scholarly journals Rethinking gender and conduits of control: A feminist review

Image & Text ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabi Mkhize ◽  
Fikile Vilakazi
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Lesbian Women ◽  
Gendered Violence ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
South African Constitution

ABSTRACT The South African Constitution has been hailed as one of the most progressive in the world and has received high acclaim internationally (Mkhwanazi 2016:6). However, the war on women, their bodies and their right to self-determination persists, irrespective of the Constitution. Literature reveals experiences of brutal rapes and killings of black lesbian women, as well as mistreatment and hate speech in the name of morality against sex workers, women seeking abortions and HIV-positive women (Strode et al. 2012:64). Based on a desktop review of images and audio-visuals of women's narratives in South Africa, this paper finds that many of the country's contemporary social institutions, such as the state, family, church and culture, amongst others, normalise forms of gendered violence, such as the policing, control and exploitation of women's lives and bodies through cultural practices like ukuthwala and ukuhlolwa kwobuntombi. Research findings also include narratives of women, who - in spite of prevailing social and institutionalised violence - have leveraged personal agency to declare autonomy and make personal choices regarding their bodies and lives. Keywords: gendered violence, LGBTI people, patriarchal societies, rape, ukuhlolwa kwobuntombi.

Hidden in the Light: Occupational Norms among Crack-Using Street-Level Sex Workers

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Maher
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
York City ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Street Level ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
Crack Users

This article explores the “hypersexuality” hypothesis and, in particular, the phenomenon of sex-for-crack exchanges, by drawing on recent ethnographic research with women crack users engaged in street-level sex work in New York City. Viewing sex work as work, the study identifies the existence of a hitherto hidden set of occupational norms which cohere around the concept of discrimination as a central organizing principle in street-level prostitution. The article describes the ways in which established norms in relation to price, sex acts, clients, and bartering practices govern commercial sex transactions at the street level and examines their effects in regulating both individual and collective conduct. The analysis draws attention to the deficits of previous research and, specifically, the absence of context and the lack of attention to shared cultural practices and occupational norms which have made possible the erasure of agency from representations of these women's lives.

‘Supper with Berber’ – Hosts and Guests in the View of Ethnic Tourism. Anthropological Analysis of the Travel Agencies’ Offers

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Paulina Cichoń
Keyword(s):  
Social Institutions ◽  
Critical View ◽  
Ethnic Tourism ◽  
Foreign Travel ◽  
Travel Agencies ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Holistic Description

Purpose. Interpretative insight on contemporary tourist marketing in the context of ethnic tourism on the case study of the Berbers. Method. Analyzing offers of both Polish and foreign travel agencies the author focus on the role and place of host and guest in tourist universe. Findings. An analysis of internet tourist offers for „potential clients”, showed some tendencies in the ways of describing and presenting local worlds, projecting of the hosts-guests relationships. These tendencies are called: ethnicity as rhetoric, ethnicity as the element of landscape, ethnicity as an addition, ethnicity as an encounter. Research and cnclusions limitations. The research findings are a kind of anthropological insight on the basis of the case study and do not form any theory or holistic description of the tourist universum. Conclusions are formulated in the light of postmodern paradigm. Practical implications. The anthropological reflection on ethnic tourism in the context of the Berber can lead to critical view on dominating social institutions, not only describing the contemporariness but also influencing its character. Research originality. Ethnic tourism in the context of the Berbers was not examined in the humanities in Poland. Type of paper. A case study.

Sexual Politics of Gendered Violence and Women's Citizenship

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Franzway ◽  
Nicole Moulding ◽  
Sarah Wendt ◽  
Carole Zufferey ◽  
Donna Chung
Keyword(s):  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Sexual Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Gendered Violence ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Women's Lives

The challenge of violence against women should be recognised as an issue for the state, citizenship, and the whole community. This book examines how responses by the state sanction violence against women and shape a woman's citizenship long after she has escaped from a violent partner. Drawing from a long-term study of women's lives in Australia, including before and after a relationship with a violent partner, it investigates the effects of intimate partner violence on aspects of everyday life including housing, employment, mental health, and social participation. The book contributes to theoretical explanations of violence against women by reframing it through the lens of sexual politics. Finally, it offers critical insights for the development of social policy and practice.

