English phraseological units as a mean of representing knowledge of a person’s physical characteristics

Neophilology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 308-317
Author(s):  
Elena V. Dolgova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Human Body ◽  
English Language ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Cognitive Metaphor ◽  
The Given

We center on the study of the phraseological units semantics from cognitive positions. In particular, attention is paid to information about person physical characteristics represented by phraseological units of the English language containing somatisms, as well as the names of food, clothing and furniture. As phraseological units representing information about physical characteristics we consider those units which represent information about the properties of the body and/or appearance of the human body. The aim of the study is to identify semantic features of these phraseological units, as well as to consider the cognitive mechanisms of their development. During the study of the given phraseological units semantics, the following semantic groups are distinguished: 1) the structure of the human body; 2) age; 3) appearance; 4) the physical/physiological characteristics of the person. In the course of studying the factual material, it is established that the main mechanisms for the development of the meaning of the studied phraseological units are cognitive metaphor, metonymy and metaphtonymy. It is concluded that when comprehending human physical properties, a reference is made both to the very conceptual field of HUMAN and to other conceptual fields involved in the processes of reinterpretation. These may include the conceptual fields FOOD, CLOTHING, FURNITURE, PLANT, ANIMAL.

scholarly journals Some physiological changes in the body when swimming and its health value

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-212
Author(s):  
Alexsandra S Khorkova ◽  
Vladislav O Adilev
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Health Value ◽  
Functional Systems

In the article special attention is paid to the description of the physical characteristics of the cyclical sports, such as swimming sports, also highlighted its recreational importance. The focus is on some physiological features of the main functional systems of the human body during swimming.

scholarly journals ON THE CHANGE OF VALUES OF POSTNOMINATIVE APPENDICES IN THE PROCESS OF TRANSFORMATION IN THE MODERN ENGLISH

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevil M. Radjabova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Altered Form ◽  
The Given ◽  
Informative Element

Article deals with the changes of the meanings of the post nominal adjectives in the process of transformation in the modern English language. On the basis of the linguoculturological approach and the method of linguistic analysis, the characteristic features of the change in the meanings of post-nominative adjectives in the English language have been revealed. In the English language the adjectives can perform the function of predicative. For the semantics of the adjectives which have the predicative function, these adjectives are characterized by inner qualitative diversity. Mainly, qualitative adjectives refer to classical predication and denote the feature of the object directly. Such adjectives have more features of predication. The predicative sign of the adjective, the presence of a connotation of subjective assessment determines its semantics and use. There are differences between the constructions used in the predicate function in phrases that perform the function of the subject and in the altered form of word phrases related attributively and predicatively. The predicative relation is the immunest form of syntactic connection and in predicative connectives the structural restriction in comparison with attributive constructions is extremely limited. Adjectives as predicative words do not have denotation and reference, they have no denoter, there is a signification. Basing on their indicative characteristics, it is possible to present all the possible semantic features. For the English language it is characteristic the use of the attribute before the defined word. The development from a special sign of thought to a general concept is characteristic for the whole structure of the English language; it is even possible to observe it in word formation. In most cases, taking into account the use of the adjective in the function of an attribute, the terms like postpositional (post nominal) and prepositional (prenominal) adjectives are used. The reasons for the change in the position of adjectives should be sought not always in the nature of the adjective, but in the degree to which it determines its referent. The semes that make up the meaning of the word are at different levels and are more or less stable. In adjectives, the nuclear seme, or subseme, is always found next to the differential seme. In other words, the adjective cannot be combined with nouns in all semantic groups. When an adjective is combined with a noun, a background is formed that allows or prevents the actualization of a particular seme. This causes the activation of a specific seme associated with the semantics of the given name in combination with the given name. Such semes are reflected in the join semantics. The opposite can also be said. The adjective itself chooses the noun for word formation. After all, the same adjective behaves differently in relation to transformation into different attributive complexes. In our opinion, adjectives act as an important restrictive informative element at the content level.

