scholarly journals Increasing Remuneration for Agricultural Workers in the Irkutsk Region as a Result of Increasing of Agricultural Production Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inna Savchenko ◽  
Nikolay Anikienko ◽  
Sergey Savchenko
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Wage Share ◽  
Irkutsk Region

The provision of regions with local products will be achieved on the basis of increasing labor productivity in agriculture. Financial incentives of workers are of great importance. The article substantiates the need to increase labor productivity in agricultural production. The achieved productivity level of agricultural crops and livestock, as well as labor intensity of production according to product types are considered by the example of agricultural organizations of the Irkutsk region. The level of workers’ wages in agricultural production in the region within 2015–2019 is analyzed. The data on the wage share in the production cost and in the selling price are given. The ways of agricultural production development, such as increasing soil fertility, improving growing crops technology, providing high-performance equipment, improving labor management and remuneration, are considered. On the basis of the proposed measures, it is possible to increase the wage level of agricultural workers.

Calculation of regional agricultural production efficiency and empirical analysis of its influencing factors-based on DEA-CCR model and Tobit model

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Pengfei Zhou ◽  
Siyuan Yang ◽  
Xiaohang Wu ◽  
Yang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Malmquist Index ◽  
Tobit Model ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Agricultural Modernization ◽  
Ccr Model

The improvement of agricultural production efficiency and the transformation of production mode are the core of promoting agricultural modernization. Taking Chongqing as a sample case, this paper uses DEA-CCR Model, Malmquist Index and Tobit Model to calculate and analyze its agricultural production efficiency and its influencing factors, and accurately identifies the problems existing in its agricultural transformation and development. It has an important policy reference value for improving agricultural innovation and competitiveness, promoting the steady development of rural revitalization, and realizing agricultural modernization, which also provides some reference and enlightenment for countries or regions with similar characteristics of mountain agriculture development in the world to enhance regional agricultural production efficiency. Through empirical analysis and investigation, it is found that the overall agricultural production efficiency of Chongqing remains at the productivity level of 0.8 from 2009 to 2018, with an average annual growth rate of 12.8%, but there is a large gap in the level of regional development. Through Malmquist Index decomposition, it is found that agricultural technology progress has the greatest contribution to the improvement of production efficiency. Financial support for agriculture, urbanization level, regional economic development level and highway mileage have a significant positive impact on production efficiency, while the level of farmers’ disposable income has a negative impact on the increase of production efficiency, and the income gap between urban and rural residents fails to pass the significance test.

scholarly journals Assessment of interregional differentiation of labor productivity in the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
A. V. Prasniakova ◽  
M. B. Petrov ◽  
S. N. Smirnykh ◽  
E. V. Potaptseva ◽  
V. A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
International Comparisons ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Interregional Differentiation ◽  
Regional Product ◽  
High Level

The article is devoted to the study of interregional differentiation of labor productivity. International comparisons of the level of labor productivity per one employed in the economy have been carried out. Distinctive criteria for determining and statistical accounting of high-performance workplaces in Belarus and Russia have been identified. A methodological approach to assessing the conformity of available workplaces to a high-productivity level in the regions in the medium and high-tech sector of Belarus is proposed. The regions of Belarus with a lower level of labor productivity in comparison with the national average are identified. A positive relationship between the availability of high-performance workplaces and gross regional product is confirmed. The industry distribution of high-performance workplaces in Russia is presented. A high level of interregional differentiation of labor productivity in Russia compared with Belarus was identified. Comprehensive measures have been worked out to stimulate the growth of labor productivity and the creation of high-performance workplaces in the regions of Belarus and Russia.

European and Ukrainian experience in financial support to farming activities through fiscal instruments

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1040-1063
Author(s):  
E.A. Nepochatenko ◽  
E.T. Prokopchuk ◽  
B.S. Guzar
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Financial Regulation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Tax Regimes

Subject. The article considers financial regulation through the use of tax mechanisms. Objectives. The aim of the study is to evaluate European and Ukrainian practices of fiscal incentives for farming through fiscal instruments with VAT playing the key role. Methods. In the study we employed economic and statistical research methods, like monographic, comparison, scientific generalization. Results. Based on the analysis of VAT implementation on farmers in developed countries in Europe we substantiated the conclusion about its focus on simplifying the tax procedures and eliminating the negative impact on operations of economic entities. Special tax treatment (including VAT collection) is mainly used to streamline tax relations, taking into account the specifics of farming, rather than to improve the financial support to farms. We revealed that in the Ukrainian practice its main task is financial support to agricultural production. Conclusions and Relevance. The experience of developed European countries on the use of special tax regimes and taxation procedures should serve as a model for Ukraine. Financial incentives for agricultural production development should be directly supported by the State, and special tax treatment and tax administration should be focused on streamlining tax relations in the region, based on the practice of developed European countries such as UK, Germany, Italy and France.

