scholarly journals Theobroma bicolor Humb. & Bonpl. (Sterculiaceae, "Cuapataxtle") en el Municipio de Ayutla de los Libres, Guerrero. Composición Florística de los huertos y aspectos etnobotánicos

2017 ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Beatriz Rendón-Aguilar ◽  
Graciela González Soto ◽  
María Isabel Oble-Delgadillo ◽  
Virginia Ojeda-Cornejo ◽  
Rosa Elvira Parra-Padilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
The Political ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Political Center ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Number Of Individuals

This research had the next objectives: 1] to describe the floristic composition of the orchards where T. bicolor is growing on, in the municipio of Ayutla de los Libres, Guerrero; 2] to describe ethnobotanical aspects related with the uses of T. bicolor and 3] to report the presence of T. bicolor in the state of Guerrero, specifically in the municipio of Ayutla de los Libres. Nine orchards located in different communities and associated to different ethnical composition were sampled. Number of species per sampled area, number of individuals per species and relative density of each species were obtaind. Description of uses of T. bicolor was obtained through interviews applied to farmers (mestizos and indigenous). Species richness, kind of species and relative density show high heterogenity among orchards. Those near the cabecera municipal show variable floristic composition and relative densities of man y fruit species and cuapataxtle are high. Orchards far from the cabecera municipal also show variable floristic composition but relative densities of almost all the species present there are low. The conclusion is that the variability in floristic composition, as well as the differences in relative densities of many species reflect the idea of traditional management, location of orchards respect to the political center of Ayutla and the importance of nearness to places of commercial activity.

scholarly journals Diversity and Floristic Composition in the Analogous Vegetation of Indiviso, Baquerizo Moreno, Tungurahua

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Caranqui ◽  
M. Ortíz
Keyword(s):  
Relative Density ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Importance Index ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Number Of Individuals

This research study contributes to the knowledge of the diversity and similarity of vegetation more than 5 cm diameter at breast height (DBH); the study was carried out in the montane forest located in Tungurahua, Pillaro, Baquerizo Moreno, Indiviso (01°18’S, 78°30’W), at an altitude of 30,400 m. A transect of 1000 m² was made, divided into 5 plots of 50×4 m. The species were identified by the ESPOCH Herbarium, and the values calculated were relative density (DR) and relative dominance (DMR) to obtain the Importance Index (IV). 18 families, 29 genera, and 33 species were found, corresponding to 249 individuals, in which the largest number of individuals were accounted for by Escallonia myrtilloides (8.03%), Macleania rupestris (7.63%), Vaccinium floribundum (6.02%), Gynoxis buxifolia and Miconia bracteolata with 5.62%, Bacharis teindalensis and Blechnum loxensis with 4.82%, and Maytenus vertillata, Hypericum laricifolium, Tibouchina lepidota, Brachyotum ledifolium, Sympoccos with 4.02%; the remaining species had lower values. The reason for finding both species of shrub paramo and high montane forest is not so clear, since physiognomically the area under study was a high montane forest. Furthermore, no studies have been conducted in other transition zones, but for this reason, a high number of species of two types of vegetation is found. Keywords: analogue flowering, shrub paramo, high montane forest, indiviso. Resumen El presente trabajo contribuye al conocimiento de la diversidad y similitud de la vegetación mayor de 5 cm de diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP); el estudio se realizó en el bosque montano localizados en provincia de Tungurahua, cantón Pillaro, parroquia Baquerizo Moreno, sector Indiviso, en las ccordenadas 01°18’S; 78°30’W, altitud 30.400 m.s.n.m. Se realizó un transecto de 1000 m², divididos en 5 subtransectos de 50×4 m. Las especies se identificaron el Herbario ESPOCH, los datos calculados fueron Densidad relativa (DR), dominancia relativa (DMR) para obtener Indice de Importancia (IV). se encontraron 18 familias, 29 géneros, 33 especies que corresponden a 249 individuos, en las cuales el mayor número de individuos cuenta Escallonia myrtilloides (8,03%), Macleania rupestris (7,63%), Vaccinium floribundum (6,02%), Gynoxis buxifolia y Miconia bracteolata con 5,62%, Bacharis teindalensis y Blechnum loxensis con 4,82%, Maytenus vertillata, Hypericum laricifolium, Tibouchina lepidota, Brachyotum ledifolium, Sympoccos quítense con 4,02%; el resto con valores inferiores. La explicación de tanto especies de páramo arbustivo y bosque montano alto no están tan claros, ya que fisionomicamente fue un bosque montano alto esta zona en estudio. Además no se han encontrado estudios en otras zonas de transición, pero por ello se encuentra un número alto de especies de dos tipos de vegetación. Palabras clave: vegetación análoga, páramo arbustivo, bosque montano, indiviso.

