scholarly journals Maternal malnutrition during lactation alters the folliculogenesis and gonadotropins and estrogen isoforms ovarian receptors in the offspring at puberty

2008 ◽  
Vol 198 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiane da Silva Faria ◽  
Flávia de Bittencourt Brasil ◽  
Francisco J B Sampaio ◽  
Cristiane da Fonte Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Primordial Follicle ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Maternal Malnutrition ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Standard Laboratory Diet ◽  
Protein Restricted Diet

In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether maternal malnutrition during lactation alters the folliculogenesis and the expression of the gonadotropins and estrogen isoforms ovarian receptors in the offspring at puberty. At parturition, dams were randomly assigned to the following groups: control (C) group, with free access to a standard laboratory diet containing 23% protein and protein-energy-restricted (PER) group, with free access to an isoenergy and protein-restricted diet containing 8% protein. After weaning, the female pups had free access to standard laboratory diet. The maternal malnutrition caused a significant increase in the number of preantral (C=13.72±2.87; PER=26.36±3.03, P<0.01) and small antral follicles (C=9.32±1.35; PER=17.64±2.33, P<0.01) and decrease in the number of primordial (C=11.72±1.37; PER=3.92±0.60, P<0.01) and Graafian follicles (C=1.84±0.21; PER=0.96±0.11, P<0.01), and corpus luteum (C=2.00±0.28; PER=0.80±0.31, P<0.01). The estradiol serum concentration was significantly higher (C=67.86±4.39; PER=83.29±2.68, P<0.05) while testosterone serum concentration did not show statistical difference (C=0.09±0.02; PER=0.11±0.01, P>0.05) in the PER group. In relation to the receptors expression, maternal malnutrition led to a significant increase in the amount of Fshr (C=0.89±0.04; PER=1.07±0.03, P<0.05) and Lhcqr (C=0.87±0.15; PER=1.33±0.08, P<0.05) transcripts and a significant decrease in the amount of Ar (C=0.59±0.006; PER=0.13±0.080, P<0.05), ERα (Esr1) (C=3.33±0.71; PER=0.74±0.50, P<0.05), ERβ1 (Esr2) (C=1.33±0.06; PER=0.49±0.36, P<0.05), and ERβ2 (Esr2) (C=3.28±0.60; PER=0.62±0.34, P<0.05) transcripts. In conclusion, perinatal maternal malnutrition can directly affect folliculogenesis at puberty probably as a consequence of changes in the ovarian expression of gonadotropins, androgen and estrogens isoforms receptors. Long-term sexual alterations could be expected in this experimental model, since a reduction in the primordial follicle number is observed, which can result in a decrease in the reproductive lifetime and an earlier termination of breeding capacity.

scholarly journals Effects of maternal undernutrition during lactation on aromatase, estrogen, and androgen receptors expression in rat testis at weaning

2007 ◽  
Vol 192 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cíntia Vilanova Teixeira ◽  
Dorothée Silandre ◽  
Alba Marcelly de Souza Santos ◽  
Christelle Delalande ◽  
Francisco J B Sampaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Maternal Malnutrition ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Standard Laboratory Diet

