scholarly journals Effect of Sublethal Dose of Dichlorvos on the Biochemical Parameters of African Catfish

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Achikanu CE ◽  
Ani ON
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Sublethal Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

The present study investigated the effects of sublethal concentrations of dichlorvos on liver marker enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase), acid phosphatase (ACP), serum total protein (STP), bilirubin, urea and creatinine in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles at sub acute period under laboratory conditions. A total of 90 juveniles of Clarias gariepinus with average weight and length of 200.15 ± 0.09g and 26.00 ± 0.00cm respectively were kept in three experimental groups of 30 per group in triplicate of 10 fishes. Groups 1 and 2 were exposed to dichlorvos at dosages of 21 and 43mg/l respectively and group 3 served as control for 15 experimental days. Analyses were carried out on days 1, 5, 10 and 15. From the results, there was no significant changes in the biochemical parameters tested on day 1 of the experiment but levels of the liver enzymes, ACP and bilirubin increased significantly (p<0.05) on other experimental days when compared with the control group. However, there was insignificant increase in the urea level and also a non-significant decrease in the creatinine and Serum total protein (STP) levels of the experimental groups when compared with the control group. From the analyses and observations made, we conclude that the administration of sublethal concentrations of dichlorvos to African catfish induced some damages to the liver which affected the levels of the liver enzymes and the increase in ACP level is indicative of carcinogenicity.

scholarly journals Effect of Partial Feed Deprivation on Serum Liver Enzymes’ Activities and Hepatic Histoarchitecture in Clarias gariepinus (African Catfish)

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Bashir Sa’idu Aliyu ◽  
Sohnap James Sambo ◽  
Ochuko Orakpoghenor
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Enzymes Activities ◽  
Feed Deprivation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The aim of this study was to evaluate serum liver enzymes’ activities and hepatic histoarchitecture in partially feed-deprived Clarias gariepinus (African Catfish). A total of forty-eight (48) active, live and apparently normal catfish randomly placed into two groups were used for this study. Fish in control group (labeled B) were fed with 4% of their body weight twice daily while fish in the feed-deprived group (labeled A) were fed with 25% of that quantity fed to the control group. Blood and liver samples were obtained at intervals of 7 days for 28 days for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and for histopathology respectively. Results revealed significantly higher (P < 0.05) values for ALT, AST and ALP in the feed-deprived group (A) compared to the control group (B). On histopathology, liver sections of feed-deprived fish showed lipid vacuolation and this became accentuated over the period and most prominent on day 28. The study has demonstrated that starvation in catfish produced liver damage reflected by increase in serum activities of these liver enzymes.

scholarly journals Effect of Metformin and Glimepiride Treatment on Some Biochemical Parameters in Diabetic Male Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Ali Mohammed Abbed
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Fasting Serum Glucose ◽  
Male Patients

The present study was included a measurements of fasting serum glucose, total protein, potassium, and calcium levels in the sera of 25 diabetic male patients suffer from chronic renal failure; their ages range were (32-75) and compared them with 25 healthy males as control group. The aim of this study was to study the effects of antidiabetic drugs on some biochemical parameters such as fasting serum glucose, serum total protein, serum potassium and calcium. The current results demonstrated a hyperkalemia in patients and this increasing of potassium is significantly (p = 0.03), but calcium level showed no significant variations ( p>0.05 ), and serum total protein was significantly decreased in patients as compared to the controls( p = 0.0002 ).

scholarly journals Histological Alterations in Some Organs of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Exposed to Sub-lethal Concentrations of Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine]

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-75
Author(s):  
Adedamola Akinbadewa ◽  
Henry Adewole ◽  
Stephen Adeyeni ◽  
Victor Olaleye
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Mucosal Secretions ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

This study used a static bioassay to investigate the histological effects of glyphosate on the gill, liver and muscle of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings. This was done with a view of further characterising the effect of glyphosate on C. gariepinus fingerlings and other aquatic life forms. Six-week old C. gariepinus fingerlings with an average weight of 10.02 ± 0.2 g were stocked into three exposure sets (control, 2.75 ppm (25% of the 96 h LC50 value) and 5.50 ppm (50% of the 96 h LC50 value)) in triplicate at 30 fish per tank for 70 days. The 96 h LC50  value was 11.00 mg/L. Histological examination of the C. gariepinus exposed to various sublethal concentrations of glyphosate showed that major histological changes in their organs were concentration dependent such as gill arch vacuolation, excessive mucosal secretions, lifting of epithelial, and epithelium thickening, hyperplasia and telangiectasis in the gills, discolouration, change in form and consistent alterations involving hyperplasia, narrowing of the central nerve, necrosis, pkynosis, blood congestion and vacuolation of the liver, mild hyperplasia and inflammatory responses in the muscle of the fish. The severity of histological alteration was more pronounced in fish organs exposed to 5.50 ppm of glyphosate concentration. This study concluded that the toxicant (glyphosate) is highly toxic to C. gariepinus particularly at a concentration of 5.50 ppm, therefore its use near farm lands or adjacent water bodies should be discouraged.

