Effects of maternal undernutrition during lactation on aromatase, estrogen, and androgen receptors expression in rat testis at weaning

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of maternal malnutrition during lactation on serum levels of testosterone and estradiol, testicular testosterone concentration, aromatase, testicular androgen (AR) and estrogen α (ERα) receptors expression in the pups at weaning. From parturition until weaning, Wistar rats were separated into three groups: (C) control group, with free access to a standard laboratory diet containing 23% protein; protein-energy restricted (PER) group, with free access to an isoenergy and protein-restricted diet containing 8% protein; and energy-restricted (ER) group, receiving standard laboratory diet in restricted quantities, which were calculated according to the mean ingestion of the PER group. All pups were killed at weaning, corresponding to 21 days post partum. Compared with the C group, body weights (C = 48 ± 2.3 g; PER = 20 ± 1.3 g; ER = 25.4 ± 0.9 g; P < 0.01) and testicular weights (C = 0.15 ± 0.02 g, PER = 0.05 ± 0.01 g, ER = 0.06 ± 0.02 g, P < 0.001) of both PER and ER groups were lower. However, there was no significant difference in the testicular/body weight ratio in PER and ER groups compared with the C group. The testosterone serum concentration (ng/ml) was significantly higher in the PER group compared with ER and C groups (C = 0.09 ± 0.012; PER = 0.45 ± 0.04; ER = 0.15 ± 0.03, P < 0.01). Testicular testosterone concentration (C = 2.1 ± 0.43; PER = 6.5 ± 0.7; ER = 13 ± 2.3, P < 0.01) was increased in treated groups when compared with controls. The estradiol serum concentration (pg/ml) was lower in both dietary groups (C = 74 ± 4.6; PER = 49 ± 3.2; ER = 60 ± 5.5, P < 0.01). The amounts of aromatase mRNA and ERα transcripts were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in PER and ER groups; conversely AR (both mRNA and protein) was significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) in treated animals. The nutritional state in early phases of development is important since we have demonstrated here that the maternal malnutrition during lactation leads to alterations in estradiol and testosterone serum concentrations, testicular testosterone concentration, AR and ERα expression together with a decrease of aromatase expression. All together, these changes of steroid status may be deleterious for future germ cell development and reproductive function of these male pups submitted to early malnutrition.

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Maternal malnutrition during lactation alters the folliculogenesis and gonadotropins and estrogen isoforms ovarian receptors in the offspring at puberty

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe-08-0121 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 198 (3) ◽

pp. 625-634 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Tatiane da Silva Faria ◽

Flávia de Bittencourt Brasil ◽

Francisco J B Sampaio ◽

Cristiane da Fonte Ramos

Keyword(s):

Serum Concentration ◽

Primordial Follicle ◽

Free Access ◽

Standard Laboratory ◽

Restricted Diet ◽

Maternal Malnutrition ◽

Protein Energy ◽

Standard Laboratory Diet ◽

Protein Restricted Diet

In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether maternal malnutrition during lactation alters the folliculogenesis and the expression of the gonadotropins and estrogen isoforms ovarian receptors in the offspring at puberty. At parturition, dams were randomly assigned to the following groups: control (C) group, with free access to a standard laboratory diet containing 23% protein and protein-energy-restricted (PER) group, with free access to an isoenergy and protein-restricted diet containing 8% protein. After weaning, the female pups had free access to standard laboratory diet. The maternal malnutrition caused a significant increase in the number of preantral (C=13.72±2.87; PER=26.36±3.03, P<0.01) and small antral follicles (C=9.32±1.35; PER=17.64±2.33, P<0.01) and decrease in the number of primordial (C=11.72±1.37; PER=3.92±0.60, P<0.01) and Graafian follicles (C=1.84±0.21; PER=0.96±0.11, P<0.01), and corpus luteum (C=2.00±0.28; PER=0.80±0.31, P<0.01). The estradiol serum concentration was significantly higher (C=67.86±4.39; PER=83.29±2.68, P<0.05) while testosterone serum concentration did not show statistical difference (C=0.09±0.02; PER=0.11±0.01, P>0.05) in the PER group. In relation to the receptors expression, maternal malnutrition led to a significant increase in the amount of Fshr (C=0.89±0.04; PER=1.07±0.03, P<0.05) and Lhcqr (C=0.87±0.15; PER=1.33±0.08, P<0.05) transcripts and a significant decrease in the amount of Ar (C=0.59±0.006; PER=0.13±0.080, P<0.05), ERα (Esr1) (C=3.33±0.71; PER=0.74±0.50, P<0.05), ERβ1 (Esr2) (C=1.33±0.06; PER=0.49±0.36, P<0.05), and ERβ2 (Esr2) (C=3.28±0.60; PER=0.62±0.34, P<0.05) transcripts. In conclusion, perinatal maternal malnutrition can directly affect folliculogenesis at puberty probably as a consequence of changes in the ovarian expression of gonadotropins, androgen and estrogens isoforms receptors. Long-term sexual alterations could be expected in this experimental model, since a reduction in the primordial follicle number is observed, which can result in a decrease in the reproductive lifetime and an earlier termination of breeding capacity.