MEDICAL SAVINGS ACCOUNTS AS A TOOL FOR INCREASING DOCTORS ' SALARIES AND MOTIVATING RUSSIAN CITIZENS TO HIGH-PERFORMANCE WORK AND A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
E. V. SOKOLOV ◽  
◽  
E. V. KOSTYRIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Increase Labor Productivity ◽  
Healthcare Financing ◽  
Savings Accounts ◽  
Medical Savings Accounts ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article proves that it is impossible to achieve a significant increase in the salary of medical personnel within the existing system of healthcare financing of the Russian Federation, namely, in accordance with the “may” Decrees of 2012 by V. V. Putin, to bring the salary of doctors to a level twice higher than the average for the region by 2018. It is proved that to achieve the necessary results in terms of increasing doctors’ salaries and motivating citizens to increase labor productivity and a healthy lifestyle, it is necessary to transfer the system of healthcare financing within the framework of obligatory medical insurance to medical savings accounts.

scholarly journals Preparation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Hydrolysate

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Hironaga Akita ◽  
Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Shinji Fujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Glucose Content

Malaysia is the second largest palm oil producer and exporter globally. When crude palm oil is produced in both plantations and oil processing mills, a large amount of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is simultaneously produced as a waste product. Here, we describe the preparation of hydrolysate from OPEFB. After OPEFB was hydrothermally treated at 180–200 °C, the resultant liquid phase was subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, while the solid phase was used for acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis. Hemicellulose yield from the acid-treated solid phase decreased from 153 mg/g-OPEFB to 27.5 mg/g-OPEFB by increasing the hydrothermal treatment temperature from 180 to 200 °C. Glucose yield from the enzyme-treated solid phase obtained after hydrothermal treatment at 200 °C was the highest (234 ± 1.90 mg/g-OPEFB, 61.7% production efficiency). In contrast, xylose, mannose, galactose, and arabinose yields in the hydrolysate prepared from the solid phase hydrothermally treated at 200 °C were the lowest. Thus, we concluded that the optimum temperature for hydrothermal pretreatment was 200 °C, which was caused by the low hemicellulose yield. Based on these results, we have established an effective method for preparing OPEFB hydrolysates with high glucose content.

scholarly journals Barriers to the Digitization of Health Information: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study in Kenya and Lao PDR Using a Cloud-Based Maternal and Child Registration System

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6196
Author(s):  
Tarek Numair ◽  
Daniel Toshio Harrell ◽  
Nguyen Tien Huy ◽  
Futoshi Nishimoto ◽  
Yvonne Muthiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries

Digitalization of health information can assist patient information management and improve health services even in low middle-income countries. We have implemented a mother and child health registration system in the study areas of Kenya and Lao PDR to evaluate barriers to digitalization. We conducted in-depth interviews with 20 healthcare workers (HCWs) who used the system and analyzed it qualitatively with thematic framework analysis. Quantitatively, we analyzed the quality of recorded data according to missing information by the logistic regression analysis. The qualitative analysis identified six themes related to digitalization: satisfaction with the system, mothers’ resistance, need for training, double work, working environment, and other resources. The quantitative analysis showed that data entry errors improved around 10% to 80% based on odds ratios in subsequent quarters compared to first quarter periods. The number of registration numbers was not significantly related to the data quality, but the motivation, including financial incentives among HCWs, was related to the registration behavior. Considering both analysis results, workload and motivation to maintain high performance were significant obstacles to implementing a digital health system. We recommend enhancing the scope and focus on human needs and satisfaction as a significant factor for digital system durability and sustainability.

Protein-energy ratio for forage production efficiency

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н. Зезин ◽  
М. Намятов
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Research Institute