scholarly journals To the Question of Relationships of Representatives of the Sheybanid Dynasty with the Leaders of the Sufi Brotherhood of Maverannahr (1534-1598)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2 (26)) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Lutfullo E. Ismoilov ◽  
Jazgul R. Rahimova
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Complex Relationship ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Political Center ◽  
Almost All ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The City

The purpose of this article is to show the complex relationship of the Sheybanid rulers with the local Maverannahr Sufi brotherhoods - naqshbandiya, kubraviya and jahriya (yassaviya). The main materials for this study were information from Persian-language sources and Muslim hagiographic writings ( manakib ) of that period. The second generation of the Sheybanids, whose representatives came to power in the middle 30s of the 16th century, unlike their predecessors, sought to establish trusting relations with the leaders of the various Sufi brotherhoods of Maverannahr. After the death of the great Khan Kuchkunji Khan (died in 1534), Ubaidulla (died in 1540), whose residence was in Bukhara, became the new great khan of nomadic Uzbeks. He maintained close relations with such well-known leaders of the Sufi brotherhoods of that period as the leader of the naqshbandi brotherhood - Khoja Ahmad Kosoni (died in 1549), the leader of the kubraviya brotherhood - Sheikh Hussein Khorezmi (died in 1551), etc. In the other large political center of Maverannahr - Samarkand, after the death of Kuchkunji Khan, his sons Abu Said Khan and Fulad Sultan became co-rulers of the city. They established very close relations with prominent Sufi leaders. In the 50-60s of the 16th century, due to the political ambitions of a new generation of Sheybanids, the country plunged into political chaos and a state of instability. Almost all famous Sufi leaders of that period supported the claims of Sheibanid Abdullah Khan II (died 1598) on the Khan’s throne.

Female Representation in Colombia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Pachón ◽  
Santiago E. Lacouture
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
Substantive Representation ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Electoral Democracy ◽  
Almost All

Mónica Pachón and Santiago E. Lacouture examine the case of Colombia and show that women’s representation has been low and remains low in most arenas of representation and across national and subnational levels of government. The authors identify institutions and the highly personalized Colombian political context as the primary reasons for this. Despite the fact that Colombia was an electoral democracy through almost all of the twentieth century, it was one of the last countries in the region to grant women political rights. Still, even given women’s small numbers, they do bring women’s issues to the political arena. Pachón and Lacoutre show that women are more likely to sponsor bills on women-focused topics, which may ultimately lead to greater substantive representation of women in Colombia.

scholarly journals Modelling spreading of an infection using time series by a novel family of models; fitting the time series of the confirmed cases of COVID-19 in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Jamshidi ◽  
Shahriar Jamshidi Zargaran ◽  
Mansour Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Time Series Models ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
The Novel ◽  
New Family ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Number Of Individuals

AbstractIntroductionTime series models are one of the frequently used methods to describe the pattern of spreading an epidemic.MethodsWe presented a new family of time series models able to represent the cumulative number of individuals that contracted an infectious disease from the start to the end of the first wave of spreading. This family is flexible enough to model the propagation of almost all infectious diseases. After a general discussion on competent time series to model the outbreak of a communicable disease, we introduced the new family through one of its examples.ResultsWe estimated the parameters of two samples of the novel family to model the spreading of COVID-19 in China.DiscussionOur model does not work well when the decreasing trend of the rate of growth is absent because it is the main presumption of the model. In addition, since the information on the initial days is of the utmost importance for this model, one of the challenges about this model is modifying it to get qualified to model datasets that lack the information on the first days.

scholarly journals Rise and Fall of the Grand Canal in the Ancient Kaifeng City of China: Role of the Grand Canal and Water Supply in Urban and Regional Development

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1932
Author(s):  
Wenji Huang ◽  
Mingwang Xi ◽  
Shibao Lu ◽  
Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary
Keyword(s):  
Song Dynasty ◽  
The Political ◽  
The South ◽  
Central Plains ◽  
Grand Canal ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Song Dynasty ◽  
Political Center ◽  
Northern Song ◽  
The Grand Canal