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Regression of gestational diabetes induced cardiomegaly in offspring of diabetic rat

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-86502009000400002 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 251-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Honório Sampaio Menezes ◽

Cláudio Galeano Zettler ◽

Alice Calone ◽

Jackson Borges Corrêa ◽

Carla Bartuscheck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Heart Weight ◽

Diabetic Rat ◽

Control Group ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Levene Test

PURPOSE: To compare body weight and length, heart weight and length, heart-to-body weight ratio, glycemia, and morphometric cellular data of offspring of diabetic rats (ODR) and of normal rats (control). METHODS: Diabetes was induced in 3 pregnant Wistar rats, bearing 30 rats, on the 11th day after conception by intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg of streptozotocin. Six normal pregnant Wistar rats, bearing 50 rats, made up the control group. Morphometric data were obtained using a scale for the weight, length, heart and body measurements. Morphometric cellular data were obtained by a computer assisted method applied to the measurements of myocytes. Statistical analysis utilized Student's t-test, ANOVA and Levene test. RESULTS: Control offspring had greater mean body weight and length than offspring of diabetic rats (p < 0.001). Heart weight and length and heart-to-body ratios of newborn rats differed between groups at birth (p < 0.001), but showed no difference at 21 days. Mean nuclei area and perimetric value of the myocytes decrees throughout the first 21 days of life (p < 0.01) in the diabetic group. CONCLUSIONS: Heart hypertrophy on the offspring of diabetic rats at birth was demonstrated by the significant difference between the groups. After the eleventh day, no difference was found, which confirmed regression of cardiomegaly. The significant difference between the first and the 21th day of life, for nuclei area feature, demonstrate regression of cardiac hypertrophy in the offspring of diabetic rats.

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A study on the safety evaluation of buphrenorphine administered through an autoinjector compared with manual injection using haematological and biochemical variables in rats

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327116674528 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (9) ◽

pp. 901-909 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D Sheela ◽

R Vijayaraghavan ◽

S Senthilkumar

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Research Work ◽

Safety Evaluation ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Body Weight Ratio ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Manual Group ◽

Significant Change

Buprenorphine drug cartridge was made for autoinjector device for use in emergency and critical situations to reduce the morbidity and mortality. Water-filled cartridges were prepared and buprenorphine was injected aseptically in the cartridge, to make 0.05 and 0.10 mg/mL. Rats were injected intraperitoneally, buprenorphine (0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg), repeatedly with the autoinjector and compared with manual injection (7 days and 14 days) using various haematological and biochemical parameters. No significant change was observed in the body weight, organ to body weight ratio and haematological variables in any of the experimental groups compared with the control group. Except serum urea and aspartate aminotransferase, no significant change was observed in glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, bilirubin, protein, albumin, creatinine, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase. The autoinjectors deliver the drugs with spray effect and force for faster absorption. In the present study, the autoinjector meant for intramuscular injection was injected intraperitoneally in rats, and the drug was delivered with force on the vital organs. No significant difference was observed in the autoinjector group compared to the manual group showing tolerability and safety of the buphrenorphine autoinjector. This study shows that buprenorphine autoinjector can be considered for further research work.

