Technologies for early diagnosis and screening in the early detection of malignant neoplasms

Abstract Background Under diagnosis of COPD is serious problem in many countries world-wide because there are no generally detection tools available to detect high-risk patients for spirometry, and patients will not go for COPD check-up until a serious issue happens like exacerbation. Objective The aim of the work is trying to assess a new screening tool for early diagnosis of COPD. Patients and Methods The present study was conducted upon 500 subjects during the period from march 2018 to august 2018 who admitted to our chest department or visit our outpatient clinic, employees and visitors to Ain Sham hospitals.All subjects >40yrs who smoker or ex-smoker(≥10pack-years) applied a six variants(age,sex,packed years smoked during life ,dyspnea,chronic phlegmand chronic cohgh)questionnaire modified from PUMA questionnaire Subjects with score ≥5 did spirometry Results 500 subjects shared in the study 497 of them were males ( 99.4% )and 3 were females (.6%). 152of them(30.4%) had score <5 and 348 of them (69.6%)had score ≥5 who did spirometry.152 subjects did not perform spirometry. By spirometry we diagnosed 81(23.3) case COPD (fev1-fvc <.7) out of 348 subjects under gone spirometry and 16.2% of total subjects(500) . Conclusion Modified puma score is a simple and easy screening questionnaire for early detection of COPD cases and spirometry should be done to confirm the diagnosis or rule out.COPD is prevalent in many healthy apparent persons.

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Experimental Ehrlichia canis infection changes acute-phase proteins

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612012000300006 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 206-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Thiago Demarchi Munhoz ◽

Joice Lara Maia Faria ◽

Giovanni Vargas-Hérnandez ◽

José Jurandir Fagliari ◽

Áureo Evangelista Santana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Detection ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

Ehrlichia Canis ◽

Laboratory Findings ◽

Early Detection Of Disease ◽

Acid Glycoprotein ◽

The Third ◽

Canine Ehrlichiosis

Early diagnosis of canine ehrlichiosis favors prompt institution of treatment and improves the prognosis for the animal, since this disease causes mortality among dogs. Studies have shown that determining the concentration of acute-phase proteins (APPs) may contribute towards early detection of disease and aid in predicting the prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the APP profile in dogs experimentally infected with Ehrlichia canis, at the start of the infection and after treatment. It also investigated whether any correlation between APP levels and the clinical and laboratory alterations over the course of the disease would be possible. The results obtained showed abnormal levels of all the APPs on the third day after infection (D3), with the highest levels being reached on D18, with the exception of ceruloplasmin and acid glycoprotein, which presented their peaks on D6 and D12 respectively. We concluded that assessment of APP levels could contribute towards establishing an early diagnosis of canine ehrlichiosis, particularly regarding acid glycoprotein and ceruloplasmin, since these proteins were detected at increased levels even before the onset of clinical and laboratory findings of the disease.

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A systematic examination of the mucous membrane of the mouth (oral mucous membrane) – method of early diagnosis of precancerous diseases

Clinical review for general practice ◽

10.47407/kr2021.2.2.00040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 32-37

Author(s):

Irina K. Lutskaya ◽

Keyword(s):

Early Diagnosis ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Malignant Transformation ◽

Mucous Membrane ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Pathological Lesions ◽

Systematic Survey ◽

Membrane Method ◽

Oral Mucous Membrane ◽

Systematic Examination

The article presents information on the liability of the dentist for reducing the risk of development of pathological processes, including malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity. A thorough inspection of the oral mucous membrane, in accordance with WHO recommendations provides a systematic survey of all departments of the oral cavity and surrounding tissues. This tactic can significantly reduce the risk of development of pathological lesions of the oral cavity, to prevent malignant transformation or provide early diagnosis.

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Neonatal gastric perforation: is prematurity the only cause?

