scholarly journals Obesity in 7 - 10-year-old children in urban primary schools in Port Elizabeth

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Joanna McKersie ◽  
Maryna Louise Baard
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Paediatric Obesity ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Level Of Significance

Objective. The primary aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence of overweight and obesity among urban 7 - 10-year-old children in affluent (quintile 5) English-medium primary schools in Port Elizabeth.Method. A quantitative, descriptive one-way cross-sectional research design utilising random sampling was used. A once-off survey consisted of anthropometrical assessment of body mass index (BMI) according to standardised procedures. To classify children into weight categories, the International Obesity Task Force z-score BMI cut-off criteria were used. Post-hoc analysis consisted of one-way analysis of variance and χ2 tests. Level of significance was set at p<0.05. A total of 713 children participated in the study.Results. Overweight prevalence was 20.9% (n=149) and obesity prevalence was 9.8% (n=70). A significant interaction was found for overweight and obesity levels by gender and age (F=7.2, p=0.01). Of the boys (N=372) 18.5% (n=69) were overweight and 6.9% (n=26) were obese. The girls (N=341) had a 23.5% (n=80) overweight rate and 12,9% (n=44) were obese. The highest prevalence of overweight (24.7%, n=43, N=174) was found in children aged 10, and the highest prevalence of obesity (12.5%, n=21, N=167) was found in children aged 8. Conclusion. Results highlighted the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity among urban children from economically privileged settings. Future research into paediatric obesity is needed to curb the growing incidence.

OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY IN RURAL GIRLS FROM POLAND: CHANGES BETWEEN 1987 AND 2001

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA CHRZANOWSKA ◽  
TERESA ŁASKA-MIERZEJEWSKA ◽  
AGNIESZKA SUDER
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socioeconomic Changes ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
Education Status

SummarySeveral studies have documented increased prevalence of overweight and obesity in inhabitants of rural regions, but determinants of their prevalence are complex and not always in one direction. The aim of this study was to estimate both the prevalence and extent of overweight and obesity among rural girls in Poland between 1987 and 2001, as well as to assess differentiation of the phenomenon between regions of different social structures. The data come from two series of cross-sectional studies; the first in 1987 included 7764 girls, and the second in 2001 included 9431 girls aged 9–18. Body mass index (according to the International Obesity Task Force, IOTF) and the EOW index (extent of overweight), which shows by what mean BMI value the overweight boundaries are exceeded, were calculated. Overweight and obesity prevalences in the whole sample, were, respectively, 14.9% and 2.7% in 1987 and 15.5% and 2.5% in 2001, but significant differentiation in the direction of the changes was observed between the examined regions. In one of them, characterized by sudden, mass and long-term unemployment, there was a considerable decrease in overweight and obesity prevalence, whereas in a relatively wealthier region no changes were observed during the 14-year period. Two other regions with a relatively low standard of living and low incomes and education status presented a significant increase in overweight and obesity prevalence. The EOW index increased from 1.9 to 2.1 in the whole examined sample, and it also confirmed significant differences in expansion of overweight and obesity between the examined regions. The complex character of political and socioeconomic changes in Poland during the 1990s has resulted in two-directional changes in biological measures of living conditions. The analysis of the whole sample led to different results in comparison to separate analyses of each of the examined regions.

scholarly journals Trends in overweight and obesity prevalence in Tuscan schoolchildren (2002–2012)

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 3078-3085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Lazzeri ◽  
Donatella Panatto ◽  
Andrea Pammolli ◽  
Elena Azzolini ◽  
Rita Simi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Who Criteria ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Nutritional Surveillance

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence and time trends in childhood overweight including obesity and obesity among Tuscan children from 2002 to 2012.DesignCross-sectional study at five time points (Tuscan Nutritional Surveillance Surveys conducted in the years of 2002, 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2012). Trained personnel directly measured the height and weight of the subjects. BMI was assessed by means of the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and WHO cut-offs.SettingRepresentative sample of children in the Tuscany region (Italy).SubjectsChildren (n 7183) aged between 7·5 and 9·5 years (3711 boys and 3472 girls).ResultsWith respect to the estimation of the absolute prevalence level of childhood overweight, a discrepancy was observed between the two criteria. In all surveys, more boys than girls were overweight (including obesity). Trend analysis showed a significant decrease in the prevalence of overweight including obesity and obesity in Tuscan children from 2002 to 2012 (32·0 % v. 25·8 %, P<0·001 on using IOTF criteria and 37·7 % v. 34·3 %, P<0·001 on using WHO criteria for overweight including obesity; and 10·0 % v. 6·7 %, P<0·001 on using IOTF criteria and 12·5 % v. 11·3 %, P=0·035 on using WHO criteria for obesity).ConclusionsThe present study is the first report from an Italian region showing a significant decrease in childhood obesity and overweight in the last 10 years. This reduction is probably a result of regional and local actions that have taken place in many sectors of society. However, efforts should be made to lower the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight further.