In the long history of the feudal society of China, Kaifeng played a vital role. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Kaifeng became a worldwide metropolis. The important reason was that the Grand Canal, which was excavated during the Sui Dynasty, became the main transportation artery for the political and military center of the north and the economic center of the south. Furthermore, Kaifeng was located at the center of the Grand Canal, which made it the capital of the later Northern Song Dynasty. The Northern Song Dynasty was called “the canal-centered era.” The development of the canal caused a series of major changes in the society of the Northern Song Dynasty that were different from the previous ones, which directly led to the transportation revolution, and in turn, promoted the commercial revolution and the urbanization of Kaifeng. The development of commerce contributed to the agricultural and money revolutions. After the Northern Song Dynasty, the political center moved to the south. During the Yuan Dynasty, the excavation of the Grand Canal made it so that water transport did not have to pass through the Central Plains. The relocation of the political center and the change in the canal route made Kaifeng lose the value of connecting the north and south, resulting in the long-time fall of the Bianhe River. Kaifeng, which had prospered for more than 100 years, declined gradually, and by the end of the Qing Dynasty, it became a common town in the Central Plains. In ancient China, the rise and fall of cities and regions were closely related to the canal, and the relationship between Kaifeng and the Grand Canal was typical. The history may provide some inspiration for the increasingly severe urban and regional sustainable development issues in contemporary times.

Growth and Decline in South Africa's Churches, 1960-911

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-369
Author(s):  
David Goodhew
Keyword(s):  
Roman Catholic ◽  
The Political ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Christian Churches ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Expanding Population ◽  
Almost All

AbstractSouth Africa's churches grew or declined so quickly in the years after 1960 that by 1991 the country's religious map had been redrawn. This article charts and offers explanations for such developments. Almost all Christian churches grew substantially in the first half of the twentieth century but mainline churches were dominant. They continued to grow numerically into the 1960s and 1970s, but were beginning to shrink as a proportion of the expanding population. By contrast, Roman Catholic, African Independent and smaller independent denominations were growing quickly. By the 1990s, mainline Protestant churches were suffering considerable decline and Roman Catholicism's growth had stalled. African Independent and other churches continued to grow rapidly. A matrix of forces help to explain this phenomenon-including the political situation, socio-economic pressures, secularisation and particular religious factors. A comparative perspective shows South Africa's churches to have much in common with African and global trends.

FEATURES OF THE APPLICATION OF THE FEDERAL STANDARD “NON-COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY”

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Elena M. Posadneva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Aggregate Information ◽  
Federal Standard ◽  
Non Profit Organizations ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Accounting Policy

The Federal Standard "Non-commercial Activity" contains certain requirements for the for-mation of aggregate information about accounting objects in accounting. Taking into account the specifics of the activities of almost all types of non-profit organizations, it is necessary to provide, when applying it, all the necessary conditions for the activities of non-profit organizations with their reflection in the accounting policy, the introduction of the necessary sub-accounts, the order of records on them, etc.

Polarization and Electoral Incentives: The End of the Chilean Consensus Democracy, 1990–2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Fábrega ◽  
Jorge González ◽  
Jaime Lindh
Keyword(s):  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Political Support ◽  
The Political ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Consensus Democracy ◽  
Electoral Incentives ◽  
Spatial Voting ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Political Center

AbstractConsensus democracy among the main Chilean political forces ended abruptly after the 2013 presidential and parliamentary elections, the most polarized elections since the return to democracy in 1990. Relying on spatial voting theory to uncover latent ideological dimensions from survey data between 1990 and 2014, this study finds patterns of gradual polarization starting at least ten years before the collapse of consensus, based on an increasing demobilization of the political center that misaligned politicians from their political platforms (particularly in the center-left parties). That phenomenon changed the political support for the two main political coalitions and the intracoalition bargaining power of their various factions. The pattern also helps to explain the process behind the 2015 reform of the electoral system.

scholarly journals Inevitable Third: Ethical and Political Aspects of Interactions with Artificial Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (99) ◽  
pp. 90-107
Author(s):  
D.A. Tomiltseva ◽  
A.S. Zheleznov
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
The Political ◽  
Artificial Agents ◽  
Political Values ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Philosophical Understanding

Artificial agents i.e., man-made technical devices and software that are capable of taking meaningful actions and making independent decisions, permeate almost all spheres of human life today. Being new political actants, they transform the nature of human interactions, which gives rise to the problem of ethical and political regulation of their activities. Therefore, the appearance of such agents triggers a global philosophical reflection that goes beyond technical or practical issues and makes researchers return to the fundamental problems of ethics. The article identifies three main aspects that call for philosophical understanding of the existence of artificial agents. First, artificial agents reveal the true contradiction between declared moral and political values and real social practices. Learning from the data on the assessments and conclusions that have already taken place, artificial agents make decisions that correspond to the prevailing behavioral patterns rather than moral principles of their creators or consumers. Second, the specificity of the creation and functioning of artificial agents brings the problem of responsibility for their actions to the forefront, which, in turn, requires a new approach to the political regulation of the activities of not only developers, customers and users, but also the agents themselves. Third, the current forms of the activity of artificial agents shift the traditional boundaries of the human and raise the question of redefining the humanitarian. Having carefully analyzed the selected aspects, the authors reveal their logic and outline the field for further discussion.

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