Glycine and L-Arginine supplementation ameliorates gastro-duodenal toxicity in a rat model of NSAID (Diclofenac)-gastroenteropathy via inhibition of oxidative stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinleye Stephen Akinrinde ◽  
Halimot Olawalarami Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Significant Amelioration ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Objectives This study examined the possible protective roles of exogenous glycine (Gly) and L-Arginine (l-Arg) against Diclofenac (DIC)-induced gastro-duodenal damage in rats. Methods Rats were divided into Group A (control), Group B (DIC group) and Groups C–F which were pre-treated for five days with Gly1 (250 mg/kg), Gly2 (500 mg/kg), l-Arg1 (200 mg/kg) and l-Arg2 (400 mg/kg), respectively, before co-treatment with DIC for another three days. Hematological, biochemical and histopathological analyses were then carried out. Results DIC produced significant (p<0.05) reduction in PCV (13.82%), Hb (46.58%), RBC (30.53%), serum total protein (32.72%), albumin (28.44%) and globulin (38.01%) along with significant (p<0.05) elevation of serum MPO activity (83.30%), when compared with control. In addition, DIC increased gastric H2O2 and MDA levels by 33.93 and 48.59%, respectively, while the duodenal levels of the same parameters increased by 19.43 and 85.56%, respectively. Moreover, SOD, GPx and GST activities in the DIC group were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the stomach (21.12, 24.35 and 51.28%, respectively) and duodenum (30.59, 16.35 and 37.90%, respectively), compared to control. Treatment with Gly and l-Arg resulted in significant amelioration of the DIC-induced alterations although l-Arg produced better amelioration of RBC (29.78%), total protein (10.12%), albumin (9.93%) and MPO (65.01%), compared to the DIC group. The protective effects of both amino acids against oxidative stress parameters and histological lesions were largely similar. Conclusions The data from this study suggest that Gly or l-Arg prevented DIC-induced gastro-duodenal toxicity and might, therefore be useful in improving the therapeutic index of DIC.

scholarly journals Effect of Humic Substances as Feed Additive on the Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status, and Health Condition of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2266
Author(s):  
Markéta Prokešová ◽  
Milena Bušová ◽  
Mahyar Zare ◽  
Hung Quang Tran ◽  
Eliška Kučerová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Total N ◽  
Positive Effects

In the present study, a possible nature immunostimulant and growth promoter—humic substances (HS) originating from Siberian leonardite mineraloid—were tested on juvenile Clarias gariepinus performance. Feed additive was applied onto commercial pelleted feed at four HS levels—0, 1, 3, and 6% w/w (HS0, HS1, HS3, HS6, respectively). Diets were tested in five repetitions (in total, n = 1800 individuals, mean body weight 28.1 ± 6.2 g) for 56 days. Growth and production parameters, fish condition and somatic indices, and overall mortality were evaluated after 14, 28, 42, and 56 days of exposure. Whereas, plasma samples were collected only after 0, 28, and 56 days, when fish health status was assessed with biochemical parameters (total proteins, TP; alanine aminotransferase, ALT; aspartate aminotransferase, AST; lactate dehydrogenase, LDH; cholesterol, CHOL; triglycerides, TAG) and fish antioxidant status with glutathione (reduced glutathione, GSH; oxidized glutathione, GSSG; glutathione ratio GSH/GSSG). Although a significantly positive effect of HS feed additive on growth performance was not found in the present study, moderately positive effects were found regarding biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, LDH, CHOL, and TAG) and antioxidants (GSH/GSSG ratio) that were improved especially in the HS3 group.

scholarly journals Biological characterization of implant surfaces - in vitro study

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira Soares ◽  
Camilla Christian Gomes Moura ◽  
Huberth Alexandre da Rocha Júnior ◽  
Paula Dechichi ◽  
Darceny Zanetta-Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Trypan Blue Exclusion ◽  
Experimental Surface