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Experimental cardiac necrosis in hypobaric and anemic hypoxia

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1975.39.2.205 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 205-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

J. J. McGrath ◽

B. Ostadal ◽

J. Prochazka ◽

M. Wachtlova ◽

V. Rychterova

Keyword(s):

White Male ◽

Male Rats ◽

Standard Laboratory ◽

Simulated Altitude ◽

Subcutaneous Injections ◽

The Third ◽

Infant Rats ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Standard Laboratory Diet ◽

Cardiac Necrosis

Resistance to isoproterenol-induced cardiac necrosis (IPRO) was compared in rats exposed to two types of hypoxia (i.e., hypobaric and anemic). IPRO was induced by two consecutive, subcutaneous injections of isoproterenol (80 mg/kg) at 24-h intervals. The animals were killed on the third day and the severity of the lesion was evaluated on a 0 (no damage) to 4 (severely damaged) scale. White male rats (HA) were exposed in a barometric chamber to a simulated altitude of 7,000 m (307 mmHg) for 4 h/day for 24 days. Two groups of control rats were kept at sea level; one group (SLA) was the same age and one group (SLW) was the same weight as the altitude-exposed rats. The HA rats were significantly more resistant to IPRO with a mean necrogenic rating of 1.8 compared to 3.3 for the SLA and SLW rats. Infant rats (AA) were made anemic by feeding full-cream milk and glucose for 100 days after weaning. Two groups of control animals were fed a standard laboratory diet; one group (AC) was the same age and one group (AW) was the same weight as the AA rats. There was no significant difference in the necrogenic ratings of the AA (3.3), AC (3.5), or WC (3.7) hearts. Thus, hypobaric hypoxia affords some protection against IPRO which is not afforded by anemic hypoxia. Similarities and differences in the two hypoxias are discussed.

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Influence of the Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 strain on complications of the chronic experimental liver damage

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/2013-vetmed ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 52 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 121-129

Author(s):

D. Kosakova ◽

P. Scheer ◽

J. Lata ◽

J. Doubek

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Liver Damage ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Liver ◽

Experimental Liver Damage

The aim of the study was evaluate the influence of the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 strain (Mutaflor® suspension, Ardeypharm GmbH, Herdecke, Germany) on bacterial translocation in cases of liver damage, damage to the intestinal mucosa, potential portal hypertension associated with possible development of oesophageal varices and on the bacterial population of the intestine during chronic experimental liver damage in the laboratory rat. Rats with liver damage induced by thioacetamide were divided into an experimental and control group. Experimental and control animals were applied Mutaflor and saline, respectively. Samples of blood, liver, lymph nodes and caecum for microbiological examination, of liver, duodenum and oesophagus for histological examination and of spleen for weight evaluation were collected. There were no significant differences between both groups of animals in the qualitative proportion of Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp. and Proteus spp. cultured from the lymph nodes, blood and liver. The quantitative culture results on Enterococcus spp. in the caecum, liver and lymph nodes showed no significant differences between both groups. There was a significant difference between the experimental and control group in the counts of coliform bacteria. No significant differences between both groups were found in the overall damage score of the liver, duodenum and oesophagus. There were no differences in the spleen to body weight ratio of both groups. The application of Mutaflor® suspension for eight days had no recognisable effect diminishing the selected complications of chronic liver damage caused by the administration of TAA to laboratory rats.

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Evaluation of Tissue Reaction to Some Denture-base Materials: An Animal Study

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jcdp-9-4-67 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 67-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Behnaz Ebadian ◽

Mohammad Razavi ◽

Solmaz Soleimanpour ◽

Ramin Mosharraf

Keyword(s):

Animal Study ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Acrylic Resin ◽

