Pengaruh Tri-n-Oktil Posfin Oksida dan Tingkat Ekstraksi pada Pemurnian Konsentrat Thorium

Telah dilakukan ekstraksi konsentrat thorium oksalat hasil olah monasit memakai ekstraktan Tri – n - Oktil Posfin Oksida (TOPO). Pengotor yang paling banyak terkandung dalam konsentrat thorium oksalat adalah cerium (Ce) dan lantanum (La). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memurnikan thorium (Th) dengan memisahkan Ce dan La dengan cara ekstraksi. Ekstraksi dilakukan secara batch dan bertingkat. Larutan umpan atau fase air adalah 10 gram konsentrat Th oksalat yang dilarutkan dalam 10,08 M HNO3 sehingga volume menjadi 100 mL dan fase organik adalah TOPO dalam kerosen. Stripping setiap tingkat ekstraksi dilakukan tiga kali, yaitu stripping pertama memakai air, stripping kedua memakai asam oksalat 5%, dan stripping ketiga memakai air. Waktu ekstraksi setiap tingkat 15 menit dan waktu stripping setiap tingkat 5 menit dengan perbandingan fase air dengan fase organik adalah 1 berbanding 1. Parameter yang diteliti adalah persentase TOPO dalam kerosen dan jumlah tingkat ekstraksi. Pemakaian TOPO dalam kerosen yang optimum 5% dan jumah tingkat ekstraksi 3. Pada ekstraksi I diperoleh konsentrat Ce dan pada tingkat ekstraksi II dan III diperoleh Th. Efisiensi ekstraksi Th tingkat II sebesar 39,76% dan efisiensi ekstraksi Th tingkat III 26,33%. Koefisien distribusi (Kd) Th tingkat ekstraksi II adalah 0,7587 dan Kd Th tingkat ekstraksi III 1,0096. Efisiensi ekstraksi Th total adalah 80,08 %, efisiensi ekstraksi Ce total 56,12%, efisiensi ekstraksi La total 1,54. Faktor pisah (FP) Th – Ce pada ekstraksi I adalah 1,00, FP Th – La pada ekstraksi I 92,07, FP Th – Ce pada ekstraksi II adalah 250,24 dan FP Th – La pada ekstraksi II adalah ∞, FP Th – Ce pada ekstraksi III 124,22 dan FP Th – La pada ekstraksi III adalah ∞. Faktor pisah total Th – Ce sebesar 1,4270 dan Faktor pisah total Th – La 47,0459. Kadar Th oksalat pada ekstraksi II sebesar 97,06%, kadar Th oksalat pada ekstraksi III 98,00 %. The extraction of thorium oxalate concentrate as processing product of monazite using Tri Octyl Posfine Oxide (TOPO) has been done. The most impurities contained in thorium oxalate concentrate are Ce (cerium) and La (lanthanum). The purpose of this study is to purify Th by separating Ce and La using extraction process. The extraction is done by bacth and multistage. The solution of feed or water phase is 10 grams of Th oxalate concentrate dissolved in 10.08 M HNO3 so that the volume becomes 100 mL and the organic phase is TOPO in kerosene. Stripping in each stage conducted three times, first stripping use water, second stripping use 5 % oxalic acid and the third stripping use water. Extraction time at every stage is 15 minutes and stripping time at every stage is 5 minutes with ratio of aqueous phase to organic phase = 1 : 1 . The parameters were studied % TOPO - kerosene and number of extraction stage. The optimum usage of TOPO in kerosene is 5 %. On extraction I obtained Ce concentrate and on extraction II and III obtained Th concentrates. The extraction II efficiency of Th is 39.76 % and extraction III efficiency of Th is 26.33 % . Coefficient of distribution (Kd) of Th in stage II is 0.7587 and Kd of Th in stage III is 1.0096. Total extraction efficiency of Th is 80.08 %, total extraction efficiency of Ce is 56.12 %, and total extraction efficiency of La is 1.54 %. The separation factor of Th – Ce in extraction I is 1.00 and separation factor of Th – La in extraction I is 92.0, separation factor of Th – Ce in extraction II is 250.24, and separation factor of Th – La in extraction II is ∞. Separation factor of Th – Ce in extraction III is 124.22 and separation factor of Th – La in extraction III is ∞. Total separation factor of Th – Ce is 1.4270 and total separation factor of Th – La is 4.0459. The content of Th oxalate in stripping product from the extraction II is 97.06 % and in stripping product from the extraction III is 98.00%.

