scholarly journals Evaluación experimental de vacuna BCG y extracto proteico en bovinos, vía expresión de citocinas

Spei Domus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Maura Cruz-Fierro ◽  
Laura Jaramillo-Meza ◽  
Clara Inés Espitia-Pinzón ◽  
Rafael Pérez-González ◽  
Anabelle Manzo-Sandoval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
G Factor ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Los Grupos ◽  
Sobre Todo

Introducción: La tuberculosis bovina (TBb) continúa siendo un problema grave para la salud pública y la sanidad animal, sobre todo en países en vías de desarrollo, en los cuales las prevalencias en los sistemas bovinos de leche pueden alcanzar cifras por encima del 40 %.  En consecuencia, su control debe fundamentarse en alternativas integrales en su fuente animal para evitar su transmisión entre animales y a los seres humanos desde la perspectiva de “Una sola salud”. La vacunación se considera la opción más viable para lograr disminuir su incidencia; sin embargo, para conseguir éxito en este propósito es necesario determinar las condiciones bajo las cuales debe aplicarse la vacuna, y comprender los mecanismos inmunológicos que ofrecen resistencia contra Mycobacterium bovis, pues siendo esta una bacteria intracelular es deseable que las vacunas induzcan una respuesta tipo Th1, caracterizada por la producción de interferón gamma (IFN-g), factor de necrosis tumoral alfa (TNF-α) e interleucina 12 (IL-12), citocinas responsables de la activación y efecto microbicida de los macrófagos. Este estudio evaluó la eficacia vacunal de la vacuna BCG y del extracto proteico de filtrado de cultivo (CFPE) de M. bovis como inmunógenos contra la TBb, a través del monitoreo de la producción de IFN-g, evaluación de la expresión de citocinas Th1 (IFN-g, IL-2), Th2 (IL-4, IL-10), y presencia de lesiones macroscópicas a la necropsia tras el desafió. Metodología: 24 becerras Holstein-Friesian de 6 meses de edad, negativas a diferentes pruebas inmunodiagnósticas de TBb, se dividieron en cuatro grupos (6 becerras/grupo): control no vacunado, vacunado con BCG, vacunado con CFPE de M. bovis AN5 y vacunado con CFPE, pero con tratamiento previo con IFN-g recombinante. La expresión de citocinas IFN-g, IL-2, IL-4 e IL-10 se evaluó por RT-PCR y se representó como el porcentaje de la intensidad relativa de las bandas correspondientes con respecto al control positivo interno (b-actina), utilizando el software LabsWorks 4.0. La respuesta inmune celular se evaluó mediante la producción de IFN-g en cultivo de células estimuladas con PPD bovino y PPD aviar, en diferentes periodos. Resultados: La expresión de las citocinas fue diferente entre los grupos vacunados y control, tanto en el periodo posvacunal como posdesafío. La expresión de IFN-g en el grupo vacunado con BCG fue mayor ante el estímulo antigénico in vitro con el PPD bovino y con el antígeno DipZ en el tiempo posvacunación evaluado.  En los grupos inmunizados con el CFPE, la expresión de IL-4 fue significativa durante ese periodo, sobre todo en el grupo tratado con el IFN-g.  Después del desafío, se incrementó la producción y expresión del IFN-g en todos los grupos; siendo 200 veces superior para el grupo tratado con IFN-g con los diferentes antígenos. En este grupo la mayor expresión de IL-2, IL-4 e IL-10 fue también significativa, sobre todo la de IL-10, reconocida antagonista de la inmunidad celular. De hecho, en este grupo vacunado se presentó el mayor número de lesiones al desafío; siendo, no obstante, menos severas que las del grupo control.  Conclusiones: En el grupo vacunado con BCG se registró el menor número y grado de lesiones, correlacionando con una producción y expresión significativa de IFN-g. El tratamiento previo con IFN-g en el grupo inmunizado con CFPE mostró un efecto adverso en el establecimiento de una inmunidad protectora debido a una modulación negativa por parte de la IL-4 e IL-10. De acuerdo con los resultados, la BCG resultó ser el mejor inmunógeno en el estudio, por lo que su empleo como alternativa para el control de la enfermedad es promisorio.