Drug abuse and developmental psychopathology

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 795-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
MEYER D. GLANTZ ◽  
ALAN I. LESHNER
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Developmental Psychopathology ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Research Findings

Drug abuse research and theory has become much more sophisticated over the last 2 decades, and some of the advancements parallel concepts that are part of the developmental psychopathology approach. The application of the developmental psychopathology perspective to recent drug abuse research findings can provide a greater understanding of that information and point to important areas of future research. Among the drug abuse research areas discussed here and viewed from this perspective are antecedent and co-occurring psychopathological conditions and other problem behaviors; the diversity of the nature of, paths to, and processes and outcomes related to drug abuse; the role of intermediary influences; the interaction of individual and environmental predisposing and protective factors; the role of families and other social institutions in intervention; and developmental stage characteristics. Directions for future research are also discussed.

Indigenous Tewa language regimes across time: Persistence and transformation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (246) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul V. Kroskrity
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spanish Colonization ◽  
Colonial Oppression ◽  
The Village

AbstractThis article attempts to trace and understand the historical development and transformation of the regimes of language Indigenous to the Village of Tewa (northeastern Arizona). It examines the social institutions and cultural practices that first cultivated a particular set of language ideologies and linguistic practices in the precolonial period. It also tracks more recent transformations involving contemporary Tewa adaptations to inclusion in the federally recognized Hopi Tribe and to the hegemony of the larger nation-state. Critical to my argument is the role of theocratic institutions and Indigenous social organization (e.g., clans and moieties) in providing a foundation for ideological production and elaboration. This account provides a better analysis of Tewa linguistic resistance to Spanish colonization than that of Edward Dozier, who attributed language contact outcomes to the historical circumstances of Spanish colonial oppression rather than to the expression of Indigenous language ideologies, including their regimes of temporalization and the crossing of temporal borders in subjective history.

scholarly journals TEKNOLOGI DIGITAL SEBAGAI MEDIA OBJEKTIFIKASI PEREMPUAN: KAJIAN KRITIS MEDIA SOSIAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
Himmatul Khairah ◽  
Shuri Mariasih Gietty Tambunan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Public Figure ◽  
Digital Ethnography ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Patriarchal Ideology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Objectification Of Women

Sebagai bagian dari perkembangan teknologi digital yang sangat dinamis, media sosial dapat berfungsi sebagai media pemberdayaan perempuan atau media untuk meningkatkan kesadaran (awareness) terhadap isu-isu gender. Akan tetapi, dalam kenyataannya, media sosial justru dipakai sebagai alat pelanggeng dominasi ideologi patriarki yang memosisikan perempuan sebagai obyek atau pihak yang lebih inferior. Kajian kritis terhadap media sosial melalui pendekatan multi disiplin seperti yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan metode digital ethnography harus terus dikembangkan agar penelitian akademis dapat membongkar ideologi dominan dalam praktik budaya yang terjadi di media sosial. Penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana media sosial Instagram digunakan oleh penggunanya, dalam hal ini seorang public figure, yang memiliki follower dalam jumlah banyak melalui akun @phtfcl, untuk mengkonstruksi imaji laki-laki maskulin sebagai individu yang sukses karena memiliki kekayaan yang dapat digunakan untuk mendapatkan perempuan ‘ideal’. Pemikiran dasar penelitian ini adalah bagaimana objektifikasi perempuan terutama dalam media sosial sangat terkait dengan status sosial perempuan di dunia ‘nyata.’ Inilah yang kemudian menjadi signikansi utama mengapa media sosial harus selalu dipermasalahkan kompleksitasnya. Permasalahan utama adalah bagaimana PHT mengkonstruksi pemaknaan dominan atas dirinya sebagai bagian dari konstruksi dominan mengenai maskulinitas yang memosisikan perempuan sebagai obyek. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan objektifikasi perempuan sebagai bentuk pelanggengan budaya patriarki yang direproduksi secara berkesinambungan oleh media sosial. Akan tetapi, peneliti juga menemukan adanya dinamika afirmasi dan kontestasi oleh warganet sebagai bagian dari masyarakat jejaring yang secara aktif menunjukkan agensinya dalam memaknai objektifikasi tersebut. As part of the dynamic development of digital technology, social media serves as a medium for women empowerment or to increase awareness of gender issues. However, in reality, social media is often used as a tool to perpetuate the domination of patriarchal ideology that positions women as more inferior objects or party. Critical studies of social media through a multidisciplinary approach as conducted in this study using digital ethnography methods must continue to be developed in order for academic research to dismantle the dominant ideology in cultural practices that occur in social media. This study analyze how Instagram social media is used, in this case, by a public figure with a large number of followers through the @phtfcl account, to construct the image of masculine men as successful individuals because they have wealth that can be used to get 'ideal' women. The basic thinking of this research is how the objectification of women, especially in social media is closely related to the social status of women in the 'real' world. This is then the main significance of why social media must always be questioned about its complexity. The main problem is how PHT constructs the dominant meaning of himself as part of the dominant construction of masculinity that positions women as objects. Research findings show objectification of women as a form of perpetuating patriarchal culture that is reproduced on an ongoing basis by social media. However, researchers also found the dynamics of affirmation and contestation by citizens as part of a networked society that actively shows its agency in interpreting said objectification.

