scholarly journals A.A. Khanzhonkov as a Pioneer of the National Film Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-120
Author(s):  
Alexander Bessolitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Film Industry ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
The People ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Russian Film ◽  
Life Path ◽  
Film Market

The article provides an analysis on the activity of the first shareholding company in the Russian film industry. The analysis is based on archival documents from the Russian State Archive and the State Achieve of the Republic of Crimea, as well as on published sources, available literature and Khanzhonkov’s own memoirs. The main focus of the text is on managing mechanism of the shareholding company, special attention is paid to the key directions and peculiarities of its activity in the film market of the early 20th century. It was revealed that the production process of documentary and educational films released by the film factory was rather innovative. The research defined the main stakeholders and equity holders, besides it described the life path of the founder of the Shareholding Company at different stages of his life including the Soviet period. One of the conclusions made in the research was the equity-mutual type of the Shareholding Company, when shares were issued and distributed only among the people closest to the equity holders, their relatives and family members and were not presented to the market for general public. This approach provided the management body with complete control over the enterprise, but at the same time the approach limited its development since there were no external investments. As the Board Chairman and Managing Director A. Khanzhonkov sought alternative opportunities to win the national film market without attracting additional outside sources of funding. The key condition for implementing the chosen strategy was the search for opportunities to improve the quality of released film products.

scholarly journals А. Khanzhonkov and Co Joint-Stock Company and its competitors in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 780-842
Author(s):  
Aleksandr A. Bessolitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Film Industry ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Central State ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Russian Film ◽  
Film Market

The article is based on the archival files of joint-stock companies in the film industry, stored in the fonds of the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA), the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (RGALI), and the Central State Historical Archive of St Petersburg (TsGIA SPb) as well as statistics digests Joint-Stock Companies of Russia (1912–1917) and scientific literature and focuses on the analysis of the activities of A. Khanzhonkov and Co Joint-Stock Company and its competitors in the film industry at the beginning of the twentieth century. A. Khanzhonkov’s joint-stock company, which gradually developed from a small trade and commission business that supplied the Russian market with films and equipment produced mainly by European, became a leader in the Russian pre-revolutionary film market. The company steadily made a profit, increased its fixed and reserve capital, and also paid dividends to shareholders annually. The author came to the conclusion that it is A. Khanzhonkov and Co Joint-Stock Company that was most successful and effective in the field of production and distribution of films among Russian film companies firms and was a real competitor to the branches of leading foreign companies in Russian film business, such as Gaumont and Pathé Brothers. However, the company was unable to fully exploit the opportunities which emerged after the outbreak of the First World War due to the withdrawal of a number of branches of leading foreign companies from the film market. By keeping his firm in the form of a joint-stock company, A. Khanzhonkov actually hindered its development himself by not issuing shares for free sale on the stock exchange. Therefore, the company constantly suffered a lack of investment. This was especially evident after the February Revolution of 1917, when new companies entered the film business, which significantly increased competition in the film market. The attempt to transfer the company’s activities to the Crimea in connection with the construction of a new Yalta film studio was not successful, primarily due to the deterioration of the overall political and economic situation in the country.

scholarly journals The History of the Aginsk Steppe Duma in the Documents from the State Archive of the Republic of Buryatiya (1839-1904) Has Been Published

2020 ◽  
pp. 950-959
Author(s):  
Victor N. Kazarin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Information Value ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
East Russia ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The 19Th Century

