scholarly journals Urban Project in Rural Crisis: Responding to Coronavirus in Bulgarian Villages

Folklorica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Sarah Craycraft
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Cultural Work ◽  
Rural Culture ◽  
Virtual Ethnography ◽  
Virtual Spaces ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban Project ◽  
Urban People

The unprecedented situation of COVID-19 has created a unique response from village-based projects in rural Bulgaria. My research from 2019-2020 followed three projects that facilitate urban-rural intergenerational connection as a form of rural reinvestment. With project planning uncertain and interactions between generations discouraged due to the pandemic, my research, and the cultural work I am following, took an unexpected turn. Rather than fulfilling their core missions of connecting young and old, rural and urban people together to pass on rural culture, these projects transformed their rhetoric and practices to support the elderly in a time of crisis. By drawing on my experiences in the field throughout Bulgaria’s early onset of pandemic and lockdown measures as well as “virtual ethnography” (being in the virtual spaces where communication and online events are happening), I explore how two of the intergenerational projects aimed at heritage-based rural reinvestment in Bulgaria have adapted and organized to fill different needs in a time of crisis. During the coronavirus pandemic, these projects served as a well-poised mechanism for responding quickly to shifting needs and contexts.

scholarly journals Creating healthy and active life for the elderly in programmes conducted by rural and urban-rural communes in Poland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Augustynowicz ◽  
Michał Waszkiewicz ◽  
Sławomir Szopa ◽  
Mariola Borowska ◽  
Aleksandra Czerw
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Aggregate Information ◽  
Active Life ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Family Activity

Abstract Background In Poland, between 1989 and 2018 the number of the elderly increased by over 3.9 million. Demographic changes justify a senior policy focussed on the longest possible social, professional and family activity of the elderly. Directions of undertaken actions should include health policy programmes aimed at creating conditions healthy and active life of the elderly. The programmes should be particularly important in rural areas as the health of rural and urban residents differs. The study presents programmes for creating conditions for a healthy and active life of the elderly run by rural and urban-rural communes in 2012–17. Methods The study was conducted on the basis of existing data analysis. Data from the summary information prepared by voivodes and provided to the Minister of Health about implemented health policy programmes were used. Data on programmes concerning a healthy and active life for the elderly conducted by rural and urban-rural communes between 2012 and 2017 were extracted from the aggregate information. Results Between 2012 and 2017, 354 programmes were implemented, the most in 2016, and the least in 2015. There were 171 000 people participating in the programmes. The total cost was USD 2 491 664. Conclusion It can be presumed that in 2016 communes implemented more diagnostic and therapeutic programmes than in 2017. A small number of programmes and a small involvement of financial resources in communes with the largest number of the elderly may indicate marginalization of the importance of an active and healthy life for the elderly.

scholarly journals Urban-Rural Differences in Geodetic Distance Between Home and the Nearest Pharmacy Among Older Pennsylvania Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 200-200
Author(s):  
Shivani Khan ◽  
Debra Heller ◽  
Leroy Latty ◽  
Michelle LaSure ◽  
Theresa Brown
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Straight Line Distance ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rural Older Adults

Abstract Aim: We examined differences in geodetic or straight line distance between home and the nearest community pharmacy among rural and urban older adults in Pennsylvania. Method: The addresses of 241,398 older adults (≥65 years) and 2,880 community pharmacies enrolled in Pennsylvania’s Pharmaceutical Assistance Contract for the Elderly (PACE) program in 2018 were geocoded. We identified pharmacies in the same or adjacent counties for each enrollee and measured the geodetic distance between home and those pharmacies. The pharmacy with the shortest distance from home was identified as the nearest pharmacy for each enrollee. Enrollees’ home addresses were categorized as urban or rural at the county level, based on the Center for Rural Pennsylvania’s definitions. T-tests and chi-squared tests were used for analyses. Results: Overall, 37% were rural older adults and the mean distance between home and the nearest pharmacy was 1.60 ± 2.21 miles. The mean distance between home and the nearest pharmacy was significantly greater in rural compared to urban older adults (2.78 ± 2.93 versus 0.91 ± 1.19; p<.0001). A higher proportion of rural older adults resided >5 miles away from the nearest pharmacy compared to urban older adults (19.19% versus 1.80%; p<.0001). Moreover, 2.96% of rural older adults resided >10 miles away from the nearest pharmacy compared to 0.08% of urban older adults (p<.0001). Conclusion: Older patients in rural counties need to travel longer distances for pharmacy access than in urban counties. Efforts to provide convenient access to medications and pharmacy services for rural older patients are necessary.