scholarly journals Socio-economic and demographic determinants of childhood obesity prevalence in Greece: the GRECO (Greek Childhood Obesity) study

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Farajian ◽  
Demosthenes B Panagiotakos ◽  
Grigoris Risvas ◽  
Konstantina Karasouli ◽  
Vasiliki Bountziouka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Paediatric Obesity ◽  
Mother’S Age

AbstractObjectiveGiven the rapid increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity, identifying the sociodemographic influences on obesity status is important for planning and implementing effective prevention initiatives. However, this type of data is limited for Greek children. Therefore the aim of the present study was to identify possible sociodemographic factors associated with childhood obesity at the national level.DesignCross-sectional, population-based survey, carried out from October to May 2009.SettingUnder the context of the GRECO (Greek Childhood Obesity) study, a nationwide sample of 2315 primary-school children.SubjectsChildren aged 10–12 years and their parents were voluntarily enrolled. Direct anthropometric measurements of the children were obtained and information on sociodemographic characteristics of the parents, as well as their self-reported values of body weight and height, were collected.ResultsOverweight and obesity prevalence was 29·5 % and 13·1 %, respectively, among boys; 29·5 % and 9·0 %, respectively, among girls. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the most important sociodemographic predictors of childhood obesity were mother's age, parental BMI classification and father's type of occupation. More specifically, increased mother's age and normal BMI status of the parents seemed to have a protective effect on the likelihood of having an overweight/obese child. Additionally, the odds of a female child of being overweight/obese were reduced when the father's type of occupation tended to be less manual.ConclusionsAnti-obesity health policy interventions have to address to the parents and promote their active involvement, to effectively confront the alarming magnitude of the paediatric obesity problem in Greece.

scholarly journals Prevalence of overweight and obesity among young people in Great Britain

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan A Jebb ◽  
Kirsten L Rennie ◽  
Tim J Cole
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Young People ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Nationally Representative

AbstractObjective:To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in British young people (4–18 years) in 1997.Design:Cross-sectional analysis of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of young people.Setting:Great Britain.Subjects:Nationally representative sample of 1836 young people (age 4–18 years).Results:The prevalence of obesity based on body mass index (weight/height2) and the International Obesity Task Force cut–offs was 4.0%, with a further 15.4% identified as overweight. Asians were almost four times as likely to be obese as white subjects (13.6 vs. 3.5%, P < 0.001). Among white subjects there was no significant difference in the prevalence of obesity between girls and boys, or with age. The risk of obesity was significantly higher in subjects from social classes IV and V than from social classes I–III (6.5 vs. 2.7%, P = 0.003). Subjects living in Scotland and Wales were significantly more likely to be obese than those in England (7.6 and 6.5 vs. 2.9%, respectively, P < 0.01). Multiple logistic regression showed that, among white subjects, those in social classes IV and V living in Wales and Scotland were three times more likely to be obese than the other children in the survey (odds ratio 3.3, 95% confidence interval 1.1–9.8).Conclusion:These data provide information on the national prevalence of overweight and obesity in Great Britain and baseline data from which to monitor future trends. This analysis provides important demographic information on those most at risk of obesity, which may be used to inform public health strategies to prevent obesity in young people.

Abstract P048: Sodium Intake is Associated with Weight Status in Australian Schoolchildren Aged 4-12 Years

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carley A Grimes ◽  
Janet Baxter ◽  
Lynn Riddell ◽  
Karen Campbell ◽  
Feng He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
High Sodium

