scholarly journals Family policy of the Russian state in the face of grand challenges: Main problems and contradiction

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-88
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Smirnov ◽  
◽  
Vladislav V. Gruzdev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Close Relationships ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Grand Challenges ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
The Face

Introduction: one of the most important great challenges is the demographic transition which brings about changes in people’s life styles, aging of the population and the expansion of various kinds of social, sometimes rather destructive, experiments. This, in turn, requires adequate actions on the part of the state, development of an effective social policy that can offset the effects of major challenges, as well as destructive hybrid influences both within the country and from outside. Objectives: to identify the main problems and contradictions of the state family policy in Russia, to assess its adequacy against the trends in modern societies development. Methods: formal-logical, comparative, secondary data analysis, content analysis. Results: a number of directions in transformation of family life and their manifestations in Russia have been identified; main discursive and practical aspects of the state family policy have been analyzed as well as its key dysfunctions. Conclusions: family resilience as a social institution has not changed significantly over the past 20 years. However, the number of Russians who are ready to justify abortion is declining, and, conversely, the number of those who are ready to justify divorce is increasing. The family today is still constructed as an institution of social control and reproduction of rigid gender roles. Moreover, in recent decades, certain strata of Russian society have returned to traditional conservative models of close relationships. State family policy is unable to neutralize the negative consequences of grand challenges and needs to be rethought. Its key dysfunction is the rigidity of discursive and social practices, ignorance of the real changes that are taking place in close relationships today. In addition, family policy is poorly integrated with other areas of state policy: there are no uniform methodological approaches to lifelong human development.

The Russian experience of interaction between the efforts of the state and society in pre-emption of social deviance (the end of XIX - beginning of XX century)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Надежда Мартыненко ◽  
Nadezhda Martynenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Institution ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Sexual Morality ◽  
Social Deviance ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
State And Society

The monograph deals with the problem of prostitution as one of the social deviations, conducted a retrospective analysis of all aspects of this phenomenon in the period of the mid XIX – early XX centuries.Investigated the origins of legalization of prostitution in Imperial Russia, shows the mechanism of regulation, the organization of police control and sanitary supervision. The ways of self-organization of society, the conditions that contributed to the development of private and public initiatives of self-help against the danger of turning to vicious fishing are revealed. The relationship of state structures, self-government bodies and public organizations in the prevention of prostitution. Describes the experience of Russian participation in the international fight against prostitution in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a synthesis of the obtained characteristics provides a basis to believe that the formation of the social institution of prostitution is a logical and objective process related to the deviation inherent in the human community. As a social deviation, prostitution is of double importance to society. The positive side is expressed in the illegal provision of needs that are not adequately met by the institution of the family, serves as a" safe valve " for aggressive trends. The negative is manifested in facilitation of crime. In modern Russian society, sexual morality normalizes many things that have traditionally been recognized as deviant in sexual behavior. The topic is relevant for the present in terms of the presence and establishment of this phenomenon. Prostitution remains one of indeterminant crime related to her involvement in minors with drugs, crimes and harboring criminals, a robbery and robbery.The reality clearly shows the unsolved nature of this burning problem. The tasks facing the current generation to combat negative social phenomena cannot be solved without the close cooperation of the state and society in this direction, without the historical experience of predecessors, without continuity. The introduction of the new material into scientific circulation in the course of the research enables a wide range of specialists, public organizations to use the historical experience of creating constructive mechanisms of interaction between the state and society to reduce the spread of modern prostitution, to solve urgent problems.

Calling the cavalry: firm-level investment in the face of decentralized expropriation

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Marques ◽  
Irina Levina ◽  
Anton Kazun ◽  
Andrei Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Central State ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Business Association ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Face ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Using Data

AbstractWhat characteristics of firms give them the confidence to invest in settings rife with expropriation by local officials? Empirically, firms in the developing world often face the threat of expropriation from local agents of the state rather than a centralized autocrat. Because policing local officials is costly, the state cannot easily credibly commit to doing so. This has negative consequences for investment. We argue that one solution is to allow firms to approach the state directly to ask for intervention. Not all firms are equally able to successfully get the attention of the state, however, so this mechanism only works for some. We develop an argument about the firm-level characteristics – large-scale employment, political connections, foreign ownership, and business association membership – that should make the central state more attentive to calls for help. Because firm with these characteristics are more likely to secure intervention against predatory bureaucrats, the latter are less likely to try to expropriate them. These firms' investment decisions should be less sensitive to local expropriation than other firms. We test this argument using data on cases of decentralized expropriation across Russia's regions and firm-level data from a cross-regional, large scale survey of Russian firms.

