scholarly journals Expression of estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta mRNAs in the male reproductive system of the rat as revealed by in situ hybridization

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
CN Mowa ◽  
T Iwanaga
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Initial Segment ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Prenatal Period

We mapped the cellular expression of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha and ERbeta mRNAs in the male reproductive system of the rat during development and adulthood by in situ hybridization. The expression patterns of ERalpha mRNA in the gonad, efferent duct and initial segment of the epididymis during the perinatal period were essentially similar to those of the adult: ERalpha mRNA signals were expressed most intensely in the epithelia of the efferent ducts and initial segment of the epididymis, and in the interstitial cells of the testis from the prenatal period to adulthood. However, ERalpha mRNA signals in the primordial epididymis and vas deferens during the prenatal period were confined to the outermost cellular layer of the ducts, whereas thereafter they were only expressed weakly in the epithelium and stroma of the epididymis and moderately in the muscle layer of the vas deferens. ERbeta signals were expressed intensely (1) in primordial germ and Sertoli cells only during the prenatal period, (2) in arterial walls in the adult testis, and (3) in the epithelium of the sex accessory glands from the perinatal period to adulthood. This report is the first to describe the cellular distribution of ER mRNA in the male reproductive organs during the perinatal period, and complements and confirms earlier data on its distribution in the adult. The broad expression of ERs in male reproductive organs suggests roles for estrogen in regulating tissue development and reproductive events.

Memoirs: The Reproductive System of the Planarian Artioposthia Triangulata (Dendy)

1937 ◽  
Vol s2-80 (317) ◽  
pp. 99-125
Author(s):  
MARION L. FYFE
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Internal Opening ◽  
Main Subject ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Amoeboid Cells

The main subject of this paper is a detailed description of the reproductive organs of a planarian initially described by Dendy as Geoplana triangulata. Five unusual features are observed in the reproductive system: 1. The vas deferens consists of a series of wide convoluted branching tubes extending from the region of the mouth to the anterior end of the seminal vesicle. 2. The penis is very small and inconspicuous. 3. The atrium masculinum is provided with three pairs of muscular gland-organs or adenodactyli. 4. The paired ovaries are situated one on each side of the seminal vesicle, not in the region of the brain as is usual. 5. Each ovary is a long fusiform body enclosing more than one true ovary or germarium, as well as specialized parovarian and amoeboid cells which are probably nutritive, and are associated with the internal opening of the oviduct. The writer refers Geoplana triangulata Dendy to the genus Artioposthia owing to the presence of adenodactyli in the atrium masculinum. Each adenodactylus encloses a glandular reservoir from which a ciliated duct leads to the atrial cavity. The actual function of the adenodactyli is obscure, but the very small size of the penis and the fact that the adenodactyli are extrusible suggests the possibility of these latter performing the function of a penis.

Implementation of American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists HER2 Guideline Recommendations in a Tertiary Care Facility Increases HER2 Immunohistochemistry and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Concordance and Decreases the Number of Inconclusive Cases

2009 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 775-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavinia P. Middleton ◽  
Kathy M. Price ◽  
Pamela Puig ◽  
Lori J. Heydon ◽  
Emily Tarco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Clinical Oncology ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Her2 Testing ◽  
Tertiary Care Facility ◽  
American Society

Abstract Context.—The American Society of Clinical Oncology/ College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) guideline recommendations from January 2007 identified many sources of immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing variation. Objective.—In this current study, we implemented the guidelines and addressed our institution's preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic variables relating to HER2 testing to improve clinical outcomes. Design.—We evaluated core biopsies performed on breast lesions from 2006 through 2007. Prognostic/predictive markers obtained by IHC were correlated with HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Preanalytic sources of biopsy testing variation were studied by collecting data on the number of biopsies that needed repeat testing because of inconclusive FISH results. Results.—In the year preceding implementation of the guidelines, the HER2 IHC and FISH concordance was 98%. In an additional 10.8% of cases, the FISH results were inconclusive. When additional material became available to retest the inconclusive cases, the results were informative. Further evaluation of the inconclusive cases revealed that the core needle biopsies received, on average, 4 hours of formalin fixation. After implementation of a minimum 6 hours of fixation and the ASCO/CAP guideline recommendations, the HER2 IHC and FISH concordance was 98.5%. The number of FISH inconclusive cases decreased from 10.8% to 3.4% (a 64% reduction). Repeat estrogen-receptor IHC requests decreased by 40% from 38 in 2006 to 23 in 2007. Conclusions.—We have shown that standardized fixation and adherence to the ASCO/CAP guidelines for HER2 testing has resulted in a greater HER2 IHC and HER2 FISH correlation, decreased numbers of inconclusive FISH cases, decreased repeat estrogen-receptor requests, and financial savings to the Department of Pathology.