Introduction: A high sodium intake stimulates thirst and in turn may promote greater consumption of high energy sugary beverages, which are linked to obesity risk in children. In this study we assessed the hypothesis that sodium intake, as measured by 24-hr urinary sodium excretion, would be positively associated with weight status in primary school-aged children. Methods: Cross-sectional study completed within a convenience sample of Victorian primary schools (n=43). Sodium intake was assessed via one 24-hr urine collection. Fourteen percent of samples were deemed invalid and excluded. BMI was calculated from measured weight and height and converted to BMI z-scores using the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reference growth charts. Participants were grouped into weight categories using the International Obesity Task Force cut-points. Differences in sodium intake and weight status were assessed using multi-level linear and logistic regression analysis with adjustment for random effects (gender, age) and fixed effect (school cluster). Results: Of the 667 children with valid urine samples 55% were male and the average age was 9.3±(SD) 1.8 years. Ten percent were classified as underweight, 73% healthy weight, 14% overweight and 3% obese. Average sodium intake differed across weight categories, underweight 82±29 mmol/day (salt equivalent 4.8±1.7 g/day); healthy weight 102±43 mmol/day (salt 6.0±2.5 g/day); overweight 125±55 mmol/day (salt 7.3±3.2 g/day); obese 148±97 mmol/day (salt 8.7±5.7 g/day) (p=0.001). In the fully adjusted model sodium intake (mmol/d) was significantly associated with BMI z-score (b=0.006, P<0.001). A 17 mmol/day increase in sodium intake (salt 1 g/day) was associated with a 23% (OR: 1.23; 95% CI 1.16, 1.31) greater risk of being overweight or obese, adjusted for age and gender. Conclusions: Higher sodium intake is associated with overweight and obesity in Victorian schoolchildren. This may be related to increased energy intake, and this association should be explored further.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Obesity in School Children and Its Relation to Lifestyle Behaviors in Al-Ahsa District of Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Albin Saleh ◽  
Aqeel S. Alhaiz ◽  
Ataur Rahman Khan ◽  
Abdulkareem J Al-Quwaidhi ◽  
Majdi Aljasim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intermediate Schools ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity

OBJECTIVES: To estimate obesity prevalence among children and adolescents in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia for the year 2016 and to determine the related preventable risk factors.METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional study (using stratified random sampling representing different geographical areas of Al-Ahsa) through a self-administered questionnaire. It included 240 male students aged (7–15) years old from public primary and intermediate schools in Al-Ahsa governorate, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Anthropometric measurements of weight and height were taken for all the study participants. Body mass index (BMI) and its percentile was determined using Saudi won growth charts of the corresponding age and sex.RESULTS: The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 29.6% (10.8% overweight, 3.8% obese, and 15% extremely obese). The prevalence of overweight and obesity was significantly associated with early childhood obesity, parental obesity, mother's employment, family income, number of snacks and fast food consumption, physical inactivity, and time spent in watching television. Other factors (namely, eating during emotional stress, family gathering on meals, and regular eating times) were having independently significant association.CONCLUSION: There is an urgent need to spread awareness about obesity, and the prevention programs that involving schools and families are the key strategy for controlling the current epidemic of obesity.

scholarly journals Trends in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and underweight in French children, aged 4–12 years, from 2013 to 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (14) ◽  
pp. 2478-2484
Author(s):  
Jérémy Vanhelst ◽  
Jean-Benoît Baudelet ◽  
David Thivel ◽  
Hervé Ovigneur ◽  
Thibault Deschamps
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
International Obesity Task Force ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Physical Measures ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractObjective:To assess the prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity in French children from 2013 to 2017.Design:Cross-sectional study performed in fourteen regions of France. Physical measures included weight, height and BMI. Underweight, overweight and obesity were defined according to age- and sex-specific BMI cut-off points from the International Obesity Task Force.Setting:France.Subjects:Children (10 159 boys, 9757 girls) from the voluntary, non-representative Diagnoform programme between 2013 and 2017, at the age of 4–12 years.Results:The prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher in girls compared with boys (P < 0·001). Underweight was also more prevalent in girls (P < 0·05). Although there were no significant changes in the prevalence of obesity in boys or girls from 2013 to 2017, a significant decrease in overweight among boys and girls was found (P < 0·001) during the same time period. In contrast, the prevalence of underweight increased in girls and boys (from 10·0 to 20·0 %, P < 0·0001) between 2013 and 2017.Conclusions:Results of the current study show that the prevalence of obesity was stable, while the prevalence of overweight decreased significantly, despite high in French children. Findings suggest also that thinness is becoming an important phenomenon in children. Developing preventive and nutritional programmes in order to modify the lifestyle might help control underweight and obesity in children.

scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracy of tri-ponderal mass index and body mass index in estimating overweight and obesity in South African children

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Violet K. Moselakgomo ◽  
Marlise Van Staden
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
South African ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Industrialised Countries

