scholarly journals Molecular pathology of prostate cancer: the key to identifying new biomarkers of disease

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Foley ◽  
Donal Hollywood ◽  
Mark Lawler
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Molecular Pathology ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Androgen Independence ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
And Function

Microarray technology has recently accelerated the study of the molecular events involved in prostate cancer, offering the prospect of more precise prognosis and new therapeutic strategies. This review summarises current knowledge of the molecular pathology of prostate cancer. The expression and function of numerous genes have been shown to be altered in prostate cancer. Many of these genes are involved in cell cycle regulation, steroid hormone metabolism or regulation of gene expression. The mechanisms by which androgen independence arises are discussed, including cross-activation, gene amplification and point mutations of the androgen receptor. Analysis of changes in the levels of expression of large numbers of genes during prostate cancer progression have provided a better understanding of the basis of the disease, yielding new molecular markers, such as hepsin, with potential use in diagnosis and prognosis.

scholarly journals TUG1 promotes prostate cancer progression by acting as a ceRNA of miR-26a

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yang ◽  
Xiaodi Tang ◽  
Zhixin Wang ◽  
Daju Sun ◽  
Xin Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Tumor Cell Migration ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Previous studies have demonstrated that taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) was aberrantly expressed and involved in multiple types of cancer; however, the expression profile and potential role of TUG1 in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression and function of TUG1 in PCa. In the present study, we analyzed TUG1 expression levels of PCa patients in tumor and adjacent normal tissue by real-time quantitative PCR. Knockdown of TUG1 by RNAi was performed to explore its roles in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Here we report, for the first time, that TUG1 promotes tumor cell migration, invasion, and proliferation in PCa by working in key aspects of biological behaviors. TUG1 could negatively regulate the expression of miR-26a in PCa cells. The bioinformatics prediction revealed putative miR-26a-binding sites within TUG1 transcripts. In conclusion, our study suggests that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) TUG1 acts as a functional oncogene in PCa development.

scholarly journals Extracellular Chaperones as Novel Biomarkers of Overall Cancer Progression and Efficacy of Anticancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 6009
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Anna Krawczyk ◽  
Agata Pospieszynska ◽  
Małgorzata Styczewska ◽  
Ewa Bien ◽  
Sambor Sawicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Immune System Regulation ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Shock Proteins

Exosomal heat shock proteins (Hsps) are involved in intercellular communication both in physiological and pathological conditions. They play a role in key processes of carcinogenesis including immune system regulation, cell differentiation, vascular homeostasis and metastasis formation. Thus, exosomal Hsps are emerging biomarkers of malignancies and possible therapeutic targets. Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) are patients aged 15–39 years. This age group, placed between pediatric and adult oncology, pose a particular challenge for cancer management. New biomarkers of cancer growth and progression as well as prognostic factors are desperately needed in AYAs. In this review, we attempted to summarize the current knowledge on the role of exosomal Hsps in selected solid tumors characteristic for the AYA population and/or associated with poor prognosis in this age group. These included malignant melanoma, brain tumors, and breast, colorectal, thyroid, hepatocellular, lung and gynecological tract carcinomas. The studies on exosomal Hsps in these tumors are limited; however; some have provided promising results. Although further research is needed, there is potential for future clinical applications of exosomal Hsps in AYA cancers, both as novel biomarkers of disease presence, progression or relapse, or as therapeutic targets or tools for drug delivery.

scholarly journals Primary Cilium in Cancer Hallmarks

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucilla Fabbri ◽  
Frédéric Bost ◽  
Nathalie Mazure
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Primary Cilium ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Cancer Hallmarks ◽  
Mutual Regulation ◽  
Ultrastructure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
External Stimuli

The primary cilium is a solitary, nonmotile and transitory appendage that is present in virtually all mammalian cells. Our knowledge of its ultrastructure and function is the result of more than fifty years of research that has dramatically changed our perspectives on the primary cilium. The mutual regulation between ciliogenesis and the cell cycle is now well-recognized, as well as the function of the primary cilium as a cellular “antenna” for perceiving external stimuli, such as light, odorants, and fluids. By displaying receptors and signaling molecules, the primary cilium is also a key coordinator of signaling pathways that converts extracellular cues into cellular responses. Given its critical tasks, any defects in primary cilium formation or function lead to a wide spectrum of diseases collectively called “ciliopathies”. An emerging role of primary cilium is in the regulation of cancer development. In this review, we seek to describe the current knowledge about the influence of the primary cilium in cancer progression, with a focus on some of the events that cancers need to face to sustain survival and growth in hypoxic microenvironment: the cancer hallmarks.