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Pemisahan Itrium dengan Cara Ekstraksi Menggunakan Solven TOPO

EKSPLORIUM ◽

10.17146/eksplorium.2018.39.2.4419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

Tri Handini ◽

I Made Sukarna ◽

Anisa Dwi Yuniyanti

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Distribution Coefficient ◽

Separation Factor ◽

Extraction Efficiency ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Extractant Concentration ◽

Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽

Oxide Concentration ◽

Stirring Time

ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan proses pemisahan itrium dengan cara ekstraksi menggunakan solven TOPO. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi optimum pengaruh variasi konsentrasi ekstraktan, waktu pengadukan, dan keasaman umpan logam tanah jarang serta mengetahui koefisien distribusi (Kd), faktor pisah (FP), dan efisiensi ekstraksi (%), dengan metode ekstraksi cair-cair. Umpan yang digunakan adalah logam tanah jarang dari pasir senotim. Ekstraktan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah TOPO (tri-n-oktilfosfina oksida). Kadar itrium (Y), disprosium (Dy), dan gadolinium (Gd) ditentukan menggunakan spektrometer pendar sinar-X. Kondisi optimum yang diperoleh dari penelitian proses ekstraksi ini meliputi: konsentrasi ekstraktan 20% TOPO dalam kerosin, waktu pengadukan 15 menit, keasaman umpan 0,5 M. Nilai koefisien distribusi yang diperoleh Y = 5,61; Dy = 2,06; Gd = 0,99. Efisiensi ekstraksi Y = 85,13%, Dy = 67,80%, Gd = 50,17% sedangkan faktor pisah Y-Dy = 2,7186 dan Y-Gd = 5,6861. ABSTRACT Separation process of yttrium by extraction using TOPO solvents has been done. The purpose of this study is to find out the optimum condition of the variation effect of extractant concentration, stirring time, and acidity of the rare earth feed and to determine the distribution coefficient, separation factor, and extraction efficiency (%), using the liquid-liquid extraction method. The feed used were rare earth elements of xenotime sand. The extractant used in the research were TOPO (tri-n-octylphosphine oxide). Concentration of yttrium (Y), disprosium (Dy), and gadolinium (Gd) were determined using X-ray fluorescene spectrometer. Optimum conditions of the extraction process obtained from this study were: TOPO extractant concentration in kerosene 20%, stirring time 15 minutes, acidity of feed 0.5 M. Obtained value of distribution coefficient Y = 5.61; Dy = 2.06; Gd = 0.99. For extraction efficiency Y = 85.13%, Dy = 67.80%, Gd = 50.17% whereas separation factor Y-Dy = 2.7186 and Y-Gd = 5.6861.

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Tantalum and Niobium Selective Extraction by Alkyl-Acetophenone

10.20944/preprints201807.0599.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Moussa Toure ◽

Guilhem Arrachart ◽

Jean Duhamet ◽

Stephane Pellet-Rostaing

Keyword(s):

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Aqueous Phase ◽

Organic Phase ◽

Extraction Efficiency ◽

Selective Extraction ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Waste Solution ◽

Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽

Kd Values

A study has been carried out on Ta and Nb recovery by liquid-liquid extraction process using 4-methylacetophenone (4-MAcPh) as organic phase. The 4-MAcPh was compared to methylisobutylketone (MIBK) with respect to extraction efficiencies (kD values) at different concentrations of H2SO4 in the aqueous phase. The results showed a similar extraction of Nb for both solvents. However, for Ta extraction efficiency is increased by a factor of 1.3 for 4-MAcPh. In addition, the MIBK solubilized completely after 6 mol L-1 of H2SO4 against only a loss of 0.14 to 4% for 4-MAcPh between 6 and 9 mol L-1 of H2SO4. The potential of 4-MAcPh has also been studied to selectively recover Ta from a model capacitor waste solution. The results showed a selectivity for Ta in the presence of impurities such as Fe, Ni, Mn. The 4-MAcPh also presents the advantage of having physicochemical properties adapted to its use in liquid-liquid extraction technologies such as mixer-settlers.