The review of an anthology on the history of the Aginsk Steppe Duma published by drs. B.V. Bazarov, B.T. Zhalsanova, L.V.Kuras notes that hundreds the new archival documents offer a holistic view on the governmental politics concerning one of large ingenious peoples of East Russia. The composers have identified and presented documents reflecting various aspects of local self-government of the Aginsk Duma created on the basis of M.M. Speransky’s Statute on the Inorodtsy of 1822. The review contains a brief characteristic of the archival documents corpus systematized in volumes and argues their information value. The documents contain data on the officials of the Duma, personnel structure in dynamics from its foundation to its termination. The edition offers an array of documents on tax policy pertaining to indigenous population, public censures, correspondence on administrative and land disputes at the turn of the 19th century. Authors-composers have published family lists of the Aginsk buryats. The review underscores the information value of the commentary included in all volumes of the edition, the nominal indexes numbering hundreds of surnames. The illustrative component of this three-volume edition is also emphasized: there are rare photos of officials of the Aginsk department, meetings of tsesarevitch Nikolai Aleksandrovich in Transbaikalia in 1892, deputy of the State Duma, descendants of families from the Transbaikal steppes in the Soviet period. The review emphasizes the importance of such edition for studying governmental policies concerning ingenious peoples, balance of government and local self- government, social and economic and cultural development of East regions in the Imperial period. Materials of the three-volume edition open numerous unpublished documents to researchers. The review notes its value for historians, local historians, archivists, museums employees, and those researching their family tree.

scholarly journals 1992-2012. Attempts at Privatization of Film Studios

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
Olga Petrovna Ziborova
Keyword(s):  
Film Industry ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Soviet Film ◽  
Film Studios ◽  
Russian Film ◽  
Post Soviet Period

The article deals with the changes taking place in the property sphere of Russian film industry under the influence of economical and political factors, namely the transformations that the major Soviet film studios had gone through in the post-Soviet period.

scholarly journals ЗАРУБЕЖНОЕ ИСЛАМСКОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ КАК ФАКТОР РАДИКАЛИЗАЦИИ ИСЛАМСКОГО СОЗНАНИЯ МУСУЛЬМАН РОССИИ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ДАГЕСТАН)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-434
Author(s):  
Zaid M. Abdulagatov
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Islamic Tradition ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Foreign Education ◽  
Islamic Faith

The problems of religious extremism and terrorism in the regions of Russia have their own internal and external factors. A large number of Russian politicians, secular scientists, and Islamic leaders consider foreign Islamic education to be one of the most significant external factors in the radicalization of Islamic consciousness in Russia. In Russian public consciousness there is an opposite point of view.  The text sets a goal to identify the nature of the influence of foreign Islamic education on the religious consciousness of Russian Muslims in the context of Islamic faith traditions in the Republic of Dagestan (RD). In particular, the task is to find out how justified the conclusion that foreign Islamic education forms a radical Islamic consciousness among Russian Muslims. The research methodology is mainly based on a sociological survey among Dagestan Muslims who studied in foreign Islamic educational institutions, from individuals. In addition, historical information about the influence of foreign Islamic education on religious behavior in the pre-Soviet period of Russian history was used. In the article, the author showed that foreign education was a problem for the Russian state in the pre-Soviet period of its history: North Caucasian Muslims returned from abroad with thoughts "dangerous for Russian statehood." Based on the data of a sociological survey of Muslims of Dagestan who studied abroad in the XXI century, it was revealed that about a third of them returned to their homeland with a Salafi confessional consciousness. This is an extremeness of consciousness, which contradicts the Sufi Islamic tradition prevailing in the republic, and in the future is capable of protesting radically Salafi activity in the region. The author comes to the conclusion that in the current situation it is desirable to promote “trustworthy” foreign educational centers, to actively work to organize the sending of Russian Muslims to these centers, to conduct democratic, within the framework of the law, control of people traveling independently.

scholarly journals The Fate of Educators in the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic During the Struggle Against “Bourgeois Nationalism” (1937-1938)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-118
Author(s):  
Rustam Z. Almaev
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Public School Teachers ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The People ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Regional Leaders