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20203500 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 1318

Author(s):

Manas R. Dash ◽

S. K. Barma ◽

Pranay Panigrahi ◽

P. Parida ◽

P. K. Mohanty ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Detection ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Gastric Perforation ◽

Primary Repair ◽

Surgical Care ◽

Abdominal Distension ◽

Anterior Wall ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Neonatal Gastric Perforation ◽

Gastric Ischemia

Background: Neonatal Gastric Perforation (NGP) is a serious and life-threatening emergency and challenging in terms of diagnosis and management. The precise aetiology remains obscure in most cases. Published literatures provide theories of gastric ischemia, aerophagia & trauma with or without definite inciting pathology. Owing to its high mortality rate, it requires early detection & urgent intervention to bring out the newborn from this catastrophe.Methods: We report five cases of neonatal gastric perforation over period of 2013-2019 admitted to a tertiary paediatric surgical care hospital managed by early detection, prompt resuscitation along with exploration and primary repair of the defect in gastric wall.Results: The common feature in these five cases were preterm age, low birth weight, hypoxic event and marked abdominal distension causing respiratory distress. Features of imminent or complete septic shock were present in all cases. Perforation was found on anterior wall along greater curvature of stomach in all babies. Four babies out of five survived except in one case of jejunoileal Artesia that developed gastric perforation in post operative period.Conclusions: Neonatal gastric perforation should be suspected in cases of rapidly deteriorating premature newborn with gross abdominal distension and pneumoperitoneum. In our opinion, etiology of NGP is multifactorial. Prematurity, low APGAR score with vigorous resuscitation could be a clue for early diagnosis. Good outcome in our series was due to early diagnosis and prompt pre and postoperative measures. Additionally, sterile gastric content in peritoneum might lead to survival from this catastrophic event.

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Evaluation of a Genus Specific rGroEL 1-524 IgM-ELISA and Commercially ELISA Kits During Course of Leptospirosis in Thailand

10.21203/rs.3.rs-352195/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Santi Maneewatchararangsri ◽

Galayanee Doungchawee ◽

Thareerat Kalambaheti ◽

Viravarn Luvira ◽

Ngamphol Soonthornworasiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Detection ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Screening Test ◽

Scrub Typhus ◽

Acute Infection ◽

Febrile Illness ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Elisa Assay ◽

Igm Elisa ◽

Post Onset

Abstract This work, we developed a genus-specific rGroEL1-524 IgM-ELISA assay for using as screening diagnosis of suspected leptospirosis among acute undifferentiated febrile illness patients during acute fever. Ddiagnostic accuracies of rGroEL1–524 IgM-ELISA, and commercial Panbio IgM-ELISA, and Virion-Serion Classic IgG-ELISA were evaluated with Thai 107 leptospirosis sera, and 189 controls, compared to reference culture and/or MAT methods. Sensitivities were 91.7%, 59.6%, and 17.7% for acute- infection, and were 97.1%, 54.8%, and 9.7% for early detection at 1-3 days post-onset of symptoms (DPO1-3), and the specificities were 87.5%, 86.6%, and 74.8% among controls, respectively. The rGroEL1-524 IgM-ELISA had high sensitivity, at 95.9% and 91.2% among culture and MAT negative cases. Impaired specificity on scrub typhus, possibly from antibody-cross reaction to ortholog GroEL. Commercial Panbio IgM-ELISA had sensitivities of 50%, 63.2%, and 89.9% compared with culture, MAT-negative and single MAT-positive cases whereas Virion-Serion IgG-ELISA provided sensitivities of 13.3%, 10.5% and 71.4%, respectively. A rGroEL1-524 IgM-ELISA could be useful as a screening test for early diagnosis. The performance of the commercial ELISA suggests the applicability of IgM-ELISA for diagnosis, while IgG-ELISA is useful for seroprevalence surveys. However, confirmation by reference tests is recommended.