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Biphasic Enantioselective Partitioning of R,S-Omeprazole Enantiomers Using Chiral Extraction

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.2334 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1030-1032 ◽

pp. 2334-2339

Author(s):

Yan Liang Li ◽

Zhong Zhen Liu ◽

Yu Fen Huang ◽

Lan Wei ◽

Lian Xi Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tartaric Acid ◽

Organic Phase ◽

Separation Factor ◽

Extraction Efficiency ◽

Distribution Coefficients ◽

Variable Parameters ◽

Chiral Selectors ◽

Tartaric Acid Derivatives ◽

Hexyl Ester ◽

Chiral Extraction

Enantioselective partitioning of racemic omeprazole enantiomers was studied using a biphasic recognition chiral extraction system. Hydrophilic hydroxypropyl-ڂ-cyclodextrin in aqueous phase and hydrophobic D-tartaric acid hexyl ester in organic phase as chiral selectors which preferentially recognize (R)-omeprazole enantiomer and (S)-omeprazole enantiomer, respectively. Different experimental variable parameters could affect the chiral extraction efficiency. The largest distribution coefficientskS,kRand separation factorځwere obtained at concentrations o f 0.1 mol/L HP-ڂ-CD and 0.2 mol/L D-tartaric acid hexyl ester, which were 47.38, 58.65 and 1.24, respectively.kRis always larger thankSwhen using different kinds of tartaric acid derivatives as chiral selectors in organic phase. The present study also reveal the mechanism of biphasic recognition chiral extraction forR,S-omeprazole enantiomers.

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Ekstraksi Pemisahan Neodimium dari Samarium, Itrium dan Praseodimium Memakai Tri Butil Fosfat

EKSPLORIUM ◽

10.17146/eksplorium.2017.38.1.3035 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 19 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria Veronica Purwani ◽

Suyanti Suyanti

Keyword(s):

Optimum Condition ◽

Aqueous Phase ◽

Organic Phase ◽

Separation Factor ◽

Extraction Efficiency ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Feed Concentration ◽

Optimization Of Separation

ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan ekstraksi konsentrat Nd(OH)3 (neodimium hidroksida) yang mengandung Y(itrium), Sm (samarium) dan Pr (praseodimium) hasil olah pasir monasit. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk pemisahan Nd dari Y, Pr dan Sm dalam konsentrat Nd. Sebagai fasa air adalah konsentrat Nd(OH)3 dalam HNO3 dan ekstraktan atau fasa organik adalah Tri Butil Fosfat (TBP) dalam kerosen. Parameter yang diteliti adalah pH umpan, konsentrasi umpan, konsentrasi TBP dalam kerosen, waktu pengadukan dan kecepatan pengadukan. Dari hasil penelitian optimasi proses ekstraksi pemisahan neodimium dari samarium, itrium dan presedimium dalam konsentrat Nd(OH)3 hasil olah pasir monasit dengan ekstraktan TBP, diperoleh kondisi optimum sebagai berikut: pH umpan = 0,2; konsentrasi umpan 100 gram/L, konsentrasi TBP dalam kerosen 5 %, waktu pengadukan 15 menit, kecepatan pengadukan 150 rpm. Pada kondisi ini diperoleh FP (faktor pisah) Nd-Y, FP Nd-Pr, FP Nd-Sm masing-masing sebesar 2,242; 4,811; 4,002 dan angka banding distribusi (D) Nd = 0,236 dengan efisiensi ekstraksi Nd = 19,07%. ABSTRACTThe extraction of Nd(OH)3 (neodymium hydroxide) concentrate containing Y (yttrium), Sm (samarium) and Pr (praseodymium) as product of monazite processed has been done. The purpose of this study is to determine the separation of Nd from Y, Pr and Nd Sm in Nd concentrate. The aqueous phase was concentrated Nd (OH)3 in HNO3 and extractant while organic phase was Tri Butyl Phosphate (TBP) in kerosene. Parameters studied were pH and concentration feed, concentration of TBP in kerosene, extraction time and stirring speed. The result showed that the optimization of separation extraction neodymium from samarium, yttrium and praseodymium in Nd(OH)3 concentrated with TBP, obtained the optimum condition of pH = 0.2, concentration of feed 100 g /L, concentration of TBP in kerosene 5%, extraction time 15 minutes and stirring speed 150 rpm. With the conditions, Separation Factor (SF) obtained for Nd-Y, Nd-Pr, Nd-Sm are 2.242, 4.811, 4.002 respectively, while D and extraction efficiency of Nd are 0.236 and 19.07%.

