INSULIN SENSITIVITY AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM OF RATS WITH HYPOTHALAMIC OBESITY

1965 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANET TUCKER ◽  
J. TRETHEWEY ◽  
G. A. STEWART ◽  
R. W. J. NEVILLE ◽  
T. HANLEY
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diaphragm Muscle ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Insulin Dosage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hypothalamic Obesity

SUMMARY A fixed dose of glucose, irrespective of body weight, used for i.v. glucose tolerance tests in rats with hypothalamic obesity and in non-obese control rats caused almost identical blood glucose increments in both kinds of rats, and the K values (coefficients of glucose assimilation) were not significantly different. Glucose doses proportional to body weight caused much larger increments of blood glucose in the obese animals but the K value was not significantly different from that for the controls. On the other hand, the insulin sensitivity of obese rats was found to be less than that of control rats when a fixed dose of the hormone was given. When the insulin dosage was proportional to body weight, the fall of fasting blood glucose produced in the obese animals was not significantly different from that in the control group. In vitro, the diaphragm muscle of the obese animals was insensitive to the action of insulin as compared with controls. There was no evidence of insulin insensitivity of the obese animals' adipose tissue; the very low metabolic activity of the adipose tissue of both the control and obese animals may have been responsible. The interpretation of these findings is discussed in the light of similar work in human obesity.

scholarly journals ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC AND ANTIOXIDATIVE EFFECTS OF LYGODIUM MICROPHYLLUM IN ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
D. G. Syahidah Nadiah Binti Abdull Majid ◽  
Mohammad Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Antioxidative Effects ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Objective: The antihyperglycemic and antioxidative effects of L. microphyllum were evaluated by using in vivo methods in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats.Methods: Diabetes was induced in Sprague Dawley rats by injecting alloxan through intravenous (i. v) at a dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight. Aqueous extract of L. microphyllum at different doses (400, 200 and 100 mg/kg of body weight) was administered orally (orogastric intubation) for 14 d. Blood glucose and oxidative stress markers were measured. Hematoxylin and eosin staining method were used to examine the pancreatic tissues.Results: At the 14 d interval, fasting blood glucose showed a reduction in serum glucose levels in animals pretreated with L. microphyllum compared with alloxan alone treated group. Oxidative stress was noticed in rat’s pancreatic tissue as evidenced by a significant decrease in glutathione level, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, and catalase activities. Malondialdehyde showed a significant increase compared to the normal saline-treated control group. Serum biochemistry and oxidative stress markers were consistent with the pancreatic histopathological studies. Treatment of diabetic rats with L. microphyllum at a dose level of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight leaves extract for 14 d significantly prevented these alterations and attenuated alloxan-induced oxidative stress (P<0.05).Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that the antihyperglycemic potential of L. microphyllum might be ascribable to its antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. Thus, it is concluded that L. microphyllum may be helpful in the prevention of diabetic complications associated with oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Effects of ginger juice on blood glucose in alloxan induced diabetes mellitus in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selima Sultana ◽  
Md Ismail Khan ◽  
Hasanur Rahman ◽  
Abu Sadat Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽  
Rokhsana Dil Afroz
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group D

Objective: To find out the effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) juice blood glucose in alloxan induced-diabetes mellitus in rats. Methods: This experimental study was done in the Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, in collaboration with the Departments of Pathology, Ibrahim Medical College, Dhaka between January and December 2009. This experimental animal study was divided into two parts, which were Experiment-1 and Experiment-2. Experiment 1 comprises of 12 rats and divided into 2 groups each group having 6 rats. Rats of group-A was non-diabetic normal control group and group-B was fed with ginger (Zingiber officinale) in a dose of 4ml/kg body weight orally through Ryle’s tube. Experiment-2 comprised of 12 rats divided into 2 groups each containing 6 rats labeled as group C, group D. Rats of groups C administered alloxan 150 mg/kg intraperitoneally on the 2nd day of the study. Rats of group D were administered alloxan 150mg /kg intraperitoneally and ginger (4ml/kg of body weight orally) on the 2nd day of the study. Results: The fasting blood glucose level at day 12 in the rats treated with ginger (Zingiber officinale) 4 ml /kg body weight orally daily for 12 days showed reduction in fasting blood glucose level as compared to control group, but not significant, which indicates that ginger has no effect in lowering blood glucose of normal rats. The fasting blood glucose levels at day 12 in the rats of group D (treated with ginger and alloxan) showed highly significant reduction in fasting blood glucose level as compared to diabetic control group (p<0.002). Conclusion: Consumption of ginger produced a significant antihyperglycemic effect in experimentally induced diabetic rats. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v23i1.22687 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 23, No.1, April, 2014, Page 14-17