Исследования Уральского НИИСХ и опыт передовых хозяйств Свердловской области показывают, что для повышения эффективности и стабильности кормопроизводства необходимо в структуре кормовых культур увеличивать удельный вес высокобелковых, высокоэнергетических и засухоустойчивых культур, производить подсев многолетних трав ежегодно на площади не менее 60 тыс. га, а в перспективе 7080 тыс. га. За последние 7 лет (20112018 годы) площади люцерны в области увеличились в 2 раза (до 23 тыс. га), кукурузы по зерновой технологии в 2,4 раза (до 20,9 тыс. га) и масличных культур в 3,1 раза (до 30,8 тыс. га). Опыт СПК Килачёвский Ирбитского района показывает, что освоение научно обоснованных биологизированных севооборотов, прошедших изучение в стационарных опытах Уральского НИИСХ, позволяет ежегодно получать высокие и стабильные урожаи всех сельскохозяйственных культур. В этом хозяйстве каждая кормовая культура размещается в своём севообороте. В СПК Килачёвский и ряде других хозяйств Свердловской области большое значение придаётся возделыванию люцерны, кукурузы и масличных культур. Площадь этих культур в расчёте на одну корову мы назвали белковоэнергетическим коэффициентом (БЭК). Анализ показал тесную взаимосвязь между белковоэнергетическим коэффициентом и молочной продуктивностью. Так, в СПК Килачёвский в 2016 году при удое 10196кг БЭК был равен 1,25 в 2017 году удой достиг 10798кг, БЭК 1,43 в 2018 году соответственно 11493 кг и 1,47 при количестве коров 29002977 голов. According to the investigations conducted at the Ural Agricultural Research Institute and experience of the leading farms in the Sverdlovsk region high effectiveness and stability of Forage Production requires wide cultivation of droughtresistant crops rich in protein and energy as well as seeding over 60 thousand ha (in the future 7080 thousand ha) by perennial grasses annually. For the last 7 years (20112018) areas of alfalfa increased by 2 times (up to 23 thousand ha), grain maize by 2.4 times (up to 20.9 thousand ha), oil crops by 3.1 times (up to 30.8 thousand ha). SPK Kilachevskiy (agricultural production cooperative) reported that the use of approved crop rotations tested at the Ural Agricultural Research Institute resulted in annual high and stable yields of all the crops. SPK Kilachevskiy and other farms of the region widely grow alfalfa, maize and oil crops. Land area for the cultivation of these crops per one cow is called proteinenergy coefficient (PEC). Proteinenergy coefficient was shown to have a significant correlation with milk productivity. SPK Kilachevskiy reported that in 2016 PEC and milk yield reached 1.25 and 10196 kg in 2017 1.43 and 10798 kg in 2018 1.47 and 11493 kg, respectively under 29002977 cows.

Exploring the water–energy–food nexus from a perspective of agricultural production efficiency using a three-stage data envelopment analysis modelling evaluation method: a case study of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China

Water Policy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiazhong Zheng ◽  
Weiguang Wang ◽  
Dan Chen ◽  
Xinchun Cao ◽  
Wanqiu Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Agricultural Resources ◽  
Important Challenge

Abstract A coordinated nexus of agricultural resources is vital to achieve food security and sustainable development in China. Comprehensively considering the water–energy–food nexus as well as the external environment, this study adopts a three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) modelling evaluation method to assess the agricultural production efficiency (APE) of seven provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLYR) during 1996–2015. The results show that the three-stage DEA modelling evaluation method reveals real APE and is considered to be a better quantitative method than conventional approaches. A gradually widening range of APE is an important challenge for this region. Significantly, this region generates huge demands for agricultural resources. Moreover, regional emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) decreased from 34.20 million tons standard coal in 1996 to 32.11 million tons standard coal in 2015, though APE has continued to decrease by 2.56% in the past two decades. In general, the management and technology levels should be improved simultaneously, even though specific opportunities for APE improvement vary across provinces in MLYR. However, understanding the temporal and spatial variation of APE along with the WEF nexus from a production-based insight is a vital step toward appropriately targeted policy making for nationwide resources savings and emissions reduction.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of Biomass Energy Utilization through Gasification Technology for Sustainable Energy Production and Economic Development in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gbeminiyi M. Sobamowo ◽  
Sunday J. Ojolo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Gasification Technology

Nigeria has not been able to provide enough electric power to her about 200 million people. The last effort by the federal government to generate 6000 MW power by the end of 2009 failed. Even with the available less than 6000 MW of electricity generated in the country, only about 40% of the population have access to the electricity from the National Grid, out of which, urban centers have more than 80% accessibility while rural areas, which constitute about 70% of the total population, have less than 20% of accessibility to electricity. This paper addresses the possibility of meeting the energy demand in Nigeria through biomass gasification technology. The techno-economic analysis of biomass energy is demonstrated and the advantages of the biomass gasification technology are presented. Following the technical analysis, Nigeria is projected to have total potential of biomass of about 5.5 EJ in 2020 which has been forecast to increase to about 29.8 EJ by 2050. Based on a planned selling price of $0.727/kWh, the net present value of the project was found to be positive, the cost benefit ratio is greater than 1, and the payback period of the project is 10.14 years. These economic indicators established the economic viability of the project at the given cost. However, economic analysis shows a selling price of $0.727/kWh. Therefore, the capital investment cost, operation and maintenance cost, and fuel cost can be reduced through the development of the gasification system using local materials, purposeful and efficient plantation of biomass for the energy generation, giving out of financial incentives by the government to the investors, and locating the power plant very close to the source of feedstock generation.

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