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Study on the Effect and Mechanism of Impurity Aluminum on the Solvent Extraction of Rare Earth Elements (Nd, Pr, La) by P204-P350 in Chloride Solution

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11010061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Wenjie Zhang ◽

Xian Xie ◽

Xiong Tong ◽

Yunpeng Du ◽

Qiang Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Solvent Extraction ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Organic Phase ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Separation And Purification ◽

Aluminum Ion ◽

Hydrochloric Acid Medium ◽

Impurity Ion

Solvent extraction is the most widely used method for separation and purification of rare earth elements, and organic extractants such as di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (P204) and di(1-methyl-heptyl) methyl phosphonate (P350) are most commonly used for industrial applications. However, the presence of impurity ions in the feed liquid during extraction can easily emulsify the extractant and affect the quality of rare earth products. Aluminum ion is the most common impurity ion in the feed liquid, and it is an important cause of emulsification of the extractant. In this study, the influence of aluminum ion was investigated on the extraction of light rare earth elements by the P204-P350 system in hydrochloric acid medium. The results show that Al3+ competes with light rare earths in the extraction process, reducing the overall extraction rate. In addition, the Al3+ stripping rate is low and there is continuous accumulation of Al3+ in the organic phase during the stripping process, affecting the extraction efficiency and even causing emulsification. The slope method and infrared detection were utilized to explore the formation of an extraction compound of Al3+ and the extractant P204-P350 that entered the organic phase as AlCl[(HA)2]2P350(o).

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Application of a cashew-based oxime in extracting Ni, Mn and Co from aqueous solution

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture ◽

10.1186/s40538-021-00236-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chi M. Phan ◽

Son A. Hoang ◽

Son H. Vu ◽

Hoang M. Nguyen ◽

Cuong V. Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Phase ◽

Extraction Efficiency ◽

Acidic Solution ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Metal Extraction ◽

Economic Potential ◽

Cashew Nut ◽

Valuable Metals ◽

Loaded Organic Phase ◽

Cashew Nut Shell

Abstract Background Cashew nut shell is a by-product of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) production, which is abundant in many developing countries. Cashew nut shell liquor (CNSL) contains a functional chemical, cardanol, which can be converted into a hydroxyoxime. The hydroxyoximes are expensive reagents for metal extraction. Methods CNSL-based oxime was synthesized and used to extract Ni, Co, and Mn from aqueous solutions. The extraction potential was compared against a commercial extractant (LIX 860N). Results All metals were successfully extracted with pH0.5 between 4 and 6. The loaded organic phase was subsequently stripped with an acidic solution. The extraction efficiency and pH0.5 of the CNSL-based extractant were similar to a commercial phenol-oxime extractant. The metals were stripped from the loaded organic phase with a recovery rate of 95% at a pH of 1. Conclusions Cashew-based cardanol can be used to economically produce an oxime in a simple process. The naturally-based oxime has the economic potential to sustainably recover valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries. Graphic abstract

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Microwave Assisted Multi-Stage Countercurrent Extraction of Dihydromyricetin from Ampelopsis grossedentataa

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.2202/1556-3758.2137 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wei Li ◽

Cheng Zheng ◽

Jian Zhao ◽

Zhengxiang Ning

Keyword(s):

Extraction Efficiency ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Countercurrent Extraction ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Extraction Solvent ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Multi Stage ◽

The Matrix ◽

Substantial Concentration

A novel microwave assisted multi-stage countercurrent extraction (MAMCE) technique was developed for the extraction of dihydromyricetin from Chinese rattan tea, Ampelopsis grossedentata. The technique combined the advantages of microwave heating and dynamic multi-stage countercurrent extraction and achieved marked improvement in extraction efficiency over microwave assisted batch extraction. Analysis of dihydromyricetin concentrations in the solvent and matrix throughout the extraction process showed that by dividing the extraction into multiple stages and exchanging of solvents between stages, steady and substantial concentration gradients were established between the matrix and solvent, thus enabling the achievement of high extraction efficiency. The yield of dihydromyricetin was significantly affected by temperature, pH, solvent/material ratio and extraction time, and optimal extraction conditions were found to be 80-100°C, at acidic pH with a solvent/material ratio of 25-30 to 1 and extraction time of 5-10 min. With the high extraction efficiency and low usage of extraction solvent, MAMCE could prove to be a promising extraction technique which can be applied to the extraction of dihydromyricentin and other bioactive substances from natural materials.