scholarly journals SCHOOL - A TOOL OF CONSOLIDATION

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (387) ◽  
pp. 226-232
Author(s):  
О. Artemenko ◽  
◽  
S. Аnzorova ◽  
P. Gasanova ◽  
М. Nikitina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
State Level ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Reconstruction Period

In modern conditions of the world economy's monopolization, sanctions, the flow of external migration of the labor force is an urgent problem of the necessity at the state level to preserve the cohesion and unity of the multiethnic Russian society. The article examines the historical development of Russia, where the school as a social institution performs not only an educational function but also the role of consolidating the multiethnic composition of the state. Russian language and culture fulfill this role through the school. Russian is historically considered as the language of integration of nations who have passed their ethnoge- nesis on the territory of Russia, their spiritual and cultural rapprochement with the Russians by the method of N. I. Ilminsky while preserving the native languages of students. Performing the function of consolidation, the Russian language acted as an integrator of nations, not their assimilator, as evidenced by statistics on the actual existence of more than 230 languages and dialects of nations. The article notes that in Russian politics before the reconstruction period, the school, performing a conso-lidating function, was a tool for leveling the ethnic characteristics of students, through unitary language training, forming national-Russian bilingualism. The analysis of scientific sources shows that such conditions before the reconstruction period led to objective facts not manifestations of interethnic conflicts. Also, during the entire Soviet period, literary languages were created and developed, and dialects were preserved to some extent, but, unfortunately, the functions of native languages were narrowed in social spheres. Describing the post-soviet period, cultural and linguistic diversity is noted, which is a significant source of social conflicts and political discussions. Under these conditions, cultural and linguistic state homogeneity becomes a subject of dissatisfaction in the public life of speakers of minority languages. The problem arises as to how to guarantee the participation of each language group in the life of a multilingual society with their socio-cultural integration, without violating international human rights legislation.

scholarly journals Formation of the “Soviet Human Capital” in the Higher Education in the 1930s.

2020 ◽  
pp. 796-809
Author(s):  
Elena I. Demidova ◽  
◽  
Aleksandr V. Zakharov ◽  
Elena A. Efimova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Student Community ◽  
Classical Models

The article addresses various aspects of the Bolsheviks’ policies in formation of the new Soviet student community in the 1930s. In the view of the Soviet government, new man, obedient and energetic builder of the socialist society, should not be burdened by the past, its images, traditions, and customs, be it at the mundane or social level. As a result, there were major changes in the family policy aimed at equalization of men and women and at fighting patriarchy. The article discusses the implications of this policy for the student environment and changes in the Soviet policy toward students in the 1930s. As has been mentioned in the preceding article, In the 1920s the state regarded higher education as an institute for “production” of “human capital,” as well as that of specialists. In its social and political practices of the 1930s, the AUCP (B) continued to realize the concept of Soviet higher education system and formation of the “Soviet human capital.” But these years saw certain changes and adjustments: while in the 1920s the emphasis was placed on essential radical measures, in the following decade the ruling party returned to the traditional, classical models of educational process in its activities in the field of higher education, with due regard to grandiose plans for socialist construction. The authors reveal a correlation between the negative consequences of the 1920s transformations and the subsequent reaction of the state aiming at resolution of problematic situations.

scholarly journals Constitutional Principle of Social Solidarity as a Basis for the Consolidation of the Russian Society and States

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-567
Author(s):  
Svetlana Leonova
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Time Restrictions ◽  
Constitutional Principle ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
The Face ◽  
Constitutional System

The current circumstances related to the Covid-19 pandemic, which the entire world community had to face, raised sharply the question of mutual responsibility of the society and the state. At the same time, restrictions imposed at the state level are most often assessed by citizens as excessive. As a result, the number of studies devoted to establishing the legitimacy of restricting human rights and freedoms in the conditions of the epidemic is growing, however, such a phenomenon as social solidarity remains practically ignored. It is social solidarity, understood as the cohesion of the society (not only in the face of common threats and challenges), that can become the basis for constructive interaction between the society and the state. The aim of the study was the legal understanding of social solidarity as a new constitutional principle of the Russian state, which presupposes the possibility of establishing permissible restrictions on individual rights and freedoms in the conditions of protecting the foundations of the constitutional state from the modern threats. The absence of a normative definition of social solidarity in the current legislation of Russia, despite the constitutional reform carried out in 2020, entails difficulties in the correct interpretation of this phenomenon. The use of both general scientific and special methods of cognition of socio-legal phenomena — the formal legal method and the method of legal modeling — made it possible to see in social solidarity not only the legal structure, but also the leading moral and ethical principle of interaction between the society and the state. The analysis of the domestic legal acts made it possible to conclude that the constitutional principle of social cohesion of the society and the state in the face of various threats with the observance of such elements as the rule of law, the constitutional provision of individual rights and freedoms and the conditions for their permissible restriction is the basis for the inviolability of the state and its constitutional system.

