scholarly journals The effect of feeding frequency on the growth and composition of individual organs in the rat

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Pocknee ◽  
F. W. Heaton
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Gross Chemical Composition ◽  
Large Meal

1. The effect of consuming the same total amount of food in either one large meal or several small meals per d was studied using weanling male rats.2. The increase in total body-weight was the same in both instances, but the weights of the liver, kidneys, femur, small intestine and stomach were greater, and those of the spleen and residual carcass were smaller, in meal-eating rats than in continuously fed control animals. These differences persisted into the adult state.3. No differences in gross chemical composition were found between the corresponding organs of the two groups of rats, and the differences in weight appeared to be the result of changes in the general growth rate of individual organs.4. The hypertrophy of the kidneys in meal-eaters was due to an increase in mean cell size, but the increased weight of the liver and reduced weight of the spleen appeared to be largely the result of changes in the number of cells present.

EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE MEDIATED OR MODULATED BY PITUITARY FACTORS

1975 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. DE MOOR ◽  
M. ADAM-HEYLEN ◽  
H. VAN BAELEN ◽  
G. VERHOEVEN
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Total Body

SUMMARY Adult rats of both sexes were either gonadectomized or hypophysectomized and gonadectomized. Three to eight weeks later they were treated for 14 consecutive days with oil or with 75 or 200 μg testosterone propionate (TP) per 100 g body weight. The animals were killed and for each sex the gonadectomized animals were compared with the hypophysectomized-gonadectomized animals as far as their NADPH- and NADH-dependent 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3α-HSD) in renal microsomes, transcortin levels in serum and five organ weights relative to total body weight were concerned. For two of the latter, i.e. the relative kidney and prostatic weights, no significant differences were found. Transcortin levels, relative adrenal weights and renal NADPH-dependent 3α-HSD activities were higher in oil-treated gonadectomized animals than in oil-treated hypophysectomized-gonadectomized animals. The opposite was found for the relative weights of uterus and seminal vesicles and renal NADH-dependent 3α-HSD activities. These differences between gonadectomized and hypophysectomized-gonadectomized animals disappeared after TP treatment as far as transcortin levels were concerned but remained for the five other parameters. After gonadectomy sexual differences subsisted for all parameters studied. But whereas intact male rats had higher NADH-dependent 3α-HSD activities than female rats the opposite was found after gonadectomy. After gonadectomy plus hypophysectomy the between sex differences disappeared as far as transcortin levels were concerned but remained in the other parameters studied.

STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF HORMONE ADMINISTRATION ON BODY WEIGHT AND ON TIBIAL EPIPHYSIAL CARTILAGE WIDTH IN INTACT, HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED AND ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS

1963 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELEN E. C. CARGILL THOMPSON ◽  
G. P. CREAN
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Unilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Hormone Administration ◽  
Epiphysial Cartilage ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Total Body

SUMMARY 1. The effects of feeding, hormone administration, unilateral nephrectomy and adrenalectomy on width of tibial cartilage and total body weight in intact and hypophysectomized young male rats were measured. 2. Unilateral nephrectomy and adrenalectomy have no effect on the cartilage width of both intact and hypophysectomized rats, although adrenalectomy causes a loss in weight in the intact rat. 3. Intact rats, both young and adult, fed enough to maintain but not to put on weight, show a reduction of cartilage width to hypophysectomized levels. 4. Growth hormone alone (1 mg. and 3 mg./day for 14 days) causes a marked increase in cartilage width but only a 50–60% increase in total body weight in the hypophysectomized rat. 5. Adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH: 2 i.u./day for 14 days) causes a significant reduction in both cartilage width and total body weight in the hypophysectomized rat. 6. Thyrotrophin (TSH: 1 i.u./day) and Prolactin (1 mg. and 2 mg./day) caused significant increases in both total body weight and cartilage width in the hypophysectomized rat. 7. Luteinizing hormone (LH: 0·01 mg./day) together with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH: 1·0 mg./day) caused a significant increase in body weight, but had no effect on cartilage width in the hypophysectomized rat. 8. Both doses of combined hormones (growth hormone, ACTH, TSH, prolactin, FSH and LH administered together) caused a marked increase in cartilage width and a smaller increase in total body weight in the hypophysectomized rat.