scholarly journals The Immunomodulatory Effect of Triptolide on Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Vitro

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 5011-5011
Author(s):  
Haiping He ◽  
Atsuko Takahashi ◽  
Yuki Yamamoto ◽  
Akiko Hori ◽  
Yuta Miharu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Complete Medium ◽  
Surface Markers ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ

Background: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are known to have the immunosuppressive ability and have been applied in clinic to treat acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), as one of severe complications after hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (HSCT) in Japan. However, MSC are activated to suppress the immune system only upon the stimulation of inflammatory cytokines and the clinical results of MSC therapies for acute GVHD are varied. It is ideal that MSC are primed to be activated and ready to suppress the immunity (=priming) before administration in vivo. Triptolide (TPL) is a diterpene triepoxide purified from a Chinese herb - Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F (TWHF). It has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties in vitro. In this study, we aim to use TPL as the activator for umbilical cord-derived MSC (UC-MSC) to entry stronger immunosuppressive status. Methods: The proliferation of UC-MSC with TPL at the indicated concentrations for different time of 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) was added in the culture medium to detect cell toxicity and the absorbance was measured using microplate reader. Flow cytometry was used to identify the MSC surface markers expression. TPL-primed UC-MSC were once replaced with fresh medium and co-culture with mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) consisted with mononuclear cells (MNCs) stained with CFSE and irradiated allogenic dendritic cell line (PMDC05) in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10 % FBS (complete medium). IDO-1, SOD1, and TGF-β gene expression in TPL-primed UC-MSC and UC-MSC induced by 10 ng/ml IFN-γ and/or 15 ng/ml TNF-α were evaluated by RT-PCR. PDL1 and PDL2 expression in TPL-primed UC-MSC and UC-MSC in response to IFN-γ and/or TNF-α were checked by Flowjo. Results: Exposure of TPL for UC-MSC for 72hour at the concentration above 0.1 μM resulted in the cell damage significantly. Therefore, we added TPL in UC-MSC at 0.01μM of TPL for up to 48 hours, then washed thourouphly for the following culture for experiments. To evaluate the influence of TPL on the surface markers of UC-MSC, we cultured UC-MSC for 4 hours in complete medium following culture with 0.01μM of TPL for 20 hours (TPL-primed UC-MSC). TPL-primed UC-MSC revealed positive for CD105, CD73, and CD90, negative for CD45, CD34, CD14 or CD11b, CD79α or CD19 and HLA-DR surface molecules as same as the non-primed UC-MSC. In MLR suppression by UC-MSC, the TPL-primed UC-MSC activity revealed stronger anti-proliferative effect on the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells activated by allogeneic DC than those of non-primed UC-MSC in MLR. Furthermore, the TPL-primed UC-MSC promoted the expression of IDO-1, SOD1 and TGF-β in response to IFN-γ+/-TNF-α by RT-PCR and enhanced the expression of PD-L1 by FACS analysis. Discussion:In this study, we found the TPL-primed UC-MSC showed stronger antiproliferative potency on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells compared with non-primed UC-MSC. TPL-primed UC-MSC promoted the expression of IDO-1, SOD1 and TGF-β stimulated by IFN-γ+/-TNF-α, although TPL alone did not induce these factors. Furthermore, we found that the PD1 ligand (PD-L1) was induced in TPL-primed UC-MSC, likely IFN-γ enhanced the PD-L1 expression, evaluated by flowcytometry. These results suggested that TPL-primed UC-MSC seemed more sensitive to be activated as the immunosuppressant. Here, we firstly report the new function of TPL to induce the upregulation of immunosuppressive effect, although the mechanisms of TPL inhibition to MSC need to be explore. Conclusively, TPL-primed UC-MSC might be applied for the immunosuppressive inducer of MSC. Figure Disclosures He: SASAGAWA Medical Scholarship: Research Funding; IMSUT Joint Research Project: Research Funding. Nagamura:AMED: Research Funding. Tojo:AMED: Research Funding; Torii Pharmaceutical: Research Funding. Nagamura-Inoue:AMED: Research Funding.