scholarly journals Supplementation of Non-Dairy Creamer-Enriched High-Fat Diet with D-Allulose Ameliorated Blood Glucose and Body Fat Accumulation in C57BL/6J Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 2750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ga Young Do ◽  
Eun-Young Kwon ◽  
Yun Jin Kim ◽  
Youngji Han ◽  
Seong-Bo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Food Component ◽  
Fat Accumulation

D-allulose, which has 70% of the sweet taste of sucrose but nearly no calories, has been reported to inhibit the absorption of lipids and suppress body weight gain in obese mice. Fats in non-dairy creamer consist of highly saturated fatty acids, which can cause various lipid disorders when consumed over a long period. We investigated whether D-allulose supplementation alleviates the effects of a non-dairy creamer-enriched high-fat diet on lipid metabolism. High-fat diets enriched with non-dairy creamer were administered to C57BL/6J mice with or without D-allulose supplementation for eight weeks by the pair-feeding design. Lipid metabolic markers were compared between the non-dairy creamer control group (NDC) and non-dairy creamer allulose group (NDCA). Body, adipose tissue, and liver weights, and fasting blood glucose levels, were significantly lower in the NDCA group than in the NDC group. Fecal fatty acid and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in the NDCA group than in the NDC group. Supplementing a non-dairy creamer-enriched high-fat diet with D-allulose improved overall lipid metabolism, including the plasma and hepatic lipid profiles, hepatic and adipose tissue morphology, and plasma inflammatory adipokine levels in mice. These results suggest that D-allulose can be used as a functional food component for preventing body fat accumulation from a high-fat diet that includes hydrogenated plant fats.

scholarly journals Pemberian ekstrak daun cincau (Mesona palustris BL) oral meningkatkan jumlah sel β pankreas dan menurunkan gula darah puasa pada tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan galur Wistar diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatimah Zahra ◽  
Anak A.G. Budhiarta ◽  
Wimpie Pangkahila
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Pancreatic Cells ◽  
Post Test