scholarly journals Effects of Chronic Use of Methylphenidate on Spermatogenesis and Sexual Hormones in Adult Male Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Akhavan Rezayat ◽  
Amir Abbas Asadpour ◽  
Samaneh Boroumand Noughabi ◽  
Hassan Ahmadnia ◽  
Hamid Mohseni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Total Body ◽  
And Control

Background: The growing prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the non-medical use of Methylphenidate (MPH) among the youth have lead male infertility to be a major health problem. Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the impacts of MPH administration on different aspects of productivity, including total body weight, testis weight, spermatogenesis, sperm motility, histopathology changes, and sex hormone serum levels in male rats. Methods: This study was performed with 54 eight-week-old male rats divided into one control and two experimental groups. The experimental groups were gavaged with 2 and 10 mg/kg methylphenidate daily while the control group was gavaged with normal saline (at the same dosage). After 60 days, rats were subjected to blood sampling and bilateral orchidoepididymectomy under anesthesia. Spermogram, histological, and hormonal evaluations were performed on the samples. Testes weight and total body weight were also recorded. Results: The results revealed significant differences between the MPH and experimental groups in terms of hormonal, spermographic, and histopathologic features, as well as weight. Luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels, sperm count and motility, Leydig cell hyperplasia, spermatogenesis, congestion and necrosis levels, total body weight, and testis weight were significantly different between the experimental and control groups. However, no difference was observed between the experimental and control groups concerning follicle-stimulating hormone, maturation arrest, and edema levels. Conclusions: Based on the findings, MPH exposure exerts a significant effect on the testis and total body weight, as well as hormonal, spermatographic, and histopathologic characteristics. Accordingly, the present study provided an insight into the negative impression of MPH on sexual parameters.

scholarly journals KẾT QUẢ CỦA MÔ HÌNH NUÔI GHÉP CÁ VƯỢC (Lates calcarifer) VỚI CÁ TRẮM ĐEN (Mylopharyngodon piceus) TRONG AO ĐẤT TẠI XÃ LẬP LỄ, HUYỆN THỦY NGUYÊN, THÀNH PHỐ HẢI PHÒNG

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1951-1959
Author(s):  
Kim Văn Vạn ◽  
Trần Ánh Tuyết ◽  
Nguyễn Thị Diệu Phương
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Black Carp ◽  
Total Body

Mô hình nuôi ghép cá Vược với cá Trắm đen được thực hiện từ tháng 3 năm 2018 đến tháng 2 năm 2019 tại 3 hộ gia đình ở xã Lập Lễ, huyện Thủy Nguyên, thành phố Hải Phòng. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu nhằm xác định tốc độ tăng trưởng và tỷ lệ sống của cá Vược và cá Trắm đen, từ đó đánh giá hiệu quả kinh tế của mô hình. Cá được thả với mật độ 1,2 con/m2, tỷ lệ thả của cá Vược: cá Trắm đen là 4,6:1 với kích cỡ cá thả của cá Vược và cá Trắm đen tương ứng là 1,10 ± 0,12 kg/con và 1,57±0,18 kg/con. Thức ăn sử dụng cho cá Vược là cá tạp với lượng thức ăn bằng 3-5% tổng khối lượng cá, thức ăn công nghiệp (35% protein thô) được sử dụng cho cá Trắm đen với khối lượng bằng 2-3% tổng khối lượng cá. Kết quả cho thấy tốc độ tăng trưởng trung bình, tỷ lệ sống và FCR của cá Vược tương ứng là 6,15g/con/ngày, 93% và 7,2; của cá Trắm đen là 8,17g/con/ngày, 95% và 2,92. Chi phí cho thức ăn là chi phí lớn nhất, chiếm 54,02% tổng chi phí; thuốc và chế phẩm vi sinh chiếm một phần không đáng kể (2,68%) trong tổng chi. Hiệu quả kinh tế của các mô hình đạt hơn 886 triệu đồng/ha/năm. ABSTRACT The polyculture model of sea bass and back carp in earthen pond was conducted in 03 households in Lap Le commune, Thuy Nguyen district, Hai Phong city from March 2018 to February 2019. The objective of the study is to determine the growth rate and survival rate of sea bass and black carp, thereby evaluating the economic efficiency of the model. The stocking density was 1.2 fish.m-2 with the ratio of sea bass:black carp was 4,6:1. Initial body weight of sea bass was 1.10 ± 0.12 kg.fish-1 and black carp was 1,57 ± 0,18 kg.fish-1. Feed used for sea bass and black carp was trash fish and industrial feed (35% crude protein), respectively. Feeding level was 3-5% and 2-3% of total body weight for sea bass and black carp, respectively. The results showed that average growth rate, survival rate and FCR of sea bass and black carp were 6,15g.fish-1.day-1, 93%, 7,2 and 8,17g.fish-1.day-1, 95%, 2,92, respectively. Expense for feed was the largest cost, accounting for 54,02% of the total; especially the cost of medicine and probiotics was an inconsiderable part in these models (2,68%). Economic efficiency of the models gained more than 886 million VND.ha-1.year-1

