectively. This GCR-DC strategy should also be applicable to the construction of cell factories that can efficiently use natural carbon sources with multiple sugar components for the production of high-value chemicals in future.

scholarly journals Graphene coated magnetic nanoparticles facilitate the release of biofuels and oleochemicals from yeast cell factories

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Pandit ◽  
Oliver Konzock ◽  
Kirsten Leistner ◽  
VRSS Mokkapati ◽  
Alessandra Merlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Intracellular Lipids ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Coated Nanoparticles ◽  
Cellular Lipids ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Available Carbon

AbstractEngineering of microbial cells to produce high value chemicals is rapidly advancing. Yeast, bacteria and microalgae are being used to produce high value chemicals by utilizing widely available carbon sources. However, current extraction processes of many high value products from these cells are time- and labor-consuming and require toxic chemicals. This makes the extraction processes detrimental to the environment and not economically feasible. Hence, there is a demand for the development of simple, effective, and environmentally friendly method for the extraction of high value chemicals from these cell factories. Herein, we hypothesized that atomically thin edges of graphene having ability to interact with hydrophobic materials, could be used to extract high value lipids from cell factories. To achieve this, array of axially oriented graphene was deposited on iron nanoparticles. These coated nanoparticles were used to facilitate the release of intracellular lipids from Yarrowia lipolytica cells. Our treatment process can be integrated with the growth procedure and achieved the release of 50% of total cellular lipids from Y. lipolytica cells. Based on this result, we propose that nanoparticles coated with axially oriented graphene could pave efficient, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective way to release intracellular lipids from yeast cell factories.

scholarly journals In silico analysis of the fast-growing thermophile Geobacillus sp. LC300 using a novel genome-scale metabolic model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Ljungqvist ◽  
Martin Gustavsson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Metabolic Model ◽  
Thermophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genome Scale

AbstractThermophilic microorganisms show high potential for use as biorefinery cell factories. Their high growth temperatures provide fast conversion rates, lower risk of contaminations, and facilitated purification of volatile products. To date, only a few thermophilic species have been utilized for microbial production purposes, and the development of production strains is impeded by the lack of metabolic engineering tools. In this study, we constructed a genome-scale metabolic model, iGEL601, of Geobacillus sp. LC300, an important part of the metabolic engineering pipeline. The model contains 601 genes, 1240 reactions and 1305 metabolites, and the reaction reversibility is based on thermodynamics at the optimum growth temperature. Using flux sampling, the model shows high similarity to experimentally determined reaction fluxes with both glucose and xylose as sole carbon sources. Furthermore, the model predicts previously unidentified by-products, closing the gap in the carbon balance for both carbon sources. Finally, iGEL601 was used to suggest metabolic engineering strategies to maximise production of five industrially relevant compounds. The suggested strategies have previously been experimentally verified in other microorganisms, and predicted production rates are on par with or higher than those previously achieved experimentally. The results highlight the biotechnological potential of LC300 and the application of iGEL601 for use as a tool in the metabolic engineering workflow.

scholarly journals Heterologous Expression of Two Malate Transporters From an Oleaginous Fungus Mucor circinelloides Improved the Lipid Accumulation in Mucor lusitanicus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuwen Wang ◽  
Hassan Mohamed ◽  
Yonghong Bao ◽  
Chen Wu ◽  
Wenyue Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Mucor Circinelloides ◽  
Microbial Lipids ◽  
Intracellular Lipid ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
Oleaginous Fungus

The fungus, Mucor lusitanicus, is of great interest for microbial lipids, because of its ability to accumulate intracellular lipid using various carbon sources. The biosynthesis of fatty acid requires the reducing power NADPH, and acetyl-CoA, which is produced by the cleavage of citrate in cytosol. In this study, we employed different strategies to increase lipid accumulation in the low lipid-producing fungi via metabolic engineering technology. Hence, we constructed the engineered strain of M. lusitanicus CBS 277.49 by using malate transporter (mt) and 2-oxoglutarate: malate antiporter (sodit) from M. circinelloides WJ11. In comparison with the control strain, the lipid content of the overexpressed strains of mt and sodit genes were increased by 24.6 and 33.8%, respectively. These results showed that mt and sodit can affect the distribution of malate in mitochondria and cytosol, provide the substrates for the synthesis of citrate in the mitochondria, and accelerate the transfer of citrate from mitochondria to cytosol, which could play a significant regulatory role in fatty acid synthesis leading to lipids over accumulation.

scholarly journals Production of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate) by Haloarcula, Halorubrum, and Natrinema Haloarchaeal Genera Using Starch as a Carbon Source

Archaea ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fatma Karray ◽  
Manel Ben Abdallah ◽  
Nidhal Baccar ◽  
Hatem Zaghden ◽  
Sami Sayadi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Halophilic Archaea ◽  
Hypersaline Lake ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Phb Production

Microbial production of bioplastics, derived from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), have provided a promising alternative towards plastic pollution. Compared to other extremophiles, halophilic archaea are considered as cell factories for PHB production by using renewable, inexpensive carbon sources, thus decreasing the fermentation cost. This study is aimed at screening 33 halophilic archaea isolated from three enrichment cultures from Tunisian hypersaline lake, Chott El Jerid, using starch as the sole carbon source by Nile Red/Sudan Black staining and further confirmed by PCR amplification of phaC and phaE polymerase genes. 14 isolates have been recognized as positive candidates for PHA production and detected during both seasons. The identification of these strains through 16S rRNA gene analyses showed their affiliation to Halorubrum, Natrinema, and Haloarcula genera. Among them, three PHB-producing strains, CEJ34-14, CEJ5-14, and CEJ48-10, related to Halorubrum chaoviator, Natrinema pallidum, and Haloarcula tradensis were found to be the best ones reaching values of 9.25, 7.11, and 1.42% of cell dry weight (CDW), respectively. Our findings highlighted that Halorubrum, Natrinema, and Haloarcula genera were promising candidates for PHB production using soluble starch as a carbon source under high salinity (250 g L-1 NaCl).

scholarly journals Development of a Circular Oriented Bioprocess for Microbial Oil Production Using Diversified Mixed Confectionery Side-Streams

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsakona ◽  
Papadaki ◽  
Kopsahelis ◽  
Kachrimanidou ◽  
Papanikolaou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Major Fatty Acid ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Microbial Oil ◽  
Microbial Lipids ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Intracellular Content

Diversified mixed confectionery waste streams were utilized in a two-stage bioprocess to formulate a nutrient-rich fermentation media for microbial oil production. Solid-state fermentation was conducted for the production of crude enzyme consortia to be subsequently applied in hydrolytic reactions to break down starch, disaccharides, and proteins into monosaccharides, amino acids, and peptides. Crude hydrolysates were evaluated in bioconversion processes using the red yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides DSM 4444 both in batch and fed-batch mode. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, during fed-batch cultures, the concentration of microbial lipids reached 16.6–17 g·L−1 with the intracellular content being more than 40% (w/w) in both hydrolysates applied. R. toruloides was able to metabolize mixed carbon sources without catabolite repression. The fatty acid profile of the produced lipids was altered based on the substrate employed in the bioconversion process. Microbial lipids were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, with oleic acid being the major fatty acid (61.7%, w/w). This study showed that mixed food side-streams could be valorized for the production of microbial oil with high unsaturation degree, pointing towards the potential to produce tailor-made lipids for specific food applications. Likewise, the proposed process conforms unequivocally to the principles of the circular economy, as the entire quantity of confectionery by-products are implemented to generate added-value compounds that will find applications in the same original industry, thus closing the loop.

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