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of maternal malnutrition during lactation on serum levels of testosterone and estradiol, testicular testosterone concentration, aromatase, testicular androgen (AR) and estrogen α (ERα) receptors expression in the pups at weaning. From parturition until weaning, Wistar rats were separated into three groups: (C) control group, with free access to a standard laboratory diet containing 23% protein; protein-energy restricted (PER) group, with free access to an isoenergy and protein-restricted diet containing 8% protein; and energy-restricted (ER) group, receiving standard laboratory diet in restricted quantities, which were calculated according to the mean ingestion of the PER group. All pups were killed at weaning, corresponding to 21 days post partum. Compared with the C group, body weights (C = 48 ± 2.3 g; PER = 20 ± 1.3 g; ER = 25.4 ± 0.9 g; P < 0.01) and testicular weights (C = 0.15 ± 0.02 g, PER = 0.05 ± 0.01 g, ER = 0.06 ± 0.02 g, P < 0.001) of both PER and ER groups were lower. However, there was no significant difference in the testicular/body weight ratio in PER and ER groups compared with the C group. The testosterone serum concentration (ng/ml) was significantly higher in the PER group compared with ER and C groups (C = 0.09 ± 0.012; PER = 0.45 ± 0.04; ER = 0.15 ± 0.03, P < 0.01). Testicular testosterone concentration (C = 2.1 ± 0.43; PER = 6.5 ± 0.7; ER = 13 ± 2.3, P < 0.01) was increased in treated groups when compared with controls. The estradiol serum concentration (pg/ml) was lower in both dietary groups (C = 74 ± 4.6; PER = 49 ± 3.2; ER = 60 ± 5.5, P < 0.01). The amounts of aromatase mRNA and ERα transcripts were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in PER and ER groups; conversely AR (both mRNA and protein) was significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) in treated animals. The nutritional state in early phases of development is important since we have demonstrated here that the maternal malnutrition during lactation leads to alterations in estradiol and testosterone serum concentrations, testicular testosterone concentration, AR and ERα expression together with a decrease of aromatase expression. All together, these changes of steroid status may be deleterious for future germ cell development and reproductive function of these male pups submitted to early malnutrition.

scholarly journals Mandible Growth of Wistar Rats: Effects of Malnutrition during Lactation in Adulthood Mandibular Size

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (04) ◽  
pp. 246-250
Author(s):  
Hugo Degani Jr ◽  
Monique Babinski ◽  
Cristiane Ramos ◽  
Viviane Degani ◽  
Lucas Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Growth ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
World Health ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Mandibular Growth ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Standard Laboratory Diet ◽  
Digital Caliper

Introduction Malnutrition is a world health issue; thus, it is imperative to know its effects during lactation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of maternal protein restriction during lactation on the horizontal and vertical bone growth of the mandible, according to predetermined parameters. Material and Methods At parturition, Wistar rat dams were randomly assigned to the following groups: (1) control, which had free access to a standard laboratory diet containing 23% of protein; (2) protein energy-restricted, which had free access to an isoenergetic, protein-restricted diet containing 8% of protein; and (3) energy-restricted group, which received limited access to commercial diet containing 23% of protein. After 21 days, all pups received free access to a standard laboratory diet containing 23% of protein until their adulthood. Afterwards, the animals were euthanized under thiopental anesthesia and their mandibles were excised. The dimensions of the excised pup mandibles were measured directly with a digital caliper. Results The protein-restricted and the energy-restricted groups presented minor adulthood mandibular length in all parameters analyzed. Conclusion Our results provide original information regarding the mandibular growth and indicate that the maternal nutritional state during lactation can affect the development of mandibular growth. Moreover, our results indicated that the growth dysfunction could not be restored after normalization of the diet.

Long-Term Effects of Protein-Restricted Diet on Albuminuria and Renal Function in IDDM Patients Without Clinical Nephropathy and Hypertension

Diabetes Care ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. F. Dullaart ◽  
B. J. Beusekamp ◽  
S. Meijer ◽  
J. J. V. Doormaal ◽  
W. J. Sluiter
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Protein Restricted Diet

scholarly journals Long-term cognitive functioning in individuals with tyrosinemia type 1 treated with nitisinone and protein-restricted diet

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Ignacia García ◽  
Alicia de la Parra ◽  
Carolina Arias ◽  
Miguel Arredondo ◽  
Juan Francisco Cabello
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Tyrosinemia Type 1 ◽  
Protein Restricted Diet

Nutrients Mediate Bioavailability and Turnover of Proteins in Mammals

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 661-665
Author(s):  
Cunxi Nie ◽  
Fei Xie ◽  
Ning Ma ◽  
Yueyu Bai ◽  
Wenju Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Dietary Proteins ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Utilization Of Protein ◽  
High Level ◽  
Protein Restricted Diet

As a major component of biologically active compounds in the body, proteins contribute to the synthesis of body tissues for the renewal and growth of the body. The high level of dietary protein and the imbalance of amino acid (AA) composition in mammals result in metabolic disorders, inefficient utilization of protein resources and increased nitrogen excretion. Fortunately, nutritional interventions can be an effective way of attenuating the nitrogen excretion and increasing protein utilization, which include, but are not limited to, formulating the AA balance and protein-restricted diet supplementing with essential AAs, and adding probiotics in the diet. This review highlights recent advances in the turnover of dietary proteins and mammal’s metabolism for health, in order to improve protein bioavailability through nutritional approach.

scholarly journals Adjusting diet with sapropterin in phenylketonuria: what factors should be considered?