scholarly journals The values of family education in the context of Russian legislation (historical and pedagogical aspect)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-441
Author(s):  
L. O. Volodina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family Policy ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
Family Education ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Marriage And Family

The article is devoted to the problem of the values of family education in the context of Russian legislation, the historical conditions of their formation as a factor in the positive development of the state from Ancient Russia to the second half of the 19th century, reflecting the national characteristics of the formation of family law and its traditions. Its content is aimed at public awareness of the role and degree of influence of the state on the creation of the family as a social institution, whose functions are determined by the tasks of procreation and the education of worthy citizens of their country. The author holds the main idea that the values of family life, family upbringing and the norms of family law are complementary categories. As research methods a structural analysis of texts of legislative acts sources and scientific research on ethnic history and legislation containing the norms of Russian legislation, analysis of regulatory legal acts in the field of family policy and family education is used. This allows you to identify, study and interpret data on the nature and content of the values of family education in the structure of family law in different historical periods. The text is addressed to a wide circle of readers interested in the history of their country. It can be used in the preparation of historical and pedagogical works, highlighting the problem of family education and values as its basis. The historical facts contained in the article will be interesting for specialists involved in the development of legislative and regulatory acts governing marriage and family relations.

scholarly journals EXPANSÃO DA SILVICULTURA DO EUCALIPTO E TRANSFORMAÇÕES NO USO DA TERRA EM MUNICÍPIOS DO OESTE MARANHENSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 202006
Author(s):  
Allison Bezerra Oliveira ◽  
Diego Armando Souza Paz ◽  
Keilha Correia da Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The West ◽  
The Face ◽  
Rural Producers

EXPANSION OF EUCALYPTUS FORESTRY AND TRANSFORMATIONS IN LAND USE IN MUNICIPALITIES IN WEST MARANHENSEEXPANSIÓN DE EUCALIPTO FORESTAL Y TRANSFORMACIONES EN EL USO DE LA TIERRA EN MUNICIPIOS EN OESTE MARANHENSERESUMOO presente trabalho tem por objetivo compreender transformações recentes no uso da terra frente o avanço da silvicultura do eucalipto em quatro municípios do oeste maranhense: Imperatriz, Cidelândia, São Pedro d’Água Branca e Vila Nova dos Martírios. E como tal, discute o processo de inserção desta cultura no estado e algumas das transformações decorrentes deste avanço. o trabalho utiliza dados primários, fruto de pesquisas de campo que objetivaram a construção de acervo fotográfico, e realização de entrevistas não estruturadas com representantes de moradores, funcionários de fazendas e produtores rurais das áreas sob avanço do eucalipto nos municípios em destaque. Os dados secundários, sistematizados em mapas, gráficos e tabelas, são resultantes de informações colhidas no Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (INCRA), Instituto Maranhense de Estudos Socioeconômicos e Cartográficos (IMESC), o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e os relatórios de produção da própria Suzano Papel e Celulose.Palavras-chave: Uso da Terra; Silvicultura do Eucalipto; Oeste Maranhense.ABSTRACTThe present work aims to understand recent transformations in the use of land in the face of the advance of Eucalyptus forestry in four municipalities in the west of Maranhão: Imperatriz, Cidelândia, São Pedro d'Água Branca and Vila Nova dos Martírios. And as such, it discusses the process of inserting this culture into the state and some of the transformations arising from this advancement. The work uses primary data, fruit of field research that aimed at building photographic collections, and conducting unstructured interviews with residents' representatives, employees of farms and rural producers of the areas under Eucalyptus advance in the municipalities highlighted. Secondary data, systematized in maps, graphs and tables, are the result of information collected at the National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA), Maranhense Institute of Socioeconomic and Cartographic Studies (IMESC), and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE).Keywords: Land Use; Eucalyptus Forestry; West Maranhense.RESUMENEl presente trabajo tiene por objeto comprender transformaciones recientes en el uso de la tierra frente al avance de la silvicultura del eucalipto en cuatro municipios del oeste maranhense: Emperatriz, Cidelandia, São Pedro d'Água Branca y Vila Nova dos Martirios. Y como tal, discute el proceso de inserción de esta cultura en el estado y algunas de las transformaciones resultantes de este avance. El trabajo utiliza datos primarios, fruto de investigaciones de campo que objetivaron la construcción de acervo fotográfico, y realización de entrevistas no estructuradas con representantes de residentes, funcionarios de granjas y productores rurales de las áreas bajo avance del eucalipto en los municipios destacados. Los datos secundarios, sistematizados en mapas, gráficos y tablas, son resultantes de informaciones recogidas en el Instituto Nacional de Colonización y Reforma Agraria (INCRA), Instituto Maranhense de Estudios Socioeconómicos y Cartográficos (IMESC), el Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística (IBGE) y los informes de producción de la propia Suzano Papel y Celulosa.Palabras clave: Uso del Suelo; Eucalipto Forestal; Oeste Maranhense.