This article discusses the political repressions of 1937-1938 in the fi eld of public education, with the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic as its case study. The author assembles new archival documents, mass media materials and memoirs of contemporaries to illuminate the regional specifi cs of repression in the broader context of the Stalinist era. Particular attention is paid to how “enemies of the people” were identifi ed. The author argues that the Bashkir Regional Party Committee, the media, and the party committees of educational institutions, as well as the organs of the NKVD worked in unison to expose “hostile elements” and Trotskyists among directors of educational institutions, specialists in higher education, and public school teachers. The media, as well as the decisions of closed party meetings, were imbued with the spirit of ideological intolerance; they provided the moral and ideological justifi cation for the arrests. This article traces a trend that was characteristic of national autonomous republics in general: the persecution of regional leaders and members of the national intelligentsia on charges of “local bourgeois nationalism.” The author also examines how purges in the party, state and educational bodies of the republic targeted “nationalists” directly or indirectly associated with “national and local deviationists” of the revolutionary years. The article also discusses the fate of Bashkortostan’s People’s Commissars of Education who were subjected to repression. Reconstructing the complex social and political situation in the educational sphere of the BASSR allows us to draw important conclusions, and better understand contemporary social and political processes.

scholarly journals HIGHER AGRARIAN SCHOOL OF UKRAINIAN EMIGRATION (1922–1935)

2018 ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Utkin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Publishing Industry ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
The People ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

In the article on the basis of factual material, archival documents it is analysed the history of foundation and work of the Ukrainian Agricultural Academy (here in after referred to as the UHA) in Czechoslovakia (1922–1935) as a polytechnic-type higher education institution, functioning on the traditions of Ukrainian free science, culture and patriotism. The importance of the topic is due to the inadequate study of the history of the Ukrainian emigration in the Western countries, the activities of its scientifi c, educational, cultural and other institutions, their role in preserving Ukrainian, national and cultural values, which became the basis for the further development of science, education and culture for Ukrainians abroad. The subject of our research is the Higher Agricultural School of the Ukrainian emigration in Czechoslovakia. The methodological base of research are historical and comparative, typological, genetic, systematic methods used for a comprehensive study. The Academy has made a signifi cant contribution to the intellectual development of person, national and cultural values of the united Ukraine. Achievements of the Academy in the personnel training, research and publishing industry refl ect the ideas of Ukrainian scholars at knowledge as a factor of socio-economic growth of the welfare of the people and deepening the infl uence on the establishment of national consciousness, the struggle of Ukrainians for independence. Scientists of the Academy collaborated with international organizations, participated in the work of international scientifi c forums, were recognized by the world scientifi c community, which indicates the maturity of an emigrant private high school. For the history of Ukraine it is very important the comprehensive analysis of the functioning of Ukrainian educational and scientifi c structures, such as the Ukrainian Agricultural Academy in the Podebrady (Czechoslovakia), which during 1922–1935, actively trained highly educated personnel in agro-forestry, economically-cooperative and engineering faculties. It students wanted to learn successfully accumulated human knowledge of their specialties, distribute them, and if necessary to work in Ukraine combining science and production, to raise the economy of the republic to the level of advanced Western countries.

scholarly journals The Problem of collectivization in Right-Bank Moldova in the Soviet historiography

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
Elena Nikolaevna Kananerova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Ideological Attitudes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soviet Historiography

The object of this research is the Soviet historical paradigm in its development. The subject is the achievements of Soviet historians in studying postwar collectivization in Right-bank Moldova. The author dwells on the impact of objective and subjective factors upon the course of historical science during the Soviet period. The article traces the evolution of topics and assessments given in the articles, monographs and collective summary works dedicated to the history of the republic. The novelty of this study is consists in the analysis of the works of Soviet historians from the perspective of modern historical paradigm, which was founded by the scientific school of V. P. Danilov. Examination of the Soviet historiography of collectivization in Right-Bank Moldova allows making the following conclusions: 1) the key problem of Soviet historians consisted in the limited access to archival documents; 2) the agrarian historiography of the problem is often subjective and interprets the information from available archival documents and various statistical records through the prism of generally accepted Soviet ideological attitudes; 3) same as in studying collectivization of the 1920s – 1930s, the topics associated with the violations during collectivization and “dekulakization” remained under the ideological ban; 4) the specificity of historiography of collectivization in Right-Bank Moldova was the significant attention of historians to this problem in the late 1960s – 1970s, which the author believes is associated with L. I. Brezhnev, who was the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the 1951 –1952 and the conventional methods for organizing the collective farms in the republic.