Abstract: Grass jelly leaf is a traditional Indonesian beverage that is believed to be beneficial for our health. This study was carried out to observe the increased number of pancreatic  cells and the decreased fasting blood glucose in male Wistar rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ). This was a pure experimental study with a post-test only control group design. Subjects were 36 male rats divided into 2 groups: the control group (P0), given glibenclamide dose 0.09 mg /200 g rat body weight and 2 ml aquadest as placebo; and the treatment group (P1), given glibenclamide 0.09 mg/200mg rat body weight and grass jelly leaf extract 54 mg/200 mg rat body weight. Pancreatic  cell count and blood glucose examination were performed after 28 days of treatment. The results showed that the number of pancreatic  cells in the treatment group (P1) was statistically higher than of the control group (P0) (56.72±5.644 vs 29.11±2.698 cells (P ≤0.001). In addition, the fasting blood glucose level of the treatment group (P1) was statistically lower than of the control group (P0) (79.50±37.75mg/dl vs 191.00±123.15mg/dl) (P <0.001). Conclusion: The administration of grass jelly extract increased pancreatic β cells and decreased fasting blood glucose level in diabetic male rats. Keywords: grass jelly extract, fasting blood sugar, pancreatic beta cells, diabetes mellitus Abstrak: Daun cincau atau grass jelly (Mesona palustris BL) merupakan bahan minuman tradisional Indonesia yang dipercaya bermanfaat untuk kesehatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui adanya peningkatan jumlah sel β pankreas dan penurunan kadar gula darah puasa pada tikus Wistar diabetes yang diinduksi streptozotocin (STZ). Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni dengan post-test only control group design. Subyek penelitian ialah 36 ekor tikus putih jantan, dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu: kelompok kontrol (P0) yang diberikan glibenklamid oral dosis 0,09 mg/200gr BB tikus dan 2 ml aquadest sebagai plasebo; dan kelompok perlakuan (P1) yang diberikan glibenklamid oral dosis 0,09 mg/200 gr BB tikus dan ekstrak daun cincau dosis 54 mg/200gr BB tikus. Penghitungan jumlah sel β pankreas dan pengukuran gula darah dilakukan setelah 28 hari perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok perlakuan (P1) memiliki jumlah sel β pankreas yang secara statistik lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (P0) (56,72±5,644 sel/lapang pandang vs 29,11±2,698 sel/lapang pandang) (P ≤0,001). Selain itu, kelompok perlakuan (P1) memiliki kadar gula darah puasa yang secara statistik lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (P0) (79,50±37,75 mg/dl vs 191,00±123,15 mg/dl) (P <0,001). Simpulan: Pemberian ekstrak daun cincau (Mesona palustris BL) meningkatkan jumlah sel β pankreas dan menurunkan kadar gula darah puasa pada tikus (Rattus novergicus) jantan galur Wistar diabetes.Kata kunci: ekstrak daun cincau, gula darah puasa, sel beta pankreas, diabetes melitus

scholarly journals Prophylactic Effect of Ethanol Extract of Azadirachta indica Leaf in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
O. C. Ezeigwe ◽  
C. J. Ononamadu ◽  
M. E. Onuegbu ◽  
O. R. Ikpeogu ◽  
I. C. Agugom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prophylactic Effect ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Pre Treatment

Background: Medicinal plants are now becoming indispensable in the treatment and management of many ailments. The unaffordability, unavailability and adverse effects of conventional therapy in the treatment and management of many diseases have geared keen interest in the use of herbal medicine. This work was carried out to investigate the prophylactic effect of the ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica leaf in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.   Methods: A total of one hundred (100) rats were randomized into four (4) groups (n=25) and used for the study. Each group of 25 rats was sub-divided into five (5) groups (n=5). The sub-groups comprise: Group A-normal control that was not treated, group B-100 mg/kg body weight of metformin and groups C to E - graded doses (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight) of the ethanol leaf extracts of A. indica leaves. The standard drug and the extracts were consecutively administered to groups B-E for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days before the induction of diabetes. Diabetes was induced intraperitoneally using 50 mg/kg bodyweight of streptozotocin. Results: The groups that were administered 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bw of ethanol extract of A. indica showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in their weight after 21 and 28 days of pre-treatment compared with the control group that was not treated. The graded doses of the extract also have a remarkable effect in the fasting blood glucose levels which was made visible by the significant (p<0.05) reduction recorded in the fasting blood glucose levels compared with the control group that was not pre-treated and the group pre-treated with metformin. Conclusion: The results obtained in this research suggest that ethanol extract of A. indica has the potential to protect against diabetes by delaying its onset. However, the longer the period of pre-treatment, the better the condition of the animals pre-treated as well as the protection as can be seen from the results of the weight and fasting blood glucose levels.

scholarly journals Growth Hormone Receptor Antagonist Transgenic Mice Have Increased Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Mass, Altered Glucose Homeostasis and No Change in White Adipose Tissue Cellular Senescence

Gerontology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Comisford ◽  
Ellen R. Lubbers ◽  
Lara A. Householder ◽  
Ozan Suer ◽  
Tamara Tchkonia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Deficient Mice

