scholarly journals Effect of additives introduction to fluxes manufactured from ladle electric steel slag

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 606-612
Author(s):  
N. A. Kozyrev ◽  
A. R. Mikhno ◽  
R. E. Kryukov ◽  
A. N. Kalinogorskii ◽  
L. P. Bashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Weld Metal ◽  
Rail Steel ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Aluminum Production ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Electric Steel ◽  
Total Oxygen ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Ladle Slag ◽  
Welding Fluxes

Studies of welding and surfacing fluxes containing ladle slag of electric-steel production of rail steel of JSC “EVRAZ ZSMK” were carried out. Welding under the flux was performed on the samples of sheet steel 09G2S by Sv-08GА wire using the weldingtractor ASAW1250 at exhaust modes. Chemical compositions of welding fluxes and slag crusts were determined. Also chemical composition of the studied welded samples was determined according to GOST 10543 – 98 by x-ray fluorescence method on XRF-1800 spectrometer and by atomic emission method on DFS-71 spectrometer. Metallographic studies were carried out with the use of an optical microscope OLYMPUS GX-51. The content of total oxygen and surface oxygen was studied using the LECO TC–600 analyzer. The possibility of using technogenic waste products of metallurgical production is shown for the production of welding fluxes. The following components were used for production of welding flux: ladle slag of electric steelmaking of rail steel from “EVRAZ ZSMK” JSC; BSK barium-strontium modifier produced under the terms of 1717-001-75073896 – 2005 by “NPK Metallotekhnoprom”; slag of silicomanganese production from “West Siberian steel plant”; electrostatic dust of aluminum production from “RUSAL” (carbonfluor-containing supplement). The studies have shown the suitability of the use of ladle electric steel slag for welding and surfacing of alloyed metal. The introduction of various flux additives reduces the concentration of total oxygen in the weld metal, which in turn increases the toughness. From the point of oxygen concentration in weld metal and impact toughness, it is better to use silica-manganese slag and carbon-fluoride additive as flux additives.

Study on Development of a Surface Build-Up Welding Using CH-90 Electrode to Replace Mn-Containing Rail Steel

2006 ◽  
Vol 15-17 ◽  
pp. 989-994
Author(s):  
Bo Young Lee ◽  
Dae Hwan An ◽  
Jae Sung Kim ◽  
Hyung Kook Jin ◽  
Duck Hee Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Weld Metal ◽  
Work Hardening ◽  
Rail Steel ◽  
High Load ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Friction Coefficients ◽  
Steel Electrode ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Casting Steel ◽  
The Cost

Rail steel at crossing areas bears much higher loads over any other section of a regular railway. Mn-containing casting steel is normally used for its high load-carrying capability and reduced wear rate. However, since Mn-containing casting steel tends to have casting defects, the cost of manufacturing defect-free Mn-containing casting steel becomes quite expensive. Therefore, through the use of welding, this study investigates the possibility of resurfacing Mn-containing rail steel using a CH-90 electrode as an alternative to completely replacing it. In this study, a series of experimental build up weldings was made and their microstructures, chemical compositions, work-hardening index and friction coefficients were investigated. The results showed that both microstructures and chemical compositions from the build up weld section were similar to that of Mn-containing casting steel, showing an austenitic microstructure with approximately 13% Mn. The friction coefficients measured closely to one another as well (mu of Mn-containing steel = 0.847 and mu of the resurfaced weld metal = 0.831). The work-hardening index of the build up weld metal was 30% higher than that of Mn-containing casting steel. This difference could be attributed to the residual stresses in the build up weld metal which indicates that the hardening speed of the build up weld metal is faster than that of Mn-containing casting steel by impact. Therefore, build up welding, using a Mn-alloyed steel electrode on rail steel, could be a safe and economic alternative to the high cost of Mn-containing casting rail steel replacement.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF BARIUM-STRONTIUM CARBONATITE FOR PRODUCTION OF WELDING FLUXES BASED ON SILICOMANGANAZE PRODUCTION SLAG