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Tantalum and Niobium Selective Extraction by Alkyl-Acetophenone

Metals ◽

10.3390/met8090654 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 654 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Moussa Toure ◽

Guilhem Arrachart ◽

Jean Duhamet ◽

Stephane Pellet-Rostaing

Keyword(s):

Extraction Efficiency ◽

Methyl Isobutyl Ketone ◽

Selective Extraction ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Methyl Isobutyl ◽

Isobutyl Ketone ◽

Waste Solution ◽

Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽

D Values

A study has been carried out on Ta and Nb recovery by a liquid-liquid extraction process using 4-methylacetophenone (4-MAcPh) as the organic phase. The 4-MAcPh was compared to methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) with respect to extraction efficiencies (D values) at different concentrations of H2SO4 in the aqueous phase. The results showed a similar extraction of Nb for both solvents. However, for Ta, extraction efficiency is increased by a factor of 1.3 for 4-MAcPh. In addition, the MIBK solubilized completely after 6 mol∙L−1 of H2SO4 against only a loss of 0.14–4% for 4-MAcPh between 6 and 9 mol∙L−1 of H2SO4. The potential of 4-MAcPh has also been studied to selectively recover Ta from a model capacitor waste solution. The results showed a selectivity for Ta in the presence of impurities such as Ag, Fe, Ni and Mn. The 4-MAcPh also presents the advantage of having physicochemical properties adapted to its use in liquid-liquid extraction technologies such as mixer-settlers.

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Cobalt Ion Extraction from Wastewater by P204 Microemulsion Saponified

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.496.407 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 496 ◽

pp. 407-410

Author(s):

Du Shu Huang ◽

Jin Gang Yu ◽

Rui Min Xiao ◽

Zi Jing Li ◽

Li Da Sun

Keyword(s):

Organic Phase ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Microemulsion System ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Extraction Coefficient ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Ion Extraction ◽

Initial Ph ◽

Cobalt And Nickel

The extraction process of cobalt using microemulsion system saponified with P204 as extracting agent was studied. The influence of initial concentration, the concentration of P204, initial pH, the extracting time and the concentration of cobalt and nickel on extraction coefficient were also studied. Experimental results show that the saponification microemulsion system using P204 as extractant is thermodynamic stable, and it can separate cobalt better. The optimum conditions were achieved as: the initial concentration is 0.05 mol/L, pH is 2; The concentration of P204 is 10%, extraction time is 10 min; The volume ratio of organic phase to water phase is 2:1.

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A Novel Green Extraction Technique for Extracting Flavonoids from Folium nelumbinis by Changing Osmosis Pressure

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13184192 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 4192

Author(s):

Hai-Yan Fang ◽

Ying-Qin Wei ◽

Meng-Li Zhang ◽

Wei Liu

Keyword(s):

Extraction Efficiency ◽

Chemical Potential ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Technique ◽

Salting Out ◽

Digital Microscope ◽

Main Factor

A new green and sustainable extraction technique, namely osmosis extraction (OE), was developed for efficient extracting flavonoids from Folium nelumbinis by changing the osmotic pressure. The antioxidant activities of the extracted flavonoids were also evaluated. Ethanol and ammonium sulfate were selected for the OE system because they are environmentally friendly. The maximum flavonoids concentration in the top phase was obtained with an ethanol volume fraction of 42.0% and the salt mass of 1.9 g. The kinetic behavior of the extraction process showed that OE had higher efficiencies especially coupled with ultrasonication due to the accompanying and serious morphological changes of Folium nelumbinis cells observed by digital microscope and nano-computed tomography (nano-CT). Results of morphological and anatomical features showed that the higher intracellular chemical potential made the cell expand and even led to bursting. The results also showed that the extraction efficiency of flavonoids with high antioxidant activities was higher than that of the traditional method. The interface effect enhanced the extraction during the salting-out extraction and osmosis was the main factor that improved the extraction efficiency.

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