scholarly journals ETHNOSPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE CONCEPT WIDOW VERBALIZATION IN THE ENGLISH AND UKRAINIAN LINGUOCULTURES

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Tarasova V.V.
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Interpretive Analysis ◽  
Conceptual Organization ◽  
The Given ◽  
Associative Linkage

The article is devoted to the research of ethnic peculiarities of reality conceptualization, objectified with the help of culturally marked words denoting a widow, which form the corresponding parts of the Ukrainian and English language world models. Purpose. The purpose of the research is to give a contrastive analysis of the verbalizations of the concept WIDOW in Ukrainian and English linguocultures.Methods. The paper uses a comprehensive methodology that combines the following methods: contrastive – to identify common and distinctive features of the concept of WIDOW in the languages under comparison; conceptual-semiotic analysis – to reveal the cognitive mechanisms of the embodiment of the concept; contextual-interpretive analysis – to clarify the peculiarities of the representation of the concept in paremiae.Results. In the highlight of contrastive ethnolinguistic studies and theory of conceptual analysis, is there performed and revealed a structure-semantic reconstruction of the concept of WIDOW, as well as the principles of its semantic-conceptual organization in the English and Ukrainian language pictures of the world. The set of the conceptual and semantic marks is determined, due to the concept structure constituents (conceptual proper, imagery-associative and value), the main ideographic conceptual domains are revealed, the analyzed concept being axiologically marked and its associative linkage, due to the scope of its conceptual correlates are determined.Factors that influence on the conceptualization of the objective reality by the given ethnic groups are determined. Certain ethnocultural and ethnolinguistic peculiarities and general characteristics of verbalization of the concept WIDOW peculiar to both languages are found out. Conclusions. The analyses of widow nominations showed the allomorphism of national peculiarities of reality conceptualization, which are influenced by archetype types, historical and cultural actuality. It is shown that WIDOW in Ukrainian culture can be viewed as a taboo concept which content is marked by negative axiological status due to the socio-cultural views formed in the period predetermining the inadmissibility of its direct naming in relevant social situations.Key words: culturally marked words, language world model, taboo concept, ethnic mentality, widow’s image, conceptual mark. Стаття присвячена вивченню етнічних особливостей концептуалізації дійсності, об’єктивованих у культурно маркованих лексичних одиницях на позначення жінки-вдови, що утворюють відповідні фрагменти української та англійської національно-мовних картин світу. Метою роботи є зіставний аналіз засобів вербалізації концепту ВДОВА/WIDOWв англійській та українській лінгвокультурах.Методи. У роботі застосовується комплексна методика, яка поєднує такі методи: зіставний – для виявлення спільних і відмінних рис концепту ВДОВА/WIDOW у зіставлюваних мовах; концептуально-семіотичний аналіз – для розкриття когнітивних механізмів утілення концепту; контекстуально-інтерпретаційний аналіз – для з’ясування особливостей репрезентації концепту у пареміях.Результати. Крізь призму зіставної лінгвокультурології та теорії концептуального аналізу здійснено структурно-семан-тичну реконструкцію концепту ВДОВА/WIDOW та виявлено принципи його семантико-концептуальної організації в англійській та українській мовних картинах світу. Визначено набір концептуальних та семантичних ознак аналізованого концепту з урахуванням складників його структури (понятійної, асоціативно-образної, ціннісної), виявлено основні семантико-ідеографічні сфери концепту ВДОВА; з’ясовано аксіологічну маркованість та визначено асоціативні зв’язки досліджуваного концеп-ту з урахуванням його концептуальних корелятів; проаналізовано взаємозв’язок оцінного, культурного й інших компонентів конотації у семантиці фразеологічних одиниць; розглянуто семіотичні механізми стереотипізації уявлень українського етносу про вдову, виявлено їхню детермінацію культурними та психоментальними чинниками, Висновки. Аналіз особливостей об’єктивації концепту ВДОВА/WIDOW в англійській та українській лінгвокультурах дав змогу зробити висновок про стереотипність сприйняття жінки-вдови відповідними лінгвосоціумами та показав аломорфізм національних особливостей концептуалізації дійсності, на які впливають історичні та культурні реалії. Доведено, що в українській культурі концепт ВДОВА є табуйованим, зміст якого відзначається негативним аксіологічним статусом.Ключові слова: національно маркована лексика, табу, етнічна ментальність, образ вдови, концептуальна ознака.