scholarly journals The Human Cationic Antimicrobial Protein (hCAP-18) Is Expressed in the Epithelium of Human Epididymis, Is Present in Seminal Plasma at High Concentrations, and Is Attached to Spermatozoa

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 4297-4302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Malm ◽  
Ole Sørensen ◽  
Terese Persson ◽  
Margareta Frohm-Nilsson ◽  
Bengt Johansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Antimicrobial Protein ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Standard Deviation Range ◽  
Doublet Band ◽  
High Concentrations

ABSTRACT Innate immunity is important for the integrity of the host against potentially invasive pathogenic microorganisms in the environment. Antibiotic peptides with broad antimicrobial activity are part of the innate immune system. We investigated the presence of the cathelicidin, human cationic antimicrobial protein (hCAP-18), in the male reproductive system. We found strong expression of the hCAP-18 gene by in situ hybridization and hCAP-18 protein, as detected by immunohistochemistry, in the epithelium of the epididymis, but not in the testis. The highest expression in the epididymis was in the caudal part. Western blotting showed a doublet band, the upper part corresponding to the size of hCAP-18 in plasma and neutrophils. Using a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), levels of 86.5 ± 37.8 μg/ml (mean ± standard deviation; range, 41.8 to 142.8 μg/ml; n = 10) were detected in seminal plasma from healthy donors, which is 70-fold higher than the level in blood plasma. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry revealed the presence of hCAP-18 on spermatozoa. ELISA measurement showed levels of 196 ng/106 spermatozoa, corresponding to 6.6 × 106 molecules of hCAP-18 per spermatozoon. Our results suggest a key role for hCAP-18 in the antibacterial integrity of the male reproductive system. The attachment of hCAP-18 to spermatozoa may implicate a role for hCAP-18 in conception.

scholarly journals Gastric Parietal Cells: Potent Endocrine Role in Secreting Estrogen as a Possible Regulator of Gastro-Hepatic Axis

Endocrinology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 143 (8) ◽  
pp. 3162-3170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Ueyama ◽  
Nobuyuki Shirasawa ◽  
Mitsuteru Numazawa ◽  
Keiko Yamada ◽  
Momoko Shelangouski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Gastric Mucosa ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Parietal Cells ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Hybridization Histochemistry ◽  
In Situ Hybridization Histochemistry ◽  
Gastric Parietal Cells

Abstract Estrogen, if it is produced in the gastrointestinal tract, may overflow into the systemic circulation in the case of increased portal-systemic shunting. This idea is in accord with a significant step-up in serum estradiol (E2) concentration in the portal vein of rats, compared with that in the artery. Gene expression of aromatase, estrogen synthetase, was demonstrated by RT-PCR in the gastric mucosa of male and female adult rats, equivalent to that in the ovary. Aromatase activity and production of E2 in the gastric mucosa were demonstrated by 3H2O assay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and they were inhibited by aromatase inhibitor, 4-hydroxyandrostenedione. Conversion of 14C-androstenedione to 14C-E2 through 14C-testosterone in cultured gastric mucosa was also demonstrated. Parietal cells exhibited strong signals for aromatase mRNA and immunoreactive protein by in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Estrogen receptor α mRNA and immunoreactive protein were demonstrated in hepatocytes by RT-PCR, in situ hybridization histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry. Total gastrectomy reduced portal venous E2 concentration, without changing systemic E2 concentration, together with down-regulation of estrogen receptor α mRNA level in the liver. These findings indicate that gastric parietal cells play a potent endocrine role in secreting estrogen that may function as a regulator of the gastro-hepatic axis.

scholarly journals Bacterial Infections Affect Male Fertility: A Focus on the Oxidative Stress-Autophagy Axis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sutian Wang ◽  
Kunli Zhang ◽  
Yuchang Yao ◽  
Jianhao Li ◽  
Shoulong Deng
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Multiple Signaling