P0538HYPERIN PREVENTS ISCHEMIC/REPERFUSION AKI VIA STK40

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Xu ◽  
Yue Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
In Vitro Experiments ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Sham Operation Group ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Operation Group

Abstract Background and Aims Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the outcome of an inflammatory process and tubular cell death that is triggered by undergoing a transient reduction or cessation of blood flow and following by reperfusion. Unresolved IRI can contribute to chronic kidney disease even death. Our aims is to investigate the protective effect of hyperin on ischemia-reperfusion renal injury (IRI) and its possible mechanism. Method ① The transcriptome chip data of multiple IRI models were selected from the NCBI GEO DateSets database and a number of key proteins that could participate in IRI were screened out (the fold increase was greater than 2 fold and was statistically significant). Network and transcript binding motif analysis was performed to determine the best binding protein. ② C57BL / 6J mice were selected and randomly divided into normal group, sham operation group, IRI group (bilateral renal pedicle clamping for 45min), hyperin + IRI group (50mg / kg.d per day, 7 days before surgery ), DMSO + IRI group (7 days before the operation, the same amount of DMSO was administered to the stomach every day, and the operation was the same as AKI), with 6 rats in each group. Renal tissue and blood were collected 24 hours after operation for testing. ③ In vitro experiments, human proximal tubule epithelial cells (HK-2) were selected and divided into hypoxia 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, and 48h for reoxygenation of 1, 3, and 6h respectively. Relevant indicators for RT-PCR detection were determined Optimal hypoxia time. The drug safe concentration was selected according to 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 μg / ml hyperin pre-treatment for 12 hours, and the CCK8 reagent was added for 2 hours to measure the absorbance at 450 nm. The cells were randomly divided into normal group, hypoxia group, hypoxia + DMSO group, hypoxia + hyperin group, and related indexes were detected by RT-PCR and Western Blot. ④ Obtain the tertiary structure of the protein and the three-dimensional structure of the hyperin molecule from the RCSB Protein Data Bank website and the PubChem compound database, and use molecular docking technology to determine the proteins that can bind to hyperin using autodock software and analyze their binding ability. Results Bioinformatics analysis suggested that STK40 protein is one of the key factors of IRI and may be a target for preventing and treating diseases. In vivo experiments showed that compared with the normal group and the sham operation group, the levels of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and kim-1 in rats were significantly increased after AKI, and HE staining of pathological sections showed an increase in renal tubular injury scores. Significantly decreased (P<0.05); RT-PCR results showed that kim-1, caspase-3, NF-κB, IL-6, TNF-α increased significantly after AKI, STK40, Bcl2 / BAX decreased, and the above after hyperin The indicators changed in opposite directions (P <0.05). In vitro experiments: The best time for hypoxia is 24h hypoxia + 1h reoxygenation; compared with the control group, the drug concentration is <100 μg / mL and the cell proliferation activity rate is> 90%, so the hyperin concentration was selected as 50 μg / mL (P < 0.05); RT-PCR results showed that Hif1-α, caspase-3, NF-κB, IL-6, TNF-α significantly increased, and STK40, Bcl2 / BAX decreased compared with the normal group. After administration of hyperin, the above indexes changed in opposite directions (P <0.05). Conclusion In this study, using molecular docking technology and constructing IRI mice model, it was confirmed that hyperin can reduce IRI and exert a protective effect on IRI by inhibiting STK40 expression.

scholarly journals Dachengqi Decoction Attenuates Intestinal Vascular Endothelial Injury in Severe Acute Pancreatitis in Vitro and in Vivo

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 2395-2406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-yun Pan ◽  
Ya-feng Chen ◽  
Hong-chang Li ◽  
Li-ming Bi ◽  
Wen-jie Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Serum Amylase ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Intestinal Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Intestinal Tissue ◽  
Tnf Α