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita MacDonald ◽  
Kirsten Ahring ◽  
Katharina Dokoupil ◽  
Hulya Gokmen-Ozel ◽  
Anna Maria Lammardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuing Education ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Dietary Management ◽  
Clinical Protocols ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Mild Form ◽  
Adequate Nutrition ◽  
Blood Phenylalanine ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

The usual treatment for phenylketonuria (PKU) is a phenylalanine-restricted diet. Following this diet is challenging, and long-term adherence (and hence metabolic control) is commonly poor. Patients with PKU (usually, but not exclusively, with a relatively mild form of the disorder) who are responsive to treatment with pharmacological doses of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) have either lower concentrations of blood phenylalanine or improved dietary phenylalanine tolerance. The availability of a registered formulation of BH4 (sapropterin dihydrochloride, Kuvan®) has raised many practical issues and new questions in the dietary management of these patients. Initially, patients and carers must understand clearly the likely benefits (and limitations) of sapropterin therapy. A minority of patients who respond to sapropterin are able to discontinue the phenylalanine-restricted diet completely, while others are able to relax the diet to some extent. Care is required when altering the phenylalanine-restricted diet, as this may have unintended nutritional consequences and must be undertaken with caution. New clinical protocols are required for managing any dietary change while maintaining control of blood phenylalanine, ensuring adequate nutrition and preventing nutritional deficiencies, overweight or obesity. An accurate initial evaluation of pre-sapropterin phenylalanine tolerance is essential, and the desired outcome from treatment with sapropterin (e.g. reduction in blood phenylalanine or relaxation in diet) must also be understood by the patient and carers from the outset. Continuing education and support will be required thereafter, with further adjustment of diet and sapropterin dosage as a young patient grows.

Open source software as a mature library system in Armenia

Infolib ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Anna Chulyan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Preservation ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Efficient Organization ◽  
Digital Repositories ◽  
High Level

The article touches upon the importance of long-term digital preservation of Armenian cultural heritage through creation of digital repositories using Open-Source Software in Armenian libraries. The research highlights the advantages of Open-Source Software in context of providing free access to digital materials, as well as its high level of functionality in order to empower libraries with new technologies for more efficient organization and dissemination of information.

Plasma and white adipose tissue lipid composition in marmots

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (5) ◽  
pp. R1123-R1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Florant ◽  
L. C. Nuttle ◽  
D. E. Mullinex ◽  
D. A. Rintoul
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Marmota Flaviventris ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Standard Laboratory Diet

White adipose tissue biopsies and plasma samples were obtained from hibernating yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventris) maintained in the laboratory. In addition, biopsies and plasma samples were obtained from normothermic animals in the field and laboratory. Measurement of plasma free fatty acid (FA) levels indicated that winter laboratory animals exhibited increased lipolysis. Additionally, analysis of white adipose tissue triacylglycerol revealed that the FA composition of the storage fat in animals maintained on the standard laboratory diet is remarkably simple and uniform between different adipose depots in the same animal. Three FAs (palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids) made up greater than 95% of the total. Triene (alpha-linolenate) was found in newly captured animals, but the percentage of this FA decreased rapidly when the animals were maintained on the standard laboratory diet. Throughout the hibernation season (October to April), white adipose tissue-saturated FA percentage decreased, monoene percentage remained constant, and diene percentage increased. Analysis of plasma FA composition suggested that these animals tended to metabolize saturated FAs from stored lipid during hibernation and that dienes were mobilized briefly after the last arousal from hibernation in spring. From these observations, we hypothesize that marmots preferentially metabolize saturated fats during the hibernation period and that essential FAs of the omega 6 series tend to be metabolized more slowly than other FAs. These characteristics suggest that marmots are a valuable animal model in which to study lipid metabolism.

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