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN CHERNOBYL LIQUIDATORS LIVING IN HIGH ALTITUDE CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Gayane Khachatryan ◽  
Anahit Karapetyan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Mountains ◽  
Air Ionization ◽  
The Given

It is known that the human body living in conditions of high mountains is under the constant exposure of the environmental factors, and, in case of prolonged exposure, these factors affect the physiological functions of the body, which in many cases leads to adaptation to the given conditions. Climatic factors, such as reduced atmospheric pressure, reduced oxygen partial pressure, temperature, humidity, high intensity of solar radiation, air ionization and other factors, affect the human body through the skin, lungs, sensory organs, causing different physiological shifts. The aim of the presented study has been to reveal the differences in morbidity, changes in the functional status of different organs and systems in liquidators living on the plains compared with the residents of the highland regions of Armenia.

scholarly journals Bioimpedance Analysis of Human Body Composition: Medical Applications, Terminology.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana P. Shchelykalina ◽  
Dmitry V. Nikolaev
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Human Body ◽  
English Language ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bioimpedance Analysis ◽  
Muscular System ◽  
Body Composition Assessment ◽  
Medical Environment ◽  
Human Body Composition

This article discusses the terminology features of bioimpedance analysis of body composition and the most common mistakes in the use of terms. In the Russian-speaking medical environment, you can often find the use of a number of inaccurate terms related to bioimpedance analysis of the human body composition. At the same time, the terminology of bioimpedance analysis of human body composition in English-language publications has long been established. The article presents the Russian and English terms of bioimpedance analysis of the human body composition with corresponding abbreviations, as well as the hierarchy of the terms body composition components, body composition parameters, parameters of bioimpedance analysis of body composition and bioimpedance parameters. The most developed areas of application of bioimpedance analysis in medical practice are discussed: assessment of nutrition and dynamic observations of changes in body composition, assessment of the body mineral mass, assessment of the body hydration parameters, assessment of blood supply to tissues and organs, including in the monitoring mode, assessment of the asymmetry of paired organs and limbs, assessment of pre-start readiness, physical development and the level of fitness of the athlete's muscular system.

scholarly journals Metaphorization in english-language terminological field "animal diseases" in linguocognitive aspect

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
English Language ◽  
Close Association ◽  
The Body ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

The article deals with the cognitive mechanisms of using metaphor in veterinary terminology of English language. The material of the study was the terms-metaphors of the terminological field of "animal diseases". Based on the theory of conceptual metaphor, the main donor zones, which served as a source of metaphorical nominations for the designation of animal diseases, were identified within the field under study. The types of metaphorical transferences (structural, gestalt, diffuse) that exist in the terminological field "animal diseases" are characterized. The main categories of varieties of metaphorization of the studied terminological field are analyzed. It is concluded that the processes of metaphorization demonstrated extraordinary activity in terminology, being based on the use of signs of some subject spheres to refer to others. The Gestalt variety was dominant in the process. It was established that the donor zone HUMAN is the most productive one for making terms-metaphors to designate animal diseases since human consciousness is prone to percept an outer world in close association with personal experience of biological and social character. Productive to the English terms of the terminological field of "animal diseases" is the conceptual sphere ARTIFACT as a man-made object. Gestalt metaphorical variation based on the use of visual and auditory gestalt is relevant to this donor zone. For the formation of metaphor terms, the most typical one is visual gestures based on the external similarity of animal disease symptoms to man-made objects, or as a result of their associations with artifact coloring. In the terminological field "animal diseases", this group includes such names as coronavirus infection – "coronaviruses most commonly affect cattle, birds, cats, dogs and humans. The shape of the coronavirus is reminiscent of balls with large (about 20 nanometers) tentacle projections arranged in the form of a solar corona, for which they are called», pastous (from lat. Pastosus – doughlike ) – swollen, portals of infection – "place of penetration of pathogenic microbe in the body" drum belly –"excessive accumulation of gases in the intestine caused by increased fermentation processes and impairment of its motor-secretory function"), laky blood - «destruction of the stroma of erythra of oocytes with the excretion of hemoglobin. "