<title>Abstract</title><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Evaluate the biological performance of titanium alloys grade IV under different surface treatments: sandblasting and double etching (Experimental surface 1; Exp1, NEODENT); surface with wettability increase (Experimental surface 2; Exp2, NEODENT) on response of preliminary differentiation and cell maturation.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and method</title><p>Immortalized osteoblast cells were plated on Exp1 and Exp2 titanium discs. The polystyrene plate surface without disc was used as control group (C). Cell viability was assessed by measuring mitochondrial activity (MTT) at 4 and 24 h (n = 5), cell attachment was performed using trypan blue exclusion within 4 hours (n = 5), serum total protein and alkaline phosphatase normalization was performed at 4, 7 and 14 days (n = 5). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test.</p></sec><sec><title>Result</title><p>The values of cell viability were: 4h: C– 0.32±0.01<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 0.34±0.08<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 0.29±0.03<sup>A</sup>. 24h: C– 0.43±0.02<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 0.39±0.01<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 0.37±0.03<sup>A</sup>. The cell adhesion counting was: C– 85±10<sup>A</sup>; Exp1- 35±5<sup>B</sup>; Exp2– 20±2<sup>B</sup>. The amounts of serum total protein were 4d: C– 40±2<sup>B</sup>; Exp1– 120±10<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 130±20<sup>A</sup>. 7d: C– 38±2<sup>B</sup>; Exp1– 75±4<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 70±6<sup>A</sup>. 14 d: C– 100±3<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 130±5<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 137±9<sup>A</sup>. The values of alkaline phosphatase normalization were: 4d: C– 2.0±0.1<sup>C</sup>; Exp1– 5.1±0.8<sup>B</sup>; Exp2– 9.8±2.0<sup>A</sup>. 7d: C– 1.0±0.01<sup>C</sup>; Exp1– 5.3±0.5<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 3.0±0.3<sup>B</sup>. 14 d: C– 4.1±0.3<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 4.4±0.8<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 2.2±0.2<sup>B</sup>. Different letters related to statistical differences.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The surfaces tested exhibit different behavior at dosage of alkaline phosphatase normalization showing that the Exp2 is more associated with induction of cell differentiation process and that Exp1 is more related to the mineralization process.</p></sec>

Impact of Ogun River pollution on antioxidants and proximate composition of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-184
Author(s):  
B. O. Onunkwor ◽  
T. O. Akinpelu ◽  
O. J. Oladipupo ◽  
R. N. Ugbaja ◽  
O. J. Olaoye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ogun River

Most rivers in Nigeria are polluted without conscious efforts to abate ensuant consequences. Thus, Clarias gariepinus, an aquatic commercial food from Ogun River, Nigeria, was studied to investigate the impact of pollution on antioxidants and proximate composition. During the rainy season, 50 C. gariepinus (average weight 426.53 ± 24.40g and length 37.73 ± 0.95cm) were site sampled, 10 from each of Ago-Odo, Ago-Ika, Oke-Sokori, and Quarry along Ogun River course. Ajegunle-Adao cultured pond, served as control. The parameters assayed for included: some heavy metals and physico-chemical properties of sampled water, antioxidants and proximate composition of the fish samples. Physicochemical parameters of river studied showed that temperature of all sites ranged from 26 to 29°C, pH: 6.9 to 7.8, dissolved oxygen: 9.5 to 21.6, biochemical oxygen demand: 3.60 to 14.10, and chemical oxygen demand: 60 to 650. Lead (Pb) concentration ranged from 4.0 to 17.0 μg/L and cadmium (Cd): 0.0 to 6.0 μg/L. Blood Pb, Cd, activities of: superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, plasma xanthine oxidase, and lipid peroxidation level of fish samples from Ago-Ika were most significantly (p < 0.05) high, with significant (p < 0.05) lowest reduced glutathione concentration amongst the samples from polluted sites when compared to control fish. Proximate analysis showed that the fish samples from Ogun River had significantly (p < 0.05) lower protein, fat contents, and higher nitrogen-free extract while Ago-Ika, Oke-Sokori and Quarry sites had significantly (p < 0.05) lower moisture, ash and fibre contents when compared with control. It can be concluded that the impact of pollution induced oxidative stress and significantly diminished the nutritional value of C. gariepinus from Ogun River.

Study of brainstem auditory evoked response and biochemical markers in patients of alcohol use disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
Mudassir Anis Siddiqui ◽  
Divya Srivastava ◽  
Sandeep Choudhary
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Alcoholic Hepatitis ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Evoked Response ◽  
Transmission Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Auditory Evoked Response ◽  
Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response

Objectives: Data available on brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) and its correlation with biochemical parameters in patients of alcohol use disorder (AUD) in Indian population is scanty. Therefore, this study was undertaken to focus on the effects of AUD on BAER and liver enzymes. Materials and Methods: This case-control study included 40 males in the study group who had AUD and 40 healthy males in the control group in the age group of 20–60 years. The BAER was performed using octopus NCS/ EMG/EP (Clarity) machine. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase and serum bilirubin were estimated in all the subjects. Results: We observed a highly significant increase in the absolute latencies of waves III and V and interpeak latencies (IPL) I-III and I-V of BAER in the patients of AUD in this study. Significant increase in the liver enzymes and especially AST/ALT ratio of patients of AUD was seen which indicated towards subclinical alcoholic hepatitis. The latencies of waves of EPs (waves III, V, IPL I-III and IPL I-V) were positively correlated with the biochemical parameters and duration of AUD. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that AUD lead to the increase in brainstem transmission time and also lead to subclinical alcoholic hepatitis which is reflected by the increase in the liver enzymes. We concluded that chronic alcohol consumption affected the auditory pathways and delayed the auditory transmission time which was suggestive of possible demyelination of auditory tracts.

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