Background: Growth hormone (GH)-resistant/deficient mice experience improved glucose homeostasis and substantially increased lifespan. Recent evidence suggests that long-lived GH-resistant/deficient mice are protected from white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction, including WAT cellular senescence, impaired adipogenesis and loss of subcutaneous WAT in old age. This preservation of WAT function has been suggested to be a potential mechanism for the extended lifespan of these mice. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine WAT senescence, WAT distribution and glucose homeostasis in dwarf GH receptor antagonist (GHA) transgenic mice, a unique mouse strain having decreased GH action but normal longevity. Methods: 18-month-old female GHA mice and wild-type (WT) littermate controls were used. Prior to dissection, body composition, fasting blood glucose as well as glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed. WAT distribution was determined by weighing four distinct WAT depots at the time of dissection. Cellular senescence in four WAT depots was assessed using senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining to quantify the senescent cell burden, and real-time qPCR to quantify gene expression of senescence markers p16 and IL-6. Results: GHA mice had a 22% reduction in total body weight, a 33% reduction in lean mass and a 10% increase in body fat percentage compared to WT controls. GHA mice had normal fasting blood glucose and improved insulin sensitivity; however, they exhibited impaired glucose tolerance. Moreover, GHA mice displayed enhanced lipid storage in the inguinal subcutaneous WAT depot (p < 0.05) and a 1.7-fold increase in extra-/intraperitoneal WAT ratio compared to controls (p < 0.05). Measurements of WAT cellular senescence showed no difference between GHA mice and WT controls. Conclusions: Similar to other mice with decreased GH action, female GHA mice display reduced age-related lipid redistribution and improved insulin sensitivity, but no change in cellular senescence. The similar abundance of WAT senescent cells in GHA and control mice suggests that any protection against generation of senescent cells afforded by decreased GH action, low insulin-like growth factor 1 and/or improved insulin sensitivity in the GHA mice may be offset by their severe adiposity, since obesity is known to increase senescence.

Effect ofCitrus maximajuice on fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, liver enzyme and body weight

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peace Nwanneka Ani ◽  
Precious Chisom Aginam
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the effect ofCitrus maximajuice on fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, liver enzyme and body weight of alloxan-induced diabetic adult wistar rats.Design/methodology/approachThe fruits were thoroughly washed with potable water. They were peeled; the epicarp and seeds were removed. Fruit juice was extracted from the pulp. Animal experiment was carried out using 21 adult male wistar rats weighing about 110-130 g. The rats were categorized into three groups (A-C), with each group consisting of seven rats of similar body weights. Diabetes was induced using alloxan. Rats in Groups A and B were administered 300 mg and 600 mg ofC. maximafruit juice/kg body weight/day, respectively, for 14 days, while Group C rats acted as control and received placebo. Biochemical analysis was performed using standard procedures. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 21.FindingsBlood glucose of rats in the treated groups decreased significantly (p< 0.05) from 454.7 and 569.7 mg/dl to 149.3 and 297.3 mg/dl, respectively, while the control increased from 257.0 to 46.57 mg/dl. Total cholesterol and triglyceride levels of Group B rats reduced significantly (p< 0.05), while the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level increased (p< 0.05). Body weight of rats in the treated groups increased significantly (p< 0.05) by 30.1 and 20.2 per cent in Groups A and B, respectively, compared to the control group, which reduced by 0.21 per cent. There was no significant effect on markers of liver damage.Practical implicationsThe rate at which diabetes and other non-communicable diseases increase recently calls for affordable and sustainable management.Social implicationsDiabetes is one of the major health and development challenges of the 21st century, its complications are disabling and life threatening.Originality/valueThe hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic properties demonstrated byC. maximafruit juice suggest its potential contribution in reducing/stabilizing blood glucose level and managing complications of diabetes.

scholarly journals Mechanism of Electroacupuncture Regulating IRS-1 Phosphorylation in Skeletal Muscle to Improve Insulin Sensitivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shanshan Song ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Bingyan Cao ◽  
Jingyi Zhang ◽  
Youngcho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphorylation ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Zdf Rats