Preparation and testing for the efficacy of polyherbal hand wash

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Rajalakshmi M
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stability Studies ◽  
Hand Wash ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Given ◽  
Light Green ◽  
Made In

Skin is the largest organ that is covering the human body, which helps in the regulation of the temperature of the body, responding to the sensory stimulus and fighting the harmful microbes that are concerning it. So that is the reason, the cleanliness of the hands are the minimum necessary for preventing and combating the probable infections. Currently, herbs like citrus, neem, turmeric, garlic, aloe are serving humans as antibacterials and antibiotics. These herbs are potent in fighting viruses, bacteria and fungus. In the current research, a hand wash is prepared using various drugs or herbal origins like aloe vera, turmeric and tulsi. This hand wash will be made in solution form and will be tested for the antibacterial activity in several methods. The prepared formulations were light green-emerald green in colour and had a pleasant, agreeable odour. The stability studies revealed the formulation was stable at the given conditions. Overall, the prepared hand washes were proven effective in both the methods for antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПРОЄКТУВАННЯ ЖОРСТКОЇ ФОРМИ ОДЯГУ МЕТОДОМ «КОКОНА»

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Т. В. Цимбал ◽  
О. М. Цимбал ◽  
Н. В. Ластівка
Keyword(s):  
Body Surface ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Hard Surface ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Given ◽  
Further Development ◽  
System Of Increments ◽  
Over Time

Establishing the features of modeling a rigid form of clothing using the cocoon method on the example of a female corset of varying degrees of volume in the main sections of the torso of the fi gu re, with the subsequent receipt of its graphic technological scan.Methodology Used such methods as: the method of analysis and synthesis, the method of "cocoon", the method of photogrammetry. The research results are recorded by photographic prints, hard scans and technological ones. The graphic material is made using the Xara Xtreme Pro graphics editor. Results. In the course of the work, the characteristic stages of the development of the corset as a type of clothing are identifi ed. Systematized changes in the rigid form of the corset over time. Results. The percentage of the change in the parameters of the torso sections was calculated for various variants of their deformation by the corset to develop a system of increments in the construction of the structure. The sequence of obtaining hard surface sweeps for corsets of various options for dividing the shape and the degree of volume is provided. Rigid technological sweeps of given shapes were obtained by the cocoon method and their analysis was performed.Scientifi c novelty . For the fi rst time, the change in the geometry of the rigid form of clothes of the rigid form was studied using corsets as an example, depending on the various options for the division of the form and the degree of its bulk in diff erent parts of the torso. The percentage of deformation  of the body surface in the torso sections of the corset was calculated in accordance with the given shapes. Practical signifi cance. Practical signifi cance. The use of the “cocoon” method for obtaining sweeps of a given rigid form of clothing of various types of division and degree of volume is substantiated. A sequence of actions and reasonably characteristic stages of their implementation are proposed. Evidence-based recommendations for changing the designs of tight-fi tting clothes in accordance with the lines of division and the degree of volume in accordance with the surface of the human body received further development.