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 596-600
Author(s):  
N. A. Kozyrev ◽  
L. P. Bashchenko ◽  
O. E. Kozyreva ◽  
A. R. Mikhno
Keyword(s):  
Weld Metal ◽  
Nonmetallic Inclusions ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Barium Strontium ◽  
Welding Fluxes ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
In Series

The study results of introduction of barium-strontium carbonatite of various fractional composition into flux based on silicomanganese production slag are presented. The principal possibility of using their mixtures for depositing and welding of low-alloy steels is shown, while the use of barium-strontium carbonatite makes it possible to reduce contamination of weld metal with nonmetallic inclusions. In series of experiments in laboratory conditions, various compositions of welding fluxes were made and investigated. As components, barium-strontium modifier BSC produced by “NPK Metallotechnoprom” LC under TU 1717-001-75073896-2005 was used, wt. %: 13.0 – 19.0 % BaO; 3,5 – 7,5 % SrO; 17.5 – 25.5 % CaO; 19.8 – 29.8 % SiO2 ; 0.7 – 1.1 % MgO; 2.5 – 3.5 % K2O; 1.0 – 2.0 % Na2O; 1.5 – 6.5 % Fe2O3 ; 0 to 0.4 % MnO; 1.9 – 3.9 % of Al2O3 ; 0.7 – 1.1 % TiO2 ; 16.0 – 20.0 % CO2 as well as silicomanganese slag produced by JSC “EVRAZ – West-Siberian Metallurgical Combine”, wt. %: 6.91 – 9.62 % Al2O3 ; 22.85 – 31.70 % CaO; 46.46 – 48.16 % SiO2 ; 0.27 – 0.81 % FeO; 6.48 – 7.92 % MgO; 8.01 – 8.43 % MnO; 0.28 – 0.76 % F; 0.26 – 0.36 % Na2O; up to 0,62 % K2O; 0.15 – 0.17 % S; 0.01 % P. Basis of the flux is silicomanganese production slag, into which a flux additive was introduced. Flux additive was produced in two ways. The first one: by mixing barium-strontium modifier with liquid glass in a ratio of 75 and 35 %, respectively. The second variant is as follows: dust of strontium-barium modifier of fraction less than 0.2 mm was used as a flux additive. The technology of flux-additive manufacturing is described. Welding of rollers was carried out using ASAW-1250 welding tractor. Regimes of surfacing were worked out. The chemical compositions of fluxes, slag crusts, flux and weld metal were determined. Metallographic studies of metal were performed. The results of analysis for presence of nonmetallic inclusions in weld zone were carried out in accordance with GOST 1778 – 70. Studies indicate a decrease in contamination of weld metal by silicates that are not deformed and absence of brittle silicates. 

X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study on Reduction of Graphene Oxide with Hydrazine Hydrate

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 539-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Shi Ma ◽  
Jun Wen Zhou ◽  
Xiao Dan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Hydrazine Hydrate ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Total Oxygen ◽  
Graphene Oxides ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxygen Groups

Graphene oxide was prepared through Hummers' method，then different reduced graphenes were prepared via reduction of graphene oxide with hydrazine hydrate for 1h、12h and 24h. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used for the characterization of graphene oxide and the reduced graphenes. The variation of the contents of carbon in carbon and oxygen functional groups and chemical compositions of graphene oxides were investigated through analysis the content of different carbon atoms in different reduced graphenes. The results showed that the reduction reaction was very fast in the first 1 h, the content of total oxygen bonded carbon atoms decreased from 83.6% to 22.1%, and then after the reduction rate became very slow. After 12h, the content of total oxygen bonded carbon atom is 19.56%, only 2.54% lower than that of 1h’s. At the same time, C-N was introduced in the graphene oxides; this increased the stereo-hindrance for hydrazine hydrate attacking the C-Oxygen groups, thus reduced the reduction rate. After reduction for 24h, there still exists 16.4% oxygen bonded carbon atoms and the total conversion ratio of graphene approaches 70%.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity in the Chemical Composition of Biofertilizers, Potential Agronomic Use, and Heavy Metal Contents of Different Agro-Industrial Wastes