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan benih ikan mas, Cyprinus carpio, yang diberi pakan dengan dosis berbeda pada kolam pekarangan dengan sistim resirkulasi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalfianus Jasansong ◽  
Indra R. N. Salindeho ◽  
Reni L. Kreckhoff
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Daily Growth Rate ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recirculation System ◽  
Total Body

The research was aimed to find out the optimum dose of feeding regime             to ensure the maximum growth of carp-seeds, Cyprinus carpio, reared in backyard pond with recirculation system. The experiment was carried out in Randomized Block Design with 3 different dose of feeding regimes as treatments, which were 3%, 4% and 5% of the total body weight per day.  Each treatment was triplicate and each repetition functioned as group of fish with different weight.  There were 3 groups which were, fish weighing 1.5–2.4 gram (Group-1), fish weighing 2.5 – 3.4 gram (Group-2) and fish weighing 3.5 – 4.8 gram (Group-3).  Each experimental unit was composed of 8 tested fish, placed in a netting-cage bag measuring 60×30×60 cm (l×w×h) with a mesh-size of 4 mm. Each group was composed of 24 tested fish, hence there were 72 tested fish in total.  Fish were fed twice a day at 07:00 and 17:00.  Tested fish were weighed every week, and the fish weight data were converted into FCR, absolute, relative and daily growth rate. Data were statistically analyzed using JMP statistic-program.  The results showed that, there was no significant difference in absolute, relative and daily growth rate among fish fed 3%, 4% and 5% of total body weight per day.   The best FCR was performed by fish fed 3% of total body weight per day.   Hence, this experiment result suggests that, carp reared in backyard pond with recirculation system should be fed with a dose of 3% of the total body weight each day, as fish might grow well and at the same time the amount of uneaten food, feces and metabolic wastes is minimized at this dose of feeding.

scholarly journals Lean body weight versus total body weight to calculate the iodinated contrast media volume in abdominal CT: a randomised controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moreno Zanardo ◽  
Fabio Martino Doniselli ◽  
Anastassia Esseridou ◽  
Massimiliano Agrò ◽  
Nicol Antonina Rita Panarisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Lean Body Weight ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
Abdominal Ct ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Objectives Iodinated contrast media (ICM) could be more appropriately dosed on patient lean body weight (LBW) than on total body weight (TBW). Methods After Ethics Committee approval, trial registration NCT03384979, patients aged ≥ 18 years scheduled for multiphasic abdominal CT were randomised for ICM dose to LBW group (0.63 gI/kg of LBW) or TBW group (0.44 gI/kg of TBW). Abdominal 64-row CT was performed using 120 kVp, 100–200 mAs, rotation time 0.5 s, pitch 1, Iopamidol (370 mgI/mL), and flow rate 3 mL/s. Levene, Mann–Whitney U, and χ2 tests were used. The primary endpoint was liver contrast enhancement (LCE). Results Of 335 enrolled patients, 17 were screening failures; 44 dropped out after randomisation; 274 patients were analysed (133 LBW group, 141 TBW group). The median age of LBW group (66 years) was slightly lower than that of TBW group (70 years). Although the median ICM-injected volume was comparable between groups, its variability was larger in the former (interquartile range 27 mL versus 21 mL, p = 0.01). The same was for unenhanced liver density (IQR 10 versus 7 HU) (p = 0.02). Median LCE was 40 (35–46) HU in the LBW group and 40 (35–44) HU in the TBW group, without significant difference for median (p = 0.41) and variability (p = 0.23). Suboptimal LCE (< 40 HU) was found in 64/133 (48%) patients in the LBW group and 69/141 (49%) in the TBW group, but no examination needed repeating. Conclusions The calculation of the ICM volume to be administered for abdominal CT based on the LBW does not imply a more consistent LCE.