Background/Aims: Dachengqi decoction (DCQD) is a well-known traditional Chinese herbal drug with strong anti-inflammatory effects. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) plays a vital role in maintaining the stability and integrity of the vascular wall and prevents vascular leakage due to inflammatory mediators. Our previous work found that DCQD protects against pancreatic injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). This study aims to investigate the effects of DCQD on intestinal endothelial damage in both damaged human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and SAP rats. Methods: HUVECs were randomly divided into four groups: control group, TNF-α group, TNF-α plus Ang-1 group (Ang-1 group), and TNF-α plus DCQD group (DCQD group). Cells were incubated for 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h, before collection. The treatment concentration of DCQD was decided based on a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The monolayer permeability of the HUVECs was assessed by measuring the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. mRNA and protein expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP-1), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and junctional adhesion molecule-C (JAM-C) was evaluated by RT-PCR, immunocytofluorescence, and western blot. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into a control group, SAP group, SAP plus Ang-1 group (Ang-1 group), and SAP plus DCQD group (DCQD group). SAP was induced by intraperitoneal injection of cerulein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), while the control group received 0.9% saline solution. Evans blue was injected through the penile vein and the rats were then sacrificed 12 h after modeling. Levels of serum amylase, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-6 were determined by using ELISA. Intestinal tissue was analysed by histology, and capillary permeability in the tissues was evaluated by Evans blue extravasation assay. Protein and mRNA expression of AQP-1, MMP9, and JAM-C were assessed by immunohistofluorescence, western blot, and RT-PCR. Results: DCQD reduced the permeability of HUVEC induced by TNF-α in vitro. Furthermore, DCQD altered the mRNA and protein levels of JAM-C, MMP9, and AQP-1 in HUVECs after TNF-α induction. SAP intestinal injury induced by cerulein combined with lipopolysaccharides was concomitant with increased expression of JAM-C and MMP9, and reduced expression of AQP-1 in intestinal tissue. Pretreatment with DCQD attenuated SAP intestinal injury and lowered the levels of serum amylase, TNF–α, IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-6 effectively. Our study demonstrated that DCQD decreased the expression of JAM-C and MMP9 and increased the expression of AQP-1 both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: DCQD can reduce capillary endothelial damage in acute pancreatitis-associated intestinal injury and the mechanism may be associated with the regulation of endothelial barrier function-associated proteins AQP-1, MMP9, and JAM-C.

scholarly journals B cell activating factor regulates periodontitis development by suppressing inflammatory responses in macrophages

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixia Wang ◽  
Tianyi Zhang ◽  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Zihan Wang ◽  
Yu-Jie Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
B Cell Activating Factor ◽  
Tnf Α

Abstract Background B cell activating factor (BAFF) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily with immunomodulatory effects on both innate and adaptive immune responses. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by periodontal soft tissue inflammation and the progressive loss of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Macrophages are closely related to periodontitis progression. However, the role of BAFF in periodontitis development and macrophage polarization and the underlying mechanism remain unknown. Methods In vivo, a ligation-induced mouse model of periodontitis for BAFF blockade was established to investigate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) through real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. In addition, the level of TNF-α in the periodontium, the number of osteoclasts, and alveolar bone resorption were observed. In vitro, RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were treated with 100 ng/mL Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis LPS) in either the presence or absence of 50 nM small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting BAFF, followed by further incubation for 24 h. These cells and supernatants were collected and stored for RT-PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. Results In vivo, BAFF blockade decreased the levels of TNF-α in the periodontium in a ligature-induced mouse periodontitis model. Reduced osteoclast formation and lower alveolar bone loss were also observed. In addition, BAFF blockade was related to the expression of polarization signature molecules in macrophages. In vitro, BAFF knockdown notably suppressed the production of TNF-α in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by P. gingivalis LPS. Moreover, BAFF knockdown attenuated the polarization of RAW 264.7 cells into classically activated macrophages (M1), with reduced expression of iNOS. Conclusions Based on our limited evidence, we showed BAFF blockade exhibits potent anti-inflammatory properties in mice experimental periodontitis in vivo and in P. gingivalis LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells in vitro, and macrophage polarization may be responsible for this effect.

scholarly journals Effects of Neuromedin S on the Proliferation of Splenic Lymphocytes and the Cytokine Secretion by Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages in Pigs in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lin ◽  
Q. Wang ◽  
B. Qi ◽  
Y. Huang ◽  
G. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Western Blot Analysis ◽  
Splenic Lymphocytes ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages

Abstract Neuromedin S (NMS), a 36-amino acid neuropeptide, has been found to be involved in the regulation of the endocrine activity. It has been also detected in immune tissues in mammals, what suggests that NMS may play an important role in the regulation of immune response. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the presence of NMS receptor 1 (NMU1R) and effect of NMS in pig splenic lymphocytes (SPLs) and pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs). The presence of NMU1R in pig SPLs and PAMs was respectively confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot analysis and immunocytochemical methods. Furthermore, SPL proliferation was analyzed using the 3-(4,5)-dimethyl-thiahiazo-(-2-yl)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) method. Additionally, the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in PAMs was all measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. In the present study, the results of RT-PCR and western blot analysis revealed that NMU1R mRNA and protein were both expressed in pig SPLs and PAMs, and the immunocytochemical investigations further revealed that the positive signal of NMU1R immunoreactivity was observed in plasma membranes of both SPLs and PAMs. In the in vitro study, we found that at concentrations of 0.001-1000 nM NMS alone or combined with lipopolysaccharide or phytohemagglutinin significantly increased SPL proliferation. Application of ELISA method showed that NMS could induce the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in PAMs. These results suggest that NMS can act as a potently positive pro-inflammatory factor and immunomodulatory agent that affects the immune response of immune cells by combining with its receptor NMU1R.

Expression of type 1 (interferon gamma) and type 2 (interleukin-13, interleukin-5) cytokines at distinct stages of natural killer cell differentiation from progenitor cells

Blood ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 1273-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Loza ◽  
Loris Zamai ◽  
Livio Azzoni ◽  
Emanuela Rosati ◽  
Bice Perussia
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Type 2 Cytokines ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ

To determine whether production of type 1 and type 2 cytokines defines discrete stages of natural killer (NK) cell differentiation, cytokine expression was analyzed in human NK cells generated in vitro in the presence of interleukin-15 (IL-15) and/or IL-2 from umbilical cord blood hematopoietic progenitors. Like peripheral NK cells, the CD161+/CD56+ NK cells from these cultures contained a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)+/granulocyte macrophage–colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)+ subset, an interferon gamma (IFN-γ)+ subset, mostly included within the former, and very few IFN-γ−/IL-13+ cells. Instead, most immature CD161+/CD56− NK cells, detectable only in the cultures with IL-2, produced IL-13, TNF-α, and GM-CSF, but not IFN-γ, and contained an IL-5+ subset. In short-term cultures with IL-12 and feeder cells, a proportion of the immature cells acquired the ability to produce IFN-γ. Part of these produced both IFN-γ and IL-13, irrespective of induced CD56 expression. These in vitro data indicate that ability to produce the type 2 cytokines IL-13 and IL-5 defines CD161+ NK cells at intermediate stages of differentiation, and is lost upon terminal functional differentiation, concomitant with acquired ability to produce IFN-γ.

scholarly journals Clusterin Reduces Cold Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Heart Transplantation Through Regulation of NF-kB Signaling and Bax/Bcl-xL Expression

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 1003-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guodong Liu ◽  
Hongmei Zhang ◽  
Fengyun Hao ◽  
Jing Hao ◽  
Lixiao Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Transplantation ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
H9c2 Cells ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Apoptotic Gene ◽  
Tnf Α

Background/Aims: Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is an unavoidable event occurring during heart transplantation and is a key factor in graft failure and the long-term survival rate of recipients. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of new therapies to prevent I/R injury. Clusterin is a hetero-dimeric glycoprotein with an antiapoptotic function. In this study, we investigated whether clusterin was cardioprotective in heart transplantation against I/R injury using an in vivo rat model and an in vitro cell culture system, and examined the underlying mechanisms of I/R injury. Methods: Heart grafts from wild-type C57BL/6 mice were preserved in UW solution (control) or UW solution containing recombinant human apolipoprotein-J (hr clusterin) for 24 h. The preserved hearts were implanted into recipient mice of the same strain as the donors for 72 h, and the heart grafts were then taken for histopathological and gene expression analyses. An in vitro ischemia reperfusion model using H9C2 cells or H9C2/clusterin cDNA cells was constructed. The expression of clusterin, p65, Bax, Bcl-xL, IL-1β, and TNF-α protein and mRNA in heart tissue and H9C2 cells was detected by western blot, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and quantitative RT-PCR assays; IL-1β and TNF-α protein was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays; NF-kB activity was detected by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay; cell apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling and flow cytometric analyses. Results: Cold I/R caused severe morphologic myocardial injury to heart grafts from wild-type C57BL/6 mice, whereas grafts from hr clusterin preservation showed less damage, as demonstrated by decreased cell apoptosis/death, decreased neutrophil infiltration, and the preservation of the normal structure of the heart. Clusterin reduced the expression of p65, pre-inflammatory IL-1β, and TNF-α, and the pro-apoptotic gene Bax, while it enhanced the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-xL in vitro and in vivo. Clusterin inhibited cell apoptosis/death and reduced pre-inflammatory. Conclusion: Clusterin is a promising target for preventing cold I/R injury in heart transplantation. This study also shows that the resultant protective effects of clusterin are mediated by NF-κB signaling and Bax/Bcl-xL expression.