Relaxin becomes upregulated during prostate cancer progression to androgen independence and is negatively regulated by androgens

The Prostate ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (16) ◽  
pp. 1698-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa C. Thompson ◽  
Tanis G.W. Morris ◽  
Dawn R. Cochrane ◽  
John Cavanagh ◽  
Latif A. Wafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Prostate Cancer Progression ◽  
Androgen Independence

miRNAs as novel biomarkers in the management of prostate cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Filella ◽  
Laura Foj
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
New Biomarkers

AbstractmicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that control gene expression posttranscriptionally and are part of the giant non codifying genoma. Cumulating data suggest that miRNAs are promising potential biomarkers for many diseases, including cancer. Prostate cancer (PCa) detection is currently based in the serum prostate-specific antigen biomarker and digital rectal examination. However, these methods are limited by a low predictive value and the adverse consequences associated with overdiagnosis and overtreatment. New biomarkers that could be used for PCa detection and prognosis are still needed. Recent studies have demonstrated that aberrant expressions of microRNAs are associated with the underlying mechanisms of PCa. This review attempts to extensively summarize the current knowledge of miRNA expression patterns, as well as their targets and involvement in PCa pathogenesis. We focused our review in the value of circulating and urine miRNAs as biomarkers in PCa patients, highlighting the existing discrepancies between different studies, probably associated with the important methodological issues related to their quantitation and normalization. The majority of studies have been performed in serum or plasma, but urine obtained after prostate massage appears as a new way to explore the usefulness of miRNAs. Large screening studies to select a miRNA profile have been completed, but bioinformatics tools appear as a new approach to select miRNAs that are relevant in PCa development. Promising preliminary results were published concerning miR-141, miR-375 and miR-21, but larger and prospective studies using standardized methodology are necessary to define the value of miRNAs in the detection and prognosis of PCa.

scholarly journals The Role of miR-107 in Prostate Cancer: A Review and Experimental Evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elizbeth Alvarez-Sanchez ◽  
Oscar Rojas Espinosa ◽  
Julio César Torres-Romero ◽  
Ereth Ameyatzin Robles Chávez ◽  
Edgar Estrella-Parra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Endogenous Regulators ◽  
New Biomarkers

Over the past two decades, several research groups have focused on the functioning of microRNAs (miRNAs), because many of them function as positive or negative endogenous regulators of processes that alter during the development of cancer. Prostate cancer is the second most commonly occurring cancer in men. New biomarkers are needed to support the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Although it is necessary to deepen the research on this molecule to explore its potential utility in the diagnosis, follow-up, and prognosis of cancer, our results support a role of miR-107 in the signaling cascades that allow cancer progression, and as shown here, in the progression of Prostate Cancer (PCa). These findings strongly suggest that miR-107 may be a potential circulating biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Circular RNA circANKS1B as the Sponge of miR-152-3p Promotes Prostate Cancer Progression by up-Regulating TGF-α Expression

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangjun Tao ◽  
Xinyuan Pan ◽  
Jiawei Wang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Lingsong Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Prostate Cancer Progression ◽  
Luciferase Reporter Gene ◽  
Gene Assay ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Growing studies indicate that circRNAs play critical roles in human diseases, and show great potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This study aims to investigate the expression and function of circANKS1B in prostate cancer (PC).Methods: The expression of circANKS1B and miRNA-152-3p were determined by real-time qRT-PCR. The cell migration and invasion were measured by transwell assay. The interaction between circANKS1B and miR-152-3p was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Rescue experiments were conducted to demonstrate whether circANKS1B regulated the migration and invasion of PC cells by the circANKS1B-miR-152-3p-TGF-α pathway.Results: The expression of circANKS1B was dramatically up-regulated both in PC cells and tissues. Moreover, high circANKS1B expression was associated with a poor prognosis of PC patients. Dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that circABKS1B directly bound to miRNA-152-3p. Furthermore, circANKS1B negatively regulated miR-152-3p expression. Knockdown of circANKS1B remarkably suppressed PC cells invasion and TGF-α expression, while the effects of circANKS1B silencing were reversed by miR-152-3p deficiency. In addition, the impact of miR-152-3p silencing on PC cell invasion was also abrogated by TGF-α deficiency. In all, circANKS1B as the sponge of miR-152-3p promotes prostate cancer progression by up-regulating TGF-α expression.Conclusion: Our findings reveal that circANKS1B could be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target of PC.

miRNA as regulators of prostate carcinogenesis and endocrine and chemoresistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran Culig
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Androgen Independence ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Androgen Synthesis ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

: More therapy options are available for advanced prostate cancer, including novel inhibitors of androgen synthesis, anti-androgens, chemotherapeutics and targeted therapies. Although patients´ survival has been improved, management of castration therapy-resistant prostate cancer remains a challenge. Regulation of cellular events in cancer by small non-coding miRNAs is therefore an area of special interest. Overexpression of selected miRNA may lead to androgen independence and prostate cancer progression. miRNA may be considered also a biomarker in patients with prostate cancer. In contrast, diminished expression of tumor-suppressive miRNA in prostate cancer leads to enhanced proliferation, reduced apoptosis, increased migration, invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. miRNA may be directly involved in regulation of chemosensitivity in prostate cancer. Experimental overexpression of selected miRNA in chemoresistant prostate cancer leads to inhibition of cellular stemness and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Reduction of tumorsuppressive miRNA may also lead to hyperactivity of signaling pathways such as that of the epidermal growth factor receptor and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Although a considerable progress on miRNA research in prostate cancer has been achieved, therapeutic effects could be improved on the basis of development of novel delivery methods.

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