TO THE PROBLEM OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS REFLECTION IN DICTIONARIES OF DIFFERENT TYPES

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-142
Author(s):  
Е.М. Григорьева
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Translation Equivalent ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Individual Source ◽  
Graphic Illustration ◽  
Characteristic Features

Постановка задачи. Статья посвящена детальному анализу фразеологизмов английского языка различных тематических групп и особенностям их регистрации в англо-английских и англо-русском словарях и справочных пособиях. Рассматривается ряд характеристик, которые отличают фразеологические единицы от свободных словосочетаний. Кроме того, исследуется вопрос включения пословиц в состав фразеологического фонда того или иного языка. Впоследствии отобранные методом сплошной выборки фразеологические единицы классифицируются по различным основаниям, а также проводится детальный анализ особенностей их отражения в представленных изданиях. Результаты. Осуществляется классификация фразеологизмов по следующим категориям: функция в коммуникации, определяемая их структурно-семантическими особенностями, а также тематическое деление. Отдельно рассматриваются фразеологизмы-эвфемизмы, относящиеся к нескольким тематическим группам, среди которых смерть, ругательства и беременность. Выделяются и описываются характерные особенности организации микроструктуры (словарной статьи) каждого отдельно взятого издания. Выводы. На основании проведенного анализа регистрации английских фразеологизмов сделаны выводы о том, что данная лексика получает подробное и точное отражение в справочниках. Проведенный анализ теоретической литературы показал правомерность включения пословиц во фразеологический фонд, поскольку они принадлежат к культурному наследию того или иного народа и воспроизводятся в речи в исходной форме. Тип и адресат справочника определяют особенности организации словарной статьи, а также компоненты, которые входят в нее (дефиниция, переводной эквивалент, иллюстративный пример, грамматическая, стилистическая, региональная и этимологическая пометы, графическая иллюстрация). Statement of the problem. The article is devoted to a detailed analysis of the phraseological units of the English language of various thematic groups and the features of their registration in the English-English and English-Russian dictionaries and reference books. Features that distinguish phraseological units from free phrases are studied. More than that, the question of belonging proverbs to phraseological stock is studied. Then phraseological units selected by the continuous sampling method are classified according to different grounds, and a detailed analysis of the features of their reflection in the analyzed sources is carried out. Results. Phraseological units are classified into some categories according to the following criteria: function in communication, determined by their structural and semantic features and thematic division. Phraseological units-euphemisms related to several thematic groups, including death, curse words and pregnancy are studied. The characteristic features of microstructure organization of each individual source are described. Conclusion. The analysis of English phraseological units registration showed that this lexis is reflected in dictionaries in a proper way. Theoretical literature analysis shows justification of proverbs inclusion into phraseological stock as they are a part of national cultural heritage and are reproduced in speech in the basic form. Further, the author comes to a conclusion that dictionary type and addressee of the reference book determine features of microstructure organization and their components (definition, translation equivalent, illustrative example, grammar, stylistic, regional and etymological labels, graphic illustration).

PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN RAMI (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) DAN PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH DAUN RAMI UNTUK PENGGEMUKKAN DOMBA WONOSOBO

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Muryanto Muryanto ◽  
Pita Sudrajad ◽  
Amrih Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
The Body ◽  
Boehmeria Nivea ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Potential Capacity ◽  
The Given

The aim of the study was to determine the development of ramie plants (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) and the effect of using ramie leaves on feed on the body weight gain of Wonosobo Sheep (Dombos). Research on the development of ramie plants using survey methods in the area of ramie plant development in Wonosobo Regency. While the research on the use of ramie leaves for fattening was carried out in Butuh Village, Kalikajar District, Wonosobo Regency in 2018. 21 male Dombos were divided into 3 feed treatments with forage proportions of 70%, 50% and 30 ramie leaves respectively. %. The results showed that currently ramie plants were being developed in Wonosobo Regency by CV. Ramindo Berkah Persada Sejahtera in Gandok Village, Kalikajar District, Wonosobo Regency, Central Java. Until now the area of the crop has reached 13 ha. Of this area will produce ramie leaves 195,000 kg / year. If one sheep needs 4 kg of ramie / tail / day leaves, then the potential capacity of sheep is 135 heads / year, if the given one is 50% then the Jurnal Litbang Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Volume 16 202 Nomor 2 – Desember 2018potential capacity is 270 heads / year and if it is reduced again to 25% of ramie leaves then the potential capacity 440 heads / year. The use of ramie leaves as a feed for Wonosobo Sheep fattening can be given as much as 30% in fresh form.

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