Objective. To explore the possible mechanism of electroacupuncture to improve insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes rats. Methods. Fourteen Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats were randomly divided into two groups: a model group and an electroacupuncture group, with 7 rats in each group. Seven Zucker Lean (ZL) rats served as a control group. All rats were fed with Purina #5008 for 4 weeks, and the electroacupuncture group received 4-week electroacupuncture intervention, while the control group and model group received no intervention. We measured fasting blood glucose (FBG) on the fourth weekend. After 4 weeks of intervention, the expression levels of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) tyrosine phosphorylation, IRS-1 serine/threonine phosphorylation, and GLUT4 in quadriceps femoris muscles were detected by western Blot. Results. Compared with the model group, the electroacupuncture group had a lower level of fasting blood glucose, serum insulin level, and insulin resistance index ( P < 0.05 ). The electroacupuncture group had lower IRS-1 serine/threonine phosphorylation than the model group, with the difference showing statistical significance ( P < 0.05 ). Furthermore, the mean score (MS) of the control group showed the lowest phosphorylation expression, followed by the electroacupuncture group, while the model group had the highest level of phosphorylated protein expression. The level of IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation at Tyr895 sites was compared, and the result showed that there was no significant difference between the electroacupuncture group and the control group ( P > 0.05 ), and the electroacupuncture group had higher phosphorylation expression than the model group ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the control group and the model group, the expression level of GLUT4 protein in the electroacupuncture group was significantly increased ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Electroacupuncture has the effect to improve the insulin sensitivity of type 2 diabetic ZDF rats by reducing fasting blood glucose, insulin level, and insulin resistance index, effectively up regulating the expression of GLUT4 protein in quadriceps femoris muscle. The mechanism is related to the regulation of skeletal muscle IRS-1 serine/threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation levels.

scholarly journals ANTI-HYPER LIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SMILAX WIGHTII A.DC. IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED MALE WISTAR ALBINO RATS

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
Uma Maheswari P ◽  
Arumugasamy K ◽  
Shalimol A ◽  
Asha devi V ◽  
Nantha kumar R
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Smilax wightii, an endemic medicinal plant is found in the shola forests at high altitudes in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, the Western Ghats, Southern India . The present study, was undertaken to find out the effect of methanolic extract of this plant on the body weight, fasting blood glucose levels and lipid profiles inall the streptozotocin (STZ) induced rats. The extract exerted a significant (P<0.05) effect in the body weight of the experimental animals when compared to the control group. Treatment with the extract and glibenclamide resulted in a significant (P<0.01) reduction in the fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic ratswhen compared to the normal. The lipid profile such as TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL contents in the serum registered a significant (P<0.01) hike and a decline in the HDL contents in diabetic control group, which were retrieved to near normalcy in the plant extract treated groups. The effect produced by this plant extract wascomparable with that of glibenclamide. The decreased fasting blood glucose levels and lipid lowering properties clearly showed the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of S.wightii.

scholarly journals Effect ofPiper sarmentosumExtract on the Cardiovascular System of Diabetic Sprague-Dawley Rats: Electron Microscopic Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zar Chi Thent ◽  
Teoh Seong Lin ◽  
Srijit Das ◽  
Zaiton Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Urine Glucose ◽  
Cardiac Tissues ◽  
Cardiovascular Tissues ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

AlthoughPiper sarmentosum(PS) is known to possess the antidiabetic properties, its efficacy towards diabetic cardiovascular tissues is still obscured. The present study aimed to observe the electron microscopic changes on the cardiac tissue and proximal aorta of experimental rats treated with PS extract. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: untreated control group (C), PS-treated control group (CTx), untreated diabetic group (D), and PS-treated diabetic group (DTx). Intramuscular injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg body weight) was given to induce diabetes. Following 28 days of diabetes induction, PS extract (0.125 g/kg body weight) was administered orally for 28 days. Body weight, fasting blood glucose, and urine glucose levels were measured at 4-week interval. At the end of the study, cardiac tissues and the aorta were viewed under transmission electron microscope (TEM). DTx group showed increase in body weight and decrease in fasting blood glucose and urine glucose level compared to the D group. Under TEM study, DTx group showed lesser ultrastructural degenerative changes in the cardiac tissues and the proximal aorta compared to the D group. The results indicate that PS restores ultrastructural integrity in the diabetic cardiovascular tissues.

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