scholarly journals On the Integrated Descriptions of Metaphorical Sememes of Verbs

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Yuhai Peng
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Cognitive Metaphor ◽  
Analysis Pattern ◽  
Verbal Metaphor ◽  
Syntactic Semantics ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Formal Feature

Cognitive metaphor is an important way and mechanism of semantic derivation of verbs, the resulting large number of verbal metaphorical sememes has different expressions in their semantic features, formal syntax, communicative structure and even modality and pragmatics. This paper thoroughly and carefully discusses the problem of semantic change of verbal metaphor in terms of the integrated description method of the Moscow Semantic School. Thus, we will create a unique and innovative framework and theoretical model of generalized formal feature analysis, we will also try to introduce formal semantic description and micro-level semantic interpretation into the analysis system of semantic change of the verbal metaphor. Furthermore, we will describe in detail and characterize a number of changes caused by metaphorical semantic change of Russian verbs from the perspective of multi-dimensional integration. This study breaks down the barriers between semantics, cognition, pragmatics and grammar and the traditional analysis pattern of semantic derivation which contributes to significant broadening of the theoretical semantic vision and deepening of the research of cognitive semantics problems of verbal metaphor. It also helps explore innovative analytical methods and strategies for the study of Russian lexical and syntactic semantics.

Theoretical Approaches to the Functions of Indefinite Pronouns

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Haspelmath
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Mental Spaces ◽  
Logical Semantics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Indefinite Pronouns

This chapter focuses on various theoretical approaches to the semantic and syntactic functions of indefinite pronouns. It begins with a discussion of structuralist semantics, which suggests that language is a system whose parts must be defined and described on the basis of their place in the system and their relation to each other, rather than on the basis of their own intrinsic properties. It then considers some of the problems associated with structuralist semantics, including the unclear status of the semantic features; significant overlap of the functions of grammatical items in many areas, including indefinite pronouns; and structuralist semantics makes wrong predictions about semantic change. The chapter proceeds by analysing logical semantics and the issues raised by this approach, along with syntactic approaches, the theory of mental spaces, pragmatic scales and scale reversal. Finally, it explains the relationship between focusing and sentence accent.

Analysis of semantic features in free-form objects reconstruction

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-63
Author(s):  
Milan Trifunovic ◽  
Milos Stojkovic ◽  
Miroslav Trajanovic ◽  
Miodrag Manic ◽  
Dragan Misic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Geometric Features ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Model ◽  
Bone Implant ◽  
Digital Reconstruction ◽  
The Right ◽  
Object Features ◽  
Geometric Elements

AbstractOne of the biggest challenges associated with design and digital reconstruction of free forms comes from uniqueness and unrepeatability of these shapes. During digital reconstruction of these forms, the designer has to choose the right set of geometric features and then compose them in a way that will enable the most accurate reconstruction of the geometry. While doing this, the designer primarily relies on personal experience gained through work with free-form objects of similar geometry. In our opinion, the analysis of free-form objects geometry should rely upon semantic interpretation of their geometric and other features, and the greatest challenge of automation of digital reconstruction and free-form object design in general is closely related to automation of semantic interpretation of geometric and other free-form object features. In this paper, a case of chest bone implant digital reconstruction is presented, where a new semantic model called the active semantic model was used for modeling the meaning of geometric elements, that is, the semantic features of a free-form object. The active semantic model and its analogy-based reasoning algorithms have shown themselves as applicable for the automation of semantic interpretation of the unique, unrepeatable, and unpredictable forms of chest bone. Moreover, this semantic model showed the potential to help automate selecting and composing of geometric features for efficient digital reconstruction of the geometry of free forms.

scholarly journals The Role of Visual Metaphor in Visual Genres

10.29007/ncq2 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Negro
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Visual Metaphor ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Cognitive Metaphor ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Verbal Metaphor ◽  
Political Cartooning ◽  
News Event