Yu.F. Samarin’s Model of the National State: Between Archaic and Modern

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Alexey B. Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
The State ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
National State ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
The Face ◽  
Identical Position ◽  
Ethnocultural Community ◽  
Communicative Space

Yu. F. Samarin’s works are traditionally viewed through the prism of his affiliation with Slavophilism. His view of the state is opposed to the idea of the complex empire based on unequal interaction of the central power with the elite of national districts. At the same time it was important for Samarin to see the nation not as an ethnocultural community, but as classless community of equal citizens, who were in identical position in the face of the emperor. Samarin’s attitude to religion and nationality had pragmatic character and were understood as means for the creation of the uniform communicative space inside the state. This position for the most part conformed with the framework of the national state basic model, however there still existed one fundamental difference. Samarin considered not an individual, but the rural community that owned the land, to be the basic unit of the national state. As the result the model of national state was viewed as the synthesis of modernistic (classlessness, pragmatism, equality) and archaic (communality) features.

A PROPOSED EVALUATION PLAN TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF A YOUTH DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME FACILITATED BY THE STATE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AGENCY (SITA) IN RURAL SOUTH AFRICA

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
Maura Mbunyuza-deHeer Menlah
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The State ◽  
State Information ◽  
Evaluation Plan ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
The Impact

This article reports on a proposed evaluation plan that has been developed to assess the work done by the State Information Technology Agency (SITA). The SITA programme was implemented in response to the South African government’s call to improve the lives of the populations in some rural areas through technology. The programme was meant to address slow development in  rural  areas  that  lack  technological  innovations  and  advances.  In  the proposed evaluation plan a review is made of secondary data, deciding how strategic priorities are to be determined, as well as analysis of the rural context environment. The researcher gives an account of how the evaluation strategies are to be piloted and rolled out thereafter. Lessons learnt are recorded and reported upon. A proposed evaluation plan will be developed, based on the lessons learnt in line with the objectives of the project.

The Prophetic Voice of the Church in a Democratic South Africa – A Theological Reflection

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lufuluvhi Maria Mudimeli
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
The State ◽  
Black Liberation ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Black Liberation Theology ◽  
Prophetic Voice ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Church

This article is a reflection on the role and contribution of the church in a democratic South Africa. The involvement of the church in the struggle against apartheid is revisited briefly. The church has played a pivotal and prominent role in bringing about democracy by being a prophetic voice that could not be silenced even in the face of death. It is in this time of democracy when real transformation is needed to take its course in a realistic way, where the presence of the church has probably been latent and where it has assumed an observer status. A look is taken at the dilemmas facing the church. The church should not be bound and taken captive by any form of loyalty to any political organisation at the expense of the poor and the voiceless. A need for cooperation and partnership between the church and the state is crucial at this time. This paper strives to address the role of the church as a prophetic voice in a democratic South Africa. Radical economic transformation, inequality, corruption, and moral decadence—all these challenges hold the potential to thwart our young democracy and its ideals. Black liberation theology concepts are employed to explore how the church can become prophetically relevant in democracy. Suggestions are made about how the church and the state can best form partnerships. In avoiding taking only a critical stance, the church could fulfil its mandate “in season and out of season” and continue to be a prophetic voice on behalf of ordinary South Africans.

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