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Cajamarca ◽  
Douglas Martins ◽  
Juscimar da Silva ◽  
Mariana Fontenelle ◽  
Ítalo Guedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Great Heterogeneity

Several agro-industrial, livestock, and food wastes can be recycled to create biofertilizers. This diversity of raw materials can result in nutritional imbalance and an increase in heavy metal content, which could make the final product unfeasible. Thus, the chemical characterization of the raw materials and their influence on the sustainable and safe production of biofertilizers need to be better understood. In this context, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the chemical characteristics of agro-industrial residues used in the manufacture of an aerobic liquid biofertilizer. We analyzed the macronutrient, micronutrient, and trace metal contents of seven waste products used as raw materials to create a biofertilizer. In addition, a survey of secondary biofertilizer data from different residues was carried out that showed great heterogeneity in the chemical compositions of these residues, which has a direct impact on the agronomic efficiency of these biofertilizers. The characterization revealed that some materials may be contaminants of the soil, due to high levels of trace metals, especially cadmium. We conclude that the generation of detailed inventories, such as those of the nutrient and heavy metal contents of the raw materials and biofertilizers produced, is indispensable for the correct recommendation of biologically-based inputs in agriculture.

Improving Toughness of Electron Beam Welds of Heavy Mn-Mo-Ni Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Tomita ◽  
K. Tanabe ◽  
K. Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Fracture Initiation ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Intergranular Cracking ◽  
Electron Beam Weld ◽  
Upper Bainite

Electron beam welding melts and solidifies steel plate without using any welding material, unlike the conventional welding. Therefore, the toughness at the weld metal can decrease, depending on the chemical composition of the steel plate. Toughness at the electron beam weld can be increased by turning the microstructure from upper bainite into lower bainite and making the effective grain size finer. The microstructure can be controlled by the addition of alloy elements and optimization of impurity elements. In case the chemical compositions cannot be varied, largely because of the specification for their ranges, and the weld metal microstructure remains as upper bainite even after the application of microstructure control, methods to improve the toughness of electron beam weld itself, regardless of steel grades, becomes necessary. Phenomena peculiar to the electron beam weld are segregation during solidification and intergranular segregation over the dendrite surface. The fracture initiation is accelerated by the microcracks caused by the segregations during solidification. The fracture propagation is promoted by intergranular cracking caused by the intergranular segregation. By reducing these segregations, the fracture initiation and propagation are restrained and toughness increases despite the upper bainite microstructure. This can be achieved by the higher purification of steel. Through the foregoing investigations, ASTM A533 Type B Class 2 steel plate of 100 mm in thickness for electron beam welds has been developed for pressure vessels. Various welding tests as pressure vessels have been conducted, and it becomes clear that the developed steel plate has excellent toughness at the weld superior to those obtainable by conventional welding. The use of this steel greatly reduces the welding period compared to the conventional welding method.

Influence of Chemical Compositions on Lower Ferrite-Austenite Transformation Temperatures in 9% Cr Steels

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Santella
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Tempering Temperature ◽  
Transformation Temperatures ◽  
Austenite Transformation ◽  
Asme Code ◽  
Cr Steels ◽  
Grade 91

Computational thermodynamics approach was used to predict the ranges of the lower ferrite-austenite transformation temperatures, A1’s, in three 9% Cr steels. The predicted A1 ranges were: 766–856 °C for SA387 Grade 91, 775–863 °C for SA213 Grade T92, and 676–862 °C for the weld metal SFA-5.23 B9 (2004). For Grade 91 and Grade T92 using the highest tempering temperature permitted by ASME Code, 800 °C, would permit certain alloys conforming to the chemical composition specification to be tempered above their A1, thereby risking the formation of untempered martensite. Similar circumstances exist for weld metal conforming to the SFA-5.23 B9 specification. Linear regression analyses were performed to develop simplified expressions capable of representing the thermodynamically predicted relationships between chemical compositions and A1’s. These are, Grade 91/SFA-5.23 B9 (2004): 805 °C + 2.5(%Cr) + 18.1(%Mo) + 19.1(%Si)+ 37.1(%V) + 19.2(%Nb) − 63.7(%C) − 130.6(%N) − 60.5(%Mn) − 72.3(%Ni) Grade T92:778°C + 4.9(%Cr) + 22.6(%Mo) + 10.8(%W) + 22.9(%Si) + 43.6(%V) + 20.2(%Nb) − 80.6(%C) − 150.7(%N) − 55.1(%Mn) − 68.0(%Ni).