Increases in adipose and total body weight, but not in lean body mass, associated with subcutaneous administration of Sonic hedgehog-Ig fusion protein to mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline L. Martin ◽  
Joan Lane ◽  
Louise Pouliot ◽  
Malcolm Gains ◽  
Rudolph Stejskal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fusion Protein ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Total Body

Effects of the teratogenic folic acid antagonist, 9-methyl pteroylglutamic acid, on hydroxyproline levels in fetal rat limbs

Development ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-294
Author(s):  
R. R. Schmidt ◽  
K. P. Chepenik ◽  
B. V. Paynton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Skeletal Malformations ◽  
Fetal Rat ◽  
Pteroylglutamic Acid ◽  
Limb Malformations ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Rate Of Accumulation

Pregnant rats were subjected to either a folic-acid-deficient regimen that produces multiple congenital skeletal malformations, or a control folic-acid-supplemented regimen. Fetal limbs were extirpated on days 16 and 18 of gestation, pooled from each litter, homogenized, and aliquots set aside for hydroxyproline, protein and DNA determinations. We found that (1) the amount of protein recovered per treated limb was approximately half that of controls on both days, (2) the amount of protein recovered per treated or controlday-18 limb was twice that of a day-16 limb, (3) treated limbs constituted the same percentage of total body weight as in controls on day 16, but a smaller percentage than in controls on day 18, and (4) the concentration of hydroxyproline (μg/mg protein) was significantly less for treated limbs than for controls on day 18 of gestation. We noted also that: (1) lowest hydroxyproline concentrations were found in limbs from treated fetuses with gross limb malformations, (2) intermediate concentrations were found in limbs of treated fetuses not exhibiting gross limb malformations, and (3) highest concentrations were found in control limbs. We suggest that the treatment resulted in (1) a decreased rate of accumulation of protein in limbs prior to day 16, but not from day 16 to day 18, (2) a decreased rate of accumulation of some non-protein component(s) in treated limbs from day 16 to day 18, and (3) an altered collagen metabolism.

Dietary fat and adiposity: a dose-response relationship in adult male rats fed isocalorically

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (4) ◽  
pp. E546-E550 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Boozer ◽  
G. Schoenbach ◽  
R. L. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Mesenteric Fat ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

This study examined the effects of increasing levels of dietary fat fed isocalorically on body weight, body composition, and adipose distribution. Adult male rats were weight matched into four groups. One group that was fed a low-fat diet (12%) served as reference controls. The other three groups were fed diets of 24, 36, or 48% fat in amounts to equal the energy intake of the control group. After 6 wk, body weights of the four groups were not significantly different. Intrascapular brown fat did not differ between groups. Total body fat and adipose depot weights, however, increased in proportion to the level of fat in the diet. Total body fat and retroperitoneal and mesenteric depot weights of the 48% fat group were greater than controls (P < 0.05). Mesenteric fat in this group was also significantly increased over all other groups (P < 0.05). These results show that high-fat diets fed to adult animals cause increased body fat in the absence of significant changes in body weight and that mesenteric fat is increased disproportionately.

scholarly journals Growth and body weight of free-range reindeer in western Alaska

Rangifer ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 20 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg L. Finstad ◽  
Alexander K. Prichard
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Reproductive Females ◽  
Average Body

Total body weight of 9749 reindeer calves and 4798 adult reindeer were measured from 1984 to 1999 on the Seward Peninsula, western Alaska, USA. Growth rates of male and female calves, and annual growth patterns of adults were determined. Male calves grew faster than female calves. Reproductive females were lighter than non-reproductive females during summer but there was no effect of reproduction on average body weights the following winter. Adult males age 3-5 were heavier during summer than winter. Castrated males weighed the same as uncastrated males in summer, but were significantly heavier in winter, and did not display the large annual fluctuations in weight typical of reproductive males and females. Growth rates were higher and body weights greater in this herd than many other cir-cumpolar reindeer populations. We suggest these kinds of physiological indices should be used to monitor the possible effects of spatial and temporal variation in population density and to evaluate changes in herding practices.

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