Tissue Reaction ◽

Control Group ◽

Denture Base ◽

Base Materials ◽

Heat Cure ◽

Two Samples ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Aim Controversy continues regarding the biocompatibility of denture base materials. One method to evaluate the biocompatibility of materials is in an animal study. Using dogs as subjects, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the vestibular tissue reaction to cobalt chromium (Co-Cr), heat cure acrylic resin, and acrylic resin mixed with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) compared with a control group using the histopathologic method. Methods and Materials Twelve disk shape samples (2 mm × 8 mm) in four groups of Co-Cr, acrylic resin, acrylic resin mixed with a 20% weight ratio of Al2O3, and a control group (Teflon) were fabricated. In one stage surgery two samples of each material (8 samples) was implanted in the buccal vestibule of each dog (n=6), subcutaneously. At 45 and 90-day intervals, half of the samples were excised along with peripheral tissue to assess the presence of inflammation by grading on a scale from 0 to 3 and the presence of a fibrotic capsule using histological observations. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and Tau b Kendal tests. Results Tissue reaction between Co-Cr and the control group was significant (P=0.02), but it was not significant between other groups. There was no significant difference between the 45 and 90-day postinsertion samples. The formation of fibrotic capsule groups was significant (P=0.01). It was significant between the Co-Cr and acrylic resin groups (P=0.01) and the acrylic resin and control groups (P=0.01). Conclusion The Co-Cr group was more toxic than the other groups. The inflammation increased during time. The inflammation in two acrylic groups was greater than the control and less than the Co-Cr group. The formation of fibrotic capsule, except in the acrylic resin with Al2O3 group, increased over time. Clinical Significance Co-Cr alloys are toxic and can produce damage to living tissue. Heat cure acrylic resin materials have less toxicity, and their use is safer than Co-Cr alloys. Citation Ebadian B, Razavi M, Soleimanpour S, Mosharraf R. Evaluation of Tissue Reaction to Some Denture-base Materials: An Animal Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2008 May; (9)4:067-074.

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Effect of Testosterone Enanthate Modeling of Polycystic Ovary on Liver Irs-2 mRNA Expression in Rats: A Brief Report

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.2021.18.3.0480 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 0480

Author(s):

Seyyed Amir Yasin Ahmadi ◽

Mandana Beigi Boroujeni ◽

Naser Pajouhi ◽

Amin Hasanvand ◽

Afshin Hasanvand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Animal Models ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Vehicle Group ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Free Access ◽

Testosterone Enanthate ◽

Significant Difference

There are many animal models for polycystic ovary (PCO); using exogenous testosterone enanthate is one of the methods of induction of these models. However, induction of insulin resistance should also be studied in the modeling technics. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the expression of insulin receptor substrate (Irs)-2 mRNA in the liver tissue of rat PCO model. Nineteen Wistar rats were divided into three groups; (1) PCO modeling group (N =7) received daily 1.0 mg/100g testosterone enanthate solved in olive oil along with free access dextrose water 5%, (2) vehicle group (N =6), which handled like the PCO group, but did not receive testosterone enanthate, (3) control group (N =6) with standard care. All the animals were administered via intra-peritoneal injection for 14 days. Expression of Irs-2 mRNA was studied with real-time PCR and fold changes (FC) were reported. The average of expression in the control group was considered as the calibrator. About 13.4% expression reduction was found in the PCO group (FC =0.874, P-value =0.043). No significant reduction was found in the vehicle group (FC =0.951, P-value =0.076). However, analysis of variance did not show a significant difference between all the groups of study (P-value =0.085). The present model of PCO might induce insulin resistance at liver level with a low effect size via reduction in the mRNA expression of Irs-2. Study of the involved genes and molecules in other tissues of PCO animal models is suggested.

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Influence of Concentrations of Methacrylate and Acrylate Monomers on the Properties of Fiber Reinforced Polymethyl Methacrylate Denture Base Materials

Acta Chemica Iasi ◽

10.2478/achi-2018-0020 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 329-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Faik Tugut ◽

Mehmet Turgut ◽

Dursun Saraydin

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Impact Strength ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Acrylic Resin ◽

Bending Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Test Machine ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding different concentrations of 2 hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), ethyl methacrylate (EA) and isobutyl methacrylate (IBMA) monomers on the structural, thermal and mechanical properties of a fiber reinforced heat-polymerized acrylic resin. For each test, 126 acrylic resin specimens were fabricated and divided into 6 groups with 7 specimens each. One group was the control group, the other one is a fiber reinforced group and others were the test groups, which were formed according to the different concentrations of monomers. 6 mm length, and the weight ratio of 3% short glass fibers are added to acrylic powder polymerized by heating. The 2%, 5%, 10%, at 20 % ratios of different comonomers added to a monomer of MMA are composed of copolymer structures. Flexural strength was assessed with a three-point bending test using a universal testing machine. Impact strength testing was conducted using an impact test machine by the Charpy method. The analysis of the connection between acrylic resin and fiber by SEM and structural changes in the acrylic resin was investigated by FTIR spectroscopy. Data analyses using analysis of Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (α=0.05) significant difference tests showed that adding 2%, 5% HEMA and IBMA monomers significantly increased the flexural and impact strength compared to the control, only fiber and others group (P< 0.05). It is observed that the process of adding low concentration of HEMA and IBMA monomers improved certain mechanical properties of fiber reinforced with polymethylmethacrylate.