In the last decades metaphor has been a paramount research topic within the Cognitive Metaphor Theory. Although initially linguistic metaphor received most attention, in recent years the research focus has shifted from verbal metaphor to other types of monomodal and multimodal metaphor (Forceville 2009). One research line has been the study of visual metaphor, i.e. metaphor instantiated through image, in specialised language, including political cartooning (e.g. El Refaie 2003), winespeak (e.g. Caballero 2009) and advertising (Forceville 2008). In the present article I examine the evaluative role of visual metaphor in two visual genres – advertising and political cartooning – through a corpus of English, French and Spanish ads and cartoons. It will be argued that while in advertising metaphor enhances the product qualities or presents it as a necessity, thus working as a persuasive tool, in cartooning metaphor shows the author’s critical stance towards a news event.

scholarly journals From the illegal migrant-criminal to the illegal migrant-invader: Critical analysis of the semantic change of the Greek term λαθρομετανάστης 'illegal migrant'

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikos Stamatinis ◽  
Argiris Archakis ◽  
Villy Tsakona
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Political Correctness ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Power Relationships ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Illegal Migrant ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Racist Discourse ◽  
Migration Crisis

Following a critical discourse analysis (CDA) approach, the present study reports on the analysis of 49 texts from the Hellenic Parliament Proceedings, where the term λαθρομετανάστης “illegal migrant” is used. The texts under scrutiny date back to 2015 (i. e., the year the migration crisis reached its peak) and reveal the recontextualized use of this term, which is identified with the hegemonic national-racist discourse of the 1990s perceiving migrants as criminals. Since the 1990s, the term has been stigmatized by political correctness as racist and inaccurate. We consider political correctness as a type of corrective practice, since it detects naturalized language uses reproducing stereotypes and power relationships. We will examine how the re-emergence of the older, racist use of the term in question as a reaction against the guidelines of political correctness is anew connected with national-xenophobic discourse and, in particular, with framing migrants as invaders and a national threat. Overall, tracing the semantic trajectory of the term λαθρομετανάστης “illegal migrant” allows us to explore how language use at the micro-level is dialectically connected with discourses at the macro-level.

Periphrastic verb forms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustin Speyer
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Features ◽  
Finite Part ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
The Future

The origin of periphrastic verb forms in German is seen in the context of an articulated grammaticalization theory, where grammaticalization is understood as a series of a semantic change (‘bleaching’, read as: stripping of semantic features) followed by a syntactic reanalysis with subsequent extension. The development of several German periphrastic forms is illustrated under this view, focusing on the passive, the periphrastic perfect, and the future tense. Two waves of grammaticalization are distinguished, one in OHG (passive, perfect), one in MHG (future tense). Differences in the ordering frequencies of the non-finite and finite part of the verb form between some forms suggest structural differences, which might mirror different stages in the grammaticalization process.

English phraseological units as a mean of representing knowledge of a person’s physical characteristics

Neophilology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 308-317
Author(s):  
Elena V. Dolgova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Human Body ◽  
English Language ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Cognitive Metaphor ◽  
The Given

We center on the study of the phraseological units semantics from cognitive positions. In particular, attention is paid to information about person physical characteristics represented by phraseological units of the English language containing somatisms, as well as the names of food, clothing and furniture. As phraseological units representing information about physical characteristics we consider those units which represent information about the properties of the body and/or appearance of the human body. The aim of the study is to identify semantic features of these phraseological units, as well as to consider the cognitive mechanisms of their development. During the study of the given phraseological units semantics, the following semantic groups are distinguished: 1) the structure of the human body; 2) age; 3) appearance; 4) the physical/physiological characteristics of the person. In the course of studying the factual material, it is established that the main mechanisms for the development of the meaning of the studied phraseological units are cognitive metaphor, metonymy and metaphtonymy. It is concluded that when comprehending human physical properties, a reference is made both to the very conceptual field of HUMAN and to other conceptual fields involved in the processes of reinterpretation. These may include the conceptual fields FOOD, CLOTHING, FURNITURE, PLANT, ANIMAL.