Background: Prevalence of obesity in youths has drastically increased in both industrialised and non-industrialised countries, and this transition resulted in an increased prevalence of chronic diseases.Aim: The study aimed to comparatively examine prevalence of overweight and obesity status based on tri-ponderal mass index and body mass index in estimating body fat levels in South African children.Setting: The study was conducted in Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1361 (boys: n = 678; girls: n = 683) children aged 9–13 years was undertaken. The children’s age and sex-related measurements of body weight, waist-to-height ratio, waist-to-hip ratio, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfolds and sum of skinfold were taken using the International Society for Advancement of Kinanthropometry protocol. TMI and BMI calculations classified children according to weight and age categories. Descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlations and multiple linear regression analyses were set at ≤ 0.05.Results: Obesity classifications on TMI and BMI among children were as follows: Boys: 7.3%, 2.6%; 2.2%, 0.7%; Girls: 4.0%, 1.0%; 1.8%, 0.6%. Body weight, WHtR, WHpR, TSKF, SSKF and ΣSKF significantly correlated with TMI (r = 0.40, p 0.001; r = 0.73, p 0.001; r = −0.09, p 0.001; r = 0.50, p 0.001; r = 0.51, p 0.001 and r = 0.52, p 0.001) and BMI (r = 0.81, p 0.001; r = 0.59, p 0.001; r = −0.22, p 0.001; r = 0.63, p 0.001; r = 0.67, p 0.001 and r = 0.66, p 0.001). Regression analysis revealed that body weight, WHtR, WHpR, TSKF, SSKF and ΣSKF accounted for 65% and 85% of variance in children’s TMI (R2 = 0.647, F[6 1354] = 413.977, p 0.001) and BMI (R2 = 0.851, F[6 1354] = 1288.218, p 0.001).Conclusion: TMI revealed strikingly higher incidence of overweight and obesity in South African boys and girls than BMI. Future studies are needed to clarify sensitivity of TMI over BMI in quantifying obesity prevalence in children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Dressed or undressed? How to measure children's body weight in overweight surveillance?

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 2715-2720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Censi ◽  
Angela Spinelli ◽  
Romana Roccaldo ◽  
Noemi Bevilacqua ◽  
Anna Lamberti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Lazio Region ◽  
Nutritional Surveillance ◽  
Close Sequence

AbstractObjectiveTo simplify body weight measurement and, particularly, to encourage children and their parents to participate in the Italian nutritional surveillance system OKkio alla SALUTE, children were measured with clothes and then the weight was corrected for the estimated weight of the clothes. In the present study we compared the children's weight measured in underwear, as recommended by the WHO (WWHO), with that obtained using the OKkio alla SALUTE protocol (WOK) and investigated how the latter affects the calculation of BMI and the assessment of overweight and obesity prevalence.DesignWeight (twice in close sequence, with and without clothing) and height were measured. A checklist was used to describe the type of clothing worn. The estimated weight of clothing was subtracted from the WOK. BMI was calculated considering both values of weight and height; ponderal status was defined using both the International Obesity Task Force and WHO BMI cut-offs.SettingThirty-seven third grade classes of thirteen primary schools in Rome and in two towns in the Lazio Region were recruited.SubjectsThe anthropometric measurements were taken on 524 children aged 8–9 years.ResultsThe error in the calculation of BMI from WOK was very low, 0·005 kg/m2 (95 % CI −0·185, 0·195 kg/m2); the agreement between the percentages of overweight (not including obesity) and obese children calculated with the two methods was very close to 1 (κ = 0·98).ConclusionsThe error in BMI and in nutritional classification can be considered minor in a surveillance system for monitoring overweight/obesity, but eases the procedure for measuring children.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Community-Based Interventions Programs in Childhood Obesity Prevention in a Spanish Population According to Different Socioeconomic School Settings

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2680
Author(s):  
Ana M. Puga ◽  
Alejandra Carretero-Krug ◽  
Ana M. Montero-Bravo ◽  
Gregorio Varela-Moreiras ◽  
Teresa Partearroyo
Keyword(s):  
Obesity Prevention ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Habits

Overweight and obesity amongst childhood are currently global health issues. However, this is the best stage of life to prevent diseases and to promote healthy habits. In our study, we evaluate the effectiveness of the THAO Salud Infantil, a community-based intervention program, by means of a cross-sectional study carried out from 2009 to 2019 surveying children aged 3 to 12 years old (n = 27,686). During the study timeframe, overweight and obesity prevalence, according to both the International Obesity Task Force and Orbegozo Foundation criteria, showed a downward trend. Differences in the anthropometric variables were observed from the beginning to the end of the study, mainly in girls. Analysis of the influence of the socioeconomic status revealed that children from families with lower incomes are in greater risk of suffering from overweight and obesity and showed lower effectiveness of the actions proposed by the program. The overall results of the study confirmed the effectiveness of community-based interventions in terms of childhood overweight/obesity prevention.

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