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SUBCHRONIC ORAL TOXICITY TEST FOR 28 DAYS OF SAUROPUS ANDROGYNOUS L. MERR. LEAVES SOUP IN WISTAR FEMALE RATS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i11.35318 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 31-34

Author(s):

AGUSLINA KIRTISHANTI ◽

RIDHO ISLAMIE

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Information Source ◽

Liver Volume ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Female Rats ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Control Group ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Female Wistar Rats

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of Sauropus androgynus L. Merr. leaves soup. Methods: Subchronic oral toxicity tests were carried out for 28 days in female Wistar rats using conventional methods. Thirty rats were divided into six groups, namely, one control group and three test groups with each extract being given at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight (BW), 1000 mg/kg BW, and 3000 mg/kg BW, and one group satellite control and satellite test group with doses of 3000 mg/kg BW were carried out for 14 days after 28 days of treatment to see the effects of reversibility. All rat groups were observed for behavior, development of BW, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), creatinine serum, ratio of liver and lung organs to BW, and histology of liver and lung. Results: The macroscopic observation of rat’s lung and rat weight ratio did not show a significant difference to the control group (p>0.05). In addition, the ratio of liver volume to BW was significantly different between the doses of 1000 mg/kg BW and 3000 mg/kg BW with satellite groups 3000 mg/kg BW (p<0.05). Levels of SGOT and SGPT as well as liver and lung histopathology scores did not show a significant difference to the control group (p>0.05). However, creatinine serum had the highest increase at a dose of 500 mg/kg BW and a dose of 1000 mg/kg BW. Reversibility effects were not seen after 14 days of the past day given Sauropus androgynous soup for 28 days in female Wistar rats. Conclusion: The given of S. androgynous soup for 28 days for female Wistar rats did not show any specific toxicity effect so that its use was relatively safe for the consumption under 30 days. This study is expected to be the information source about the safety profile of S. androgynus leaves soup consumption.

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Establishment of a male Wistar rat model of nanobacteriainduced kidney stones

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.4314/tjpr.v18i5.21 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 1061-1068

Author(s):

Biao Qian ◽

Gaurab Pokhrel ◽

Qinzhang Wang ◽

Jihong Liu

Keyword(s):

Rat Model ◽

Kidney Stones ◽

Kidney Stone ◽

Stone Formation ◽

Rat Kidney ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Wistar Rat ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Caudal Vein

Purpose: To establish a male Wistar rat model of nanobacteria (NB)-induced kidney stones. Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (NC group) given caudal vein injection of saline + saline gavage, and NB-induced stone group (NBS group) given caudal vein injection of NB + saline gavage. Results: Compared with NC, serum creatinine, blood uric acid, urea nitrogen and urinary calcium levels in NBS group increased between weeks 3 and 8 (p < 0.05). Kidney index (kidney weight/body weight ratio) in the NBS group was higher than that in NC group from weeks 8-10. At week 8, urine pH and serum phosphorus in NBS group were higher than those in NC group (p < 0.05). Between weeks 6 and 7, serum calcium in NBS group was higher than that in NC group (p < 0.05). Calcium crystals in NBS rats were distributed mostly in the distal and proximal convoluted tubules. However, no such crystals were observed in NC rats. Similarly, no such pathological changes were seen in the renal tissue of NC group. Calculus analysis showed that stone formation was higher in NBS group than in NC group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in micro-CT between the two groups (p ˃ 0.05). Conclusion: The successful establishment of the Wistar rat kidney stone model using NB cultured from urine of upper urinary tract stone patient is potentially useful for further etiological studies on kidney stone formation.

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