Numerous factors trigger male infertility, including lifestyle, the environment, health, medical resources and pathogenic microorganism infections. Bacterial infections of the male reproductive system can cause various reproductive diseases. Several male reproductive organs, such as the testicles, have unique immune functions that protect the germ cells from damage. In the reproductive system, immune cells can recognize the pathogen-associated molecular patterns carried by pathogenic microorganisms and activate the host’s innate immune response. Furthermore, bacterial infections can lead to oxidative stress through multiple signaling pathways. Many studies have revealed that oxidative stress serves dual functions: moderate oxidative stress can help clear the invaders and maintain sperm motility, but excessive oxidative stress will induce host damage. Additionally, oxidative stress is always accompanied by autophagy which can also help maintain host homeostasis. Male reproductive system homeostasis disequilibrium can cause inflammation of the genitourinary system, influence spermatogenesis, and even lead to infertility. Here, we focus on the effect of oxidative stress and autophagy on bacterial infection in the male reproductive system, and we also explore the crosslink between oxidative stress and autophagy during this process.

scholarly journals The male reproductive system and the effect of an extract of a medicinal plant (Hypericum perforatum) on the labeling process of blood constituents with technetium-99m

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (spe) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastião David Santos-Filho ◽  
Adenilson de Souza da Fonseca ◽  
Mario Bernardo-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Hypericum Perforatum ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Stannous Chloride ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Technetium 99M ◽  
Young Rats

Hypericum perforatum (hiperico) is a plant that has been used to treat diseases and also inhibits rat and human vas deferens contractility. In nuclear medicine, stannous chloride (SnCl2) is used as a reducing agent to obtain radiopharmaceuticals labeling with technetium-99m. As the SnCl2 seems to have adverse effects related with the reproductive performance of male rabbits as well as the human consumption of hiperico might affect sexual function. In the present work, consistent results show significant changes on the blood constituents labeled by technetium-99m obtained from young rats under the effect of an hiperico extract as opposed to blood samples equally treated taken from elderly rat.. Supposedly, this extract could protect the male reproductive system against action of SnCl2 at least in young rats. The findings described in this work allow introducing a simple assay to evaluate the action of products that could interfere with the male reproductive system.

Selective Loss of Sperm Bearing a Compound Chromosome in the Drosophila Female

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 1629-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abby F Dernburg ◽  
Douglas R Daily ◽  
Karen J Yook ◽  
John A Corbin ◽  
John W Sedat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Meiotic Drive ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Paternal Inheritance ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Paternal Transmission ◽  
Early Embryos ◽  
Sperm Dysfunction ◽  
Female Reproductive Organs

Abstract The Drosophila compound entire second chromosome, C(2)EN, displays paternal transmission well below Mendelian expectations (Novitski  et al. 1981). Because C(2)EN stocks also show higher-than-expected rates of zygotic lethality, it was proposed that this reduced paternal inheritance might be wholly or partially due to postfertilization events. Efforts to investigate this phenomenon have been hampered because the progeny of crosses between C(2)EN-bearing individuals and those with normal karyotypes die during embryogenesis. We have circumvented this obstacle by employing fluorescence in situ hybridization to directly karyotype early embryos from crosses involving C(2)EN-bearing individuals. This analysis reveals that the distortion in paternal transmission is established before fertilization. Moreover, measurement of the sperm ratios within both the male and female reproductive organs demonstrates that C(2)EN-bearing sperm are selectively lost after sperm transfer to the female and before storage of sperm in the seminal receptacles and spermathecae. Our results are consistent with a model of meiotic drive in which aberrations occuring early in meiosis lead ultimately to sperm dysfunction.

The anatomy of the sawfly Perga affinis affinis Kirby (Hymenoptera: Symphyta)

1962 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 652 ◽  
Author(s):  
NN Tait
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Flight Muscles

This paper is an account of the anatomy of the larval and adult stages of the sawfly Perga affinis affinis Kirby. Particular attention has been paid to those structures that seem relevant to the ecology of the animal. In this respect, this work is supplementary to that of Carne (1962) on the ecology of this insect. The external features of the larva and adult are described. Measurements of head capsules of the larvae showed that these could be employed as a method of identifying the various instars. From observations made by Carne (op. cit.) it is probable that the species breeds parthenogenetically. However, the male reproductive system appears quite functional. The structure and musculature of the ovipositor is described, as well as the internal reproductive organs. The muscles of the thorax are compared with those described by Snodgrass (1927) in the generalized insect and by Tiegs (1955) in the various orders. In P. affinis affinis the prothoracic muscles are modified for the movement of the head and prepectus. The development of flight muscles is greatest in the mesothorax where the indirect flight muscles almost completely fill the cavity. The indirect flight muscles of the metathorax are poorly developed. The muscles are composed of numerous fibres. There has been no reduction and enlargement of the fibres as in the Diptera. The coxal muscles have become separated from the flight muscles and are confined to the sterna and furcae.

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