Use of multi-lexicons to analyse semantic features for summarization of touring reviews

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-206
Author(s):  
Hei Chia Wang ◽  
Yu Hung Chiang ◽  
Yi Feng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Speech Pattern ◽  
Unsupervised Method ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
System A ◽  
Review Analysis ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Hotel Managers

Purpose This paper aims to improve a sentiment analysis (SA) system to help users (i.e. customers or hotel managers) understand hotel evaluations. There are three main purposes in this paper: designing an unsupervised method for extracting online Chinese features and opinion pairs, distinguishing different intensities of polarity in opinion words and examining the changes in polarity in the time series. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, a review analysis system is proposed to automatically capture feature opinions experienced by other tourists presented in the review documents. In the system, a feature-level SA is designed to determine the polarity of these features. Moreover, an unsupervised method using a part-of-speech pattern clarification query and multi-lexicons SA to summarize all Chinese reviews is adopted. Findings The authors expect this method to help travellers search for what they want and make decisions more efficiently. The experimental results show the F-measure of the proposed method to be 0.628. It thus outperforms the methods used in previous studies. Originality/value The study is useful for travellers who want to quickly retrieve and summarize helpful information from the pool of messy hotel reviews. Meanwhile, the system will assist hotel managers to comprehensively understand service qualities with which guests are satisfied or dissatisfied.

scholarly journals Semantic of the form in rock-music: art-pedagogical aspect (on example of hardand-heavy)

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Larysa Vasylieva
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Rock Music ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
Musical Composition ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Model

Purpose of Article - description of the semantic features of the hard-and-heavy musical composition in artistic and pedagogical aspects - the following tasks are specifically applied: individual perspectives of the study of semantics in rock music; need an organization theme), describe the structure and semantic model of hard and heavy compositions. Methodology relies on an integrated approach with the use of system-structural, functional and comparative methods, which allows to explore the characteristics of musical composition's semantics in hardand-heavy at the intonational-thematic, genre, compositional levels. Scientific novelty consists in describing the models of the structural and semantic organization of hard-and-heavy compositions on the basis of a study of the processes of shaping, thematic and structural organization. Hard-and-heavy uses various types of forms - from simple to complex, mirror-symmetric, open, alternative, which are based on one of the three types of thematic organization: monoriff, polyriff, spiral. Structural models of hard-and-heavy musical forms emerge based on the interaction of genre features of vocal and instrumental music. Each structural model corresponds to a generalized semantic model with a specific range of values. The guiding lines for semantic interpretation are representations of typical forms. The semantic model of a typical hardand-heavy composition has several particular models that play the role of a meaningful scenario, define the functional and dynamic profile of the piece, and create the semantic field of this form. Semantic analysis of the rock-piece`s form, as a component of the operational level of artistic and pedagogical analysis, provides an awareness of the joint action of the means of musical expression in their interconnection and conditionality of content. It reveals the structural features of a piece of music, facilitating the process of perception and providing active influence of musical images on the listeners

scholarly journals Exploring the city as text and dominant discourse place

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Valibeigi
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Making ◽  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Dominant Discourse ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
The City ◽  
Standard Semantic

The study has tried to answer the question of how the dominant discourse in the city tries to create meanings and forms an interpretation by using signs and symbols. Accordingly, common semiotics of Dur Untash city has been investigated. In three steps, including preparation, organization, and final report or conclusion, a content analysis method has been done. First, deconstruction views of reading place are explained and how an interpretation discourse is formed. Then we investigated some standard semantic features of Dur Untash city and an image of some familiar ideas and signs is projected. Finally, a bipolar semantic interpretation of these signs and images is presented. The dominant discourse of the city has wanted to catch a meaning, but none of its symbols and characters has such a valid capacity and authority. Therefore, the dominant discourses could not conjure spatial features controlled by meaning-making

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