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Surgical Prevention in Ovarian Cancer

Handbook of Research on Oncological and Endoscopical Dilemmas in Modern Gynecological Clinical Practice - Advances in Medical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-4213-2.ch014 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 194-206

Author(s):

Alexios Papanikolaou ◽

Anastasios Liberis ◽

Anastasia Vatopoulou

Keyword(s):

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Primary Prevention ◽

Early Detection ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Genital Tract ◽

Female Genital Tract ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Advanced Stage ◽

Stage Disease

Ovarian cancer is the second most common malignant disease of the female genital tract, but the first in mortality because it is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. Options for early detection, diagnosis, and treatment are limited. Prevention of ovarian cancer relates to primary prevention by avoiding factors that are epidemiologically associated with an increased incidence of ovarian cancer and the adoption of protective habits. These include interventions to exclude the fallopian tubes and ovaries. Secondary prevention is related to early diagnosis. The chapter aims to summarize current evidence on prevention of ovarian cancer as well as role of surgery to prevent advanced-stage disease.

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Automatic Detection and Assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Advances in Early Childhood and K-12 Education - Handbook of Research on Critical Issues in Special Education for School Rehabilitation Practices ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-7630-4.ch020 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 396-425

Author(s):

Thanga Aarthy M. ◽

Menaka R. ◽

Karthik R.

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Early Detection ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽

Pathological Condition ◽

Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder ◽

Clinical Methods

Children with neurodevelopmental disorders are increasing gradually every year. One in 100 children are diagnosed with brain function disorder. There are wide categories of disorder such as attention deficit hyperactive disorder, learning, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), etc. In this work, the focus is on ASD, its clinical methods, and analysis in various research works. ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder which affects the intellectual functioning, social interaction (adaptive behavior), and has a specific obsessive interest. At present, there is no known cure for ASD, but the level of the pathological condition can be reduced when it is detected early. Early detection is tough and challenging till date. Many researches were carried out to ease the early detection for clinicians. Each method has its own merits and demerits. This chapter reviews and condenses various research works and their efficacy in analysis for the early diagnosis and improvement in children with autism.

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Universal Pulse Oximetry Screening for Early Detection of Critical Congenital Heart Disease

Clinical Medicine Insights Pediatrics ◽

10.4137/cmped.s33086 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. CMPed.S33086 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Praveen Kumar

Keyword(s):

Congenital Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Early Detection ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Pulse Oximetry ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Developed Countries ◽

The United States ◽

Critical Congenital Heart Disease ◽

Pulse Oximetry Screening

Critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) is a major cause of infant death and morbidity worldwide. An early diagnosis and timely intervention can significantly reduce the likelihood of an adverse outcome. However, studies from the United States and other developed countries have shown that as many as 30%–50% of infants with CCHD are discharged after birth without being identified. This diagnostic gap is likely to be even higher in low-resource countries. Several large randomized trials have shown that the use of universal pulse-oximetry screening (POS) at the time of discharge from birth hospital can help in early diagnosis of these infants. The objective of this review is to share data to show that the use of POS for early detection of CCHD meets the criteria necessary for inclusion to the universal newborn screening panel and could be adopted worldwide.

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Skin Cancer System Detection Using K-Means Algorithm

Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience ◽

10.1166/jctn.2020.9242 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

pp. 3627-3630

Author(s):

Keerthi B. Sai Madhu ◽

Sai Pranathi A. V. ◽

L. Sujihelen

Keyword(s):

Skin Cancer ◽

Early Detection ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Skin Tumor ◽

At Home

Melanoma is the type of skin cancer which will spread fast into the inner most layer of skin. The early detection of the skin tumor will avoid spreading of the disease, and also reduce the cancer cells. More methods are there to detect the harmful cancer present in the skin. Once the skin is infected by some disease, the patient should consult doctor and getting the suggestion from the doctor. The proposed work is used to early diagnosis of skin cancer at home before consulting doctor. The important aim in this proposed work is that it will find the cancer present in the skin using K-Means Algorithms. In this proposed system the input will be the image of the skin and the output will be the detection of the affected portion whether it is normal or abnormal. This proposed system helps us to save the time and gives the best result before consulting the doctor when compared with existing system.

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