scholarly journals Effect of Additives Introduction to Fluxes Manufactured from Ladle Electric Steel Slag

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 504-509
Author(s):  
N. A. Kozyrev ◽  
A. R. Mikhno ◽  
R. E. Kryukov ◽  
A. N. Kalinogorskii ◽  
L. P. Bashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Steel Slag ◽  
Electric Steel ◽  
Effect Of Additives

Development of Slag Base for Welding Fluxes from Man-Made Mineral Formations of Ural Mining and Smelting Companies

2017 ◽  
Vol 743 ◽  
pp. 406-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav V. Naumov ◽  
Michael N. Ignatov ◽  
Anna M. Ignatova ◽  
Arseny O. Artemov
Keyword(s):  
Weld Metal ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Weld Joints ◽  
Welding Fluxes ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials ◽  
Welding Materials

Slag bases for welding materials have been developed from mineral raw materials and man–made mineral formations of the Urals. Successful comprehensive studies and tests of fused fluxes and also of weld metal and weld joints obtained by these welding materials have been carried out. It has been clearly established that the obtained weld metal has low content of harmful impurities ([S] is as low as 0.01 wt%) due to the use of the electric arc furnace method, purity of the feedstock minerals and technogenic raw materials and physicochemical reactions during the welding process.

Some Feasibility Studies for Recycling of Steel Slag as a Useful Flux for Submerged Arc Welding

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 277-289
Author(s):  
Sumit Saini ◽  
Kulwant Singh
Keyword(s):  
Weld Metal ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Submerged Arc Welding ◽  
Bead Geometry ◽  
Weld Bead Geometry ◽  
Arc Welding Process ◽  
Submerged Arc

Protection of environment from industrialization and urbanization waste is the prime duty of engineers and researchers. Elimination of industrial waste completely is not possible because it is generally a byproduct of the process. It can be minimized by recycling or reusing. In this research, waste slag generated by steel plant is recycled as a useful flux for submerged arc welding. It is found that recycled slag is capable of producing acceptable weld bead geometry. The penetration achieved using recycled slag is 7.897[Formula: see text]mm, which is more than the penetration obtained using fresh flux, i.e. 6.027[Formula: see text]mm. The reinforcement produced by recycled slag is 2.632[Formula: see text]mm, which is close to the reinforcement obtained using fresh flux. It is further observed that chemistry of weld metal deposited using recycled slag is also at par with that of weld metal produced using fresh original flux. The amount of carbon present in weld metal produced by recycled slag is 0.15%, which is comparable to the percentage of carbon present in weld metal produced using fresh flux. The microstructure and microhardness obtained using recycled slag are also comparable with the microstructure and microhardness obtained using fresh flux. This research established the feasibility of recycling slag as a flux required for submerged arc welding process.

scholarly journals Utilization of Fly Ash and Iron Slag in Concrete - An Experimental Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.12) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Cherukuru Surendra ◽  
Karthik S ◽  
Saravana Raja Mohan K
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Iron Slag ◽  
Strength Tests

The cement industry is responsible for about 6% of all CO2 emissions in the environment and numerous waste products out from the industries which is generating a lots of dumping problems and global warming. The main aim of this present study is to experimentally study the influence of partial replacement of cement with fly ash (FA) and partial replacement of fine aggregate with iron slag (IS) on the mechanical properties of concrete. Totally 10 mixes were prepared with 10, 20 and 30% replacements level of cement with fly ash and fine aggregate is replaced with 10, 20 and 30% by steel slag. The compressive and splitting tensile strength tests were found out after 7, 14, 28 and 7, 28 days age of curing for all the mixes respectively. Results were compared with conventional concrete and the optimum replacement percentage of FA and IS has reported.

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