scholarly journals Identification and evaluation of new Mycobacterium bovis antigens in the in vitro interferon gamma release assay for bovine tuberculosis diagnosis

Tuberculosis ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 795-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
María E. Eirin ◽  
Analia Macias ◽  
Gabriel Magnano ◽  
Claudia Morsella ◽  
Laura Mendez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
Release Assay ◽  
Tuberculosis Diagnosis

scholarly journals Αλληλεπίδραση μεταβιβαστών φλεγμονής και κυτταρικών πληθυσμών του αναπνευστικού επιθηλίου στην παθογένεια της ιδιοπαθούς πνευμονικής ίνωσης

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ευάγγελος Μπούρος
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Dnase I ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ

Η Ιδιοπαθής Πνευμονική Ίνωση (IPF/ΙΠΙ) χαρακτηρίζεται από βλάβη του κυψελιδικού επιθηλίου, ρήξη της βασικής μεμβράνης και απορρύθμιση του επουλωτικού μηχανισμού με κυρίαρχο ρόλο να έχουν οι μυοϊνοβλάστες, κύτταρα αποκλειστικά υπεύθυνα για την υπερβολική παραγωγή και εναπόθεση κολλαγόνου στο πνευμονικό παρέγχυμα, που έχει ως αποτέλεσμα την αναδιαμόρφωσή του (remodeling). Αν και τα τελευταία χρόνια υπάρχει εντατική έρευνα σε ότι αφορά την κατανόηση των μηχανισμών που οδηγούν σε αυτή, παραμένουν πολλά ανεξερεύνητα μονοπάτια της παθογένεια της.Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι η διερεύνηση του ρόλου των υποεπιθηλιακών μυοϊνοβλαστών του πνεύμονα (ΥΜΠ) και των διαλυτών μεσολαβητικών παραγόντων που επιδρούν στην ενεργοποίησή τους και την ανάπτυξη της ίνωσης σε ασθενείς με ιδιοπαθή πνευμονική ίνωση.Για το σκοπό της μελέτης ελήφθη βρογχοκυψελιδικό έκπλυμα (ΒΚΕ) χρησιμοποιώντας το εύκαμπτο βρογχοσκόπιο με την καθιερωμένη τεχνική από ασθενείς με γνωστή ΙΠΙ βάσει των ισχυόντων διαγνωστικών κριτηρίων (ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT 2011). Για ομάδα ελέγχου χρησιμοποιήθηκε ΒΚΕ από ασθενείς με ιδιοπαθή μη ειδική διάμεση πνευμονία (iNSIP), πάθηση η οποία ανήκει μεν στις ιδιοπαθείς διάμεσες πνευμονίες, όμως είναι διακριτή ως προς την παθογένεια, την πορεία και θεραπεία της, καθώς και από φυσιολογικά άτομα τα οποία υποβλήθηκαν σε βρογχοσκόπηση για διαγνωστικούς λόγους. Οι ΥΜΠ απομονώθηκαν από χειρουργικά δείγματα υγιούς πνευμονικού ιστού τα οποία στη συνέχεια καλλιεργήθηκαν με προ-φλεγμονώδεις παράγοντες ή με ΒΚΕ από ασθενείς με IPF ή iNSIP και εκτιμήθηκε η ινωτική τους δράση με την δοκιμασία επούλωσης τραύματος, in vitro, με διαδοχική