scholarly journals Implementation of Repression Policy in Kirghiz SSR in 1937—1938

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 307-324
Author(s):  
B. D. Abdrakhmanov ◽  
Z. A. Altymyshova
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
State Committee ◽  
The State ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

The issue of the implementation of repressions against the “Trotskyists”, “Zinovievites”, “Rightists” and other “enemies of the people” living in the Kirghiz SSR in 1937—1938 is examined in the article. Both objective and subjective prerequisites for the punitive activities of the security agencies in the first years of Soviet power are considered. The relevance of the study is due to the interest of scientists and the public in the period of Stalinist repressions, the assessment of these events. The study was carried out on the basis of materials from the archives of the State Committee for National Security. The novelty of the research is due to the fact that these documents are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. In addition, statistics are provided on some categories of repressed in the republic, which are also published for the first time. A rethinking and political assessment of the events of this difficult period is proposed. The repressive activities against the so-called “enemies of the people” in the political aspect are analyzed, since the special services were an instrument of the ruling party and obeyed. The role and place of the security agencies, the mechanism for implementing repressions and illegal methods of conducting investigations based on archival documents of the State Committee for National Security of the Kyrgyz Republic are shown.

Тюркские топонимы в языке писем калмыцкого хана Аюки (конец XVII – начало XVIII вв.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-140
Author(s):  
Darya B. Gedeeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Literature Information ◽  
Language Functioning ◽  
Russian State ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Geographical Maps ◽  
Linguistic Material

Currently a number of studies on Kalmyk toponymy have been carried out, materials for which were geographical maps, historical and fictional literature, information from informants. However, until now, no attempt has been made to study toponyms based on materials from archival documents of the 17th – 19th centuries (the period of the old-written Kalmyk language functioning). Archival documents, which have the exact date of compilation, provide valuable linguistic material for the study of Kalmyk place names in diachrony, allow studying the process of phonetic adaptation of foreign language toponyms in the Kalmyk language. Old texts contain not only names familiar to the modern generation, but also forgotten, unknown Kalmyk toponyms, which will complement the range of the studied material. The purpose of this article is to identify place names in the letters of Ayuki Khan and their historical and linguistic analysis. This article is based on the letters of Ayuki Khan, one of the most famous rulers of the Kalmyk Khanate, written in the period from 1685 to 1724 to representatives of the Russian administration. The letters are kept in the funds of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts and the National Archives of the Republic of Kalmykia.

scholarly journals Broadkast of the film’s box office

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Irina G. Knyazeva ◽  
Daria M. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Film Industry ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chinese Film ◽  
Box Office ◽  
The World ◽  
Russian Film ◽  
Film Market ◽  
Market Volume

The film industry is a relatively young, but at the same time, promising and continuously growing branch of the world economy with a market volume of more than 100 billion US dollars. Russia is also an active participant in the global film industry. This is due to both the growth of film production and the growth of consumption of products of the world film industry. The possibility of obtaining high returns, which is accompanied by high risks, makes market participants, from producers to potential investors, to look for any ways to reduce the risks of investing in this industry. The film as an investment project has its own risks, profitability and other characteristics of any other investment project. That is why it is important to find a way to predict the success of this film project in the form of a forecast of its box office, as the main source of profitability. Because of the globalization process here are also importance of searching any universal tool for predicting the success of box office not only in the country of origin, but also beyond, in the territory of other countries. In this paper, the authors will select a universal tool for forecasting box office of both foreign films and films of domestic production in order to reduce investment risks of investing in the film as an investment project. According to the results of the research, the selected tool was tested in practice by creating an interface for its application in Microsoft Exel and then calculating the forecast of box office, finding the forecast error of two projects: the box office of a foreign film co-produced by the United States and Great Britain named "Three billboards on the border of Ebbing, Missouri" in the Russian film market and the film produced by Russian company "Ice" in the Russian and Chinese film markets.

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