scholarly journals Dramatizing Ethnographic Fieldwork. Collaborative Laboratory and the Act of Intervening

Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Magdalena Sztandara ◽  
Grzegorz Niziołek
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
Transformative Potential ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Public Sphere

What does it mean when an ethnographer intervenes in the public sphere or when a dramaturgist or theatre director conducts ethnographic research? What are the possibilities and values of such collaboration, and how it might be turned into engaged activities? In the following article, we attempt to answer these questions drawing from our pedagogical experience resulted from a joint effort of running and supervising a collaborative laboratory. For a year, groups of students (anthropologists, dramaturgists and theatre directors) jointly conceptualised, problematised and worked on the project about different masculinities. Throughout the project, all of us have been discussing, negotiating and exchanging our research methods, strategies and ways of exploring social practices by combining ethnography and performative. The outcome included thirteen interventions, understood as immediate social actions performed in the public space. The article aim is to engage with our teaching experiences and collaborative research efforts critically, as well as to problematise the real potential of the drama-based approach to ethnographic research. We argue that the form of collaboration between ethnography and performative arts opens not only new possibilities in methodological and pedagogical approach but also has transformative potential. The interventions performed in the public sphere might be understood as new modalities for disseminating research findings, which distort rather static and normative protocols of academic research presentations in Poland. They also allow reaching broader audiences and enabling more critical, intimate and involved understanding of different social and cultural practices.

scholarly journals Cultural Hegemony and Victimisation of Bedia Women in Central India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
Usha Rana
Keyword(s):  
Sex Work ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Central India ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
False Consciousness ◽  
Cultural Hegemony ◽  
Traditional Institution ◽  
Long Time

Italian philosopher Antonio Gramsci first coined the term “hegemony” and also elaborated on cultural hegemony. It is a common perception that cultural powers and organisations are hegemonic-centred, resulting in a network of invisible powers. Hegemonic power processes are an integral part of daily social and cultural practices that help to perpetuate power relations. The repercussions of hegemony can be seen in various aspects of society, such as caste, class, ethnicity, occupation, gender, tradition, etc. This paper enlightens on the gendered hegemonic cultural practice of prostitution (sex work) as a traditional institution in the Bedia community. The intensive fieldwork in Habla hamlet, a sub-village of Luhari village (village assembly) of the Bedia community in Sagar district in Madhya Pradesh, India, was conducted to reveal the hegemonic practices in the community. Forty people aged between 50 to 60 years have been interviewed for this study. Twenty females and twenty males were selected for data collection, and observations had been made in the hamlet to understand hegemony through social institutions. Moreover, we have found that the male members are alert to the preservation of the purity and chastity of their wives but compelled their sisters and daughters, with the support of social institutions, to remain unmarried and take up prostitution (sex work). In particular, Bedias' hegemonic traditional cultural behaviour plays an essential role in the continuation of discrimination against Bedia women. Additionally, we explore the mechanism of this hegemonic power through the role of gender, patriarchy, false consciousness, emotions, power of common sense, ideology, and history, which have been responsible for the victimisation of Bedia women for a long time.

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