λήψη εικόνων μέσω ανάστροφου μικροσκοπίου Olympus, καθώς και με την παραγωγή κολλαγόνου (μg/mL). H απομόνωση του ολικού RNA έγινε με την χρήση του TRIzol και ο καθαρισμός του με τη χρήση του κιτ DNase I. Η έκφραση των ινωτικών παραγόντων Tissue factor (ΤF) και (TNF-like ligand 1A) TL1A από τους ΥΜΠ έγινε με real time PCR. Παράλληλα μελετήθηκε ο ρόλος των διαλυτών μεσολαβητών IL-1α, TNF-α και IFN-γ είτε μόνων είτε σε συνδυασμό, στην προαγωγή και έκφραση των ινωτικών παραγόντων, ιστικού παράγοντα (tissue factor, TF), TGF-β και TL1A από τους ΥΜΠ. Για την ποσοτικοποίησή τους χρησιμοποιήθηκε η τεχνική της RT-PCR μετά από σύνθεση του cDNA. O χαρακτηρισμός των μυοϊνοβλαστών και η εντόπιση του TL1A έγιναν με την τεχνική του ανοσοφθορισμού. Η έκφραση των ινωτικών παραγόντων TF και TL1A, καθώς και η παραγωγή κολλαγόνου από τους ΥΜΠ έγινε με RT-PCR και Sircol assay, αντιστοίχως. Από την παρούσα μελέτη προέκυψαν τα εξής αποτελέσματα. Διέγερση των ΥΜΠ με ΒΚΕ, ασθενών και μη (n=3), ή μαζί με τη προσθήκη συνδυασμού κυτταροκινών (IL-1α+TNF-α+IFN-γ) υπήρξε στατιστικά σημαντική αύξηση επιπέδου κολλαγόνου (IPF1: 183.99 μg/ml±14.03, p<0.01, IPF2: 118.50 μg/ml±5.04, p<0.05, IPF3: 126.23 μg/ml±2.7, p<0.05 και 3C: 184.72 μg/ml±29.72, p<0.05 σε σύγκριση με τα μη διεγερμένα: 63 μg/ml±1.2). Διέγερση των ΥΜΠ με ΒΚΕ, ασθενών και μη, ή μαζί με προ-φλεγμονώδεις κυτταροκίνες (IL-1α, TNF-α) έδειξε μια στατιστικά σημαντική αύξηση στη μεταγραφική ενεργότητα του TF (IPF: 3.56-fold±0.14, IL-1α: 2.5-fold±0.08, TNF-α: 2.3-fold±0.007, 2C: 2.7-fold±0.17, p<0.05 σε σύγκριση με τα μη διεγερμένα: 1.1-fold±0.3) και TL1A (IPF: 6.5-fold±0.8, IL-1α: 156-fold±14.94, TNF-α: 240-fold±7.8, 2C: 116-fold±3.6, p<0.01 σε σύγκριση με τα μη διεγερμένα: 1.3-fold±0.6). Τα επίπεδα του TL1A επιβεβαιώθηκαν με ανοσοφθορισμό. Είναι η πρώτη φορά που ο TL1A ερευνάται στους ΥΜΠ. Διέγερση των ΥΜΠ μαζί με προ-φλεγμονώδεις κυτταροκίνες δεν επέδειξε κάποια σημαντική αύξηση στη μεταναστευτική ικανότητα σε σύγκριση με αυτή που διεγέρθηκαν με ΒΚΕ (IPF2: 43.69%±2.16, p<0.01, IPF3: 36.49%±2.37, p<0.05).Συμπερασματικά, το BALF από ασθενείς με ΙΠΙ επάγει την ινωτική δραστηριότητα σε μυοϊνοβλάστες πνεύμονα, παρόμοιο με τους μεσολαβητές που σχετίζονται με την ίνωση του πνεύμονα, υποδεικνύοντας έναν βασικό ρόλο των ΥΜΠ στην ΙΠΙ. Η κυτταροκίνη TL1A είναι μία σημαντική ινωτική κυτταροκίνη, που εκλύεται αρκετά στις ινωτικές βλάβες και επιδρά στην ινωτική δραστηριότητα των μυοϊνοβλαστών των ασθενών με ΙΠΙ.

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