scholarly journals Health Disparities between the Rural and Urban Elderly in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8056
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Jianmin Gao
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Rural Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rural Elderly ◽  
Urban Elderly ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Background: China is becoming an aging society, and the proportion of the population aged 60 years and above is increasing. There is a dualistic urban–rural economic structure between urban and rural areas in China, but there are few comparative health studies on the self-assessed health (SAH) status of the elderly between urban and rural areas. The aim of this study is to explore the SAH status of the elderly in China, and to identify the health disparity between the urban and rural elderly. Methods: The data from the fourth wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2018 were adopted. A total of 9630 participants aged 60 and above were included in this study. SAH was used as the indicator, measuring the health status. Fairlie decomposition analysis was conducted to find the SAH disparity. Results: The proportion of good SAH of the rural elderly (24.01%) was significantly higher than the urban elderly (19.99%). The association of SAH was widely different between the rural and urban elderly. There was a stronger association between SAH and sleeping time in the urban elderly (Odds ratios (OR) = 3.347 of 4–8 hours; OR = 3.337 of above 8 hours) than the rural elderly (OR = 1.630 of 4–8 hours; OR = 2.293 of above 8 hours). Smoking and social activity were significant only in the urban elderly, while region and assets were significant only in the rural elderly. Drinking (11.45%), region (−33.92%), and assets (73.50%) were the main factors contributing to the urban–rural health disparities. Conclusions: This is the first comparative study examining SAH disparity, focusing on the elderly aged 60 and above in China. From the perspective of drinking, region, and assets, our study highlighted substantial urban–rural health disparities, and provided evidence for policy making on narrowing the health gap between urban and rural areas in China.

The portrayal of Social Evils in Kamala Markandaya’s Nectar in a Sieve and A Handful of Rice

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Pooja Shankar ◽  
Dr. Poonam Rani
Keyword(s):  
Good Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Abstract Concept ◽  
Indian English ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Kamala Markandaya ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Everyday Reality ◽  
Urban People

Life is very precious for everyone. Life needs proper care and nurture. Human life depends on society. Only in a good society we can find a good life.  Life is simple, very little is needed to make it happy. But social evils insist on making it complicated. Social evils in society have become a serious concern in the present day world. It is gradually affecting roots of our culture and its blocking its rapid growth on the global chart. The aim of writing this research paper is to highlight Social Evils in rural and urban societies. This research paper will explore the meaning, reason, effect of social evils in the light of the analysis of two novels of Kamala Markandaya, an Indian English writer. The research paper entitled ‘The portrayal of Social Evils in Kamala Markandaya’s Nectar in a Sieve and A Handful of Rice.’ In this paper, the effort is made to study Kamala Markandaya’s Social Evils in Nectar in a Sieve and A Handful of Rice. We will find poverty, hunger, starvation, beggary, prostitution, crime, unemployment and many more social evils in both novels. Kamala Markandaya’s A Handful of Rice and Nectar in a Sieve nothing but an account of the suffering of the rural and urban people, and how the cruelty of social evil resulting in suffering, death and misfortune is more explicit in both novels. Poverty is the everyday reality of the characters in the both novels.  Poverty is not an abstract concept that one can really think about, it’s like wolf at the door that must constantly be staved off. Both novels are a jolt to awaken the society against social evils.  

Investigating intention and behaviour towards sorting household waste in Chinese rural and urban–rural integration areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 126827
Author(s):  
Jian-gang Shi ◽  
Ke Xu ◽  
Hongyun Si ◽  
Lingchuan Song ◽  
Kaifeng Duan
Keyword(s):  
Household Waste ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural

scholarly journals Daily Stimulation and Cognitive Functioning: The Importance of the Participation of Healthy Older People in Cognitively Demanding Everyday Activities

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-319
Author(s):  
José Antonio Labra Pérez ◽  
Julio Menor
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Everyday Activity ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Rural And Urban

The participation of the elderly in cognitively demanding activities is considered an enhancing factor of cognitive function. However, the life cycle psychosocial variables such as education and type of profession also influence in cognitive functioning. The objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between daily stimulation and cognitive functioning in a sample of healthy older adults, controlling the effects of education and the type of profession. The study involved 164 adults over 60 years, from rural and urban areas, with different levels of education and professional level which were assessed with an extensive battery of neuropsychological measures, as well as in an inventory of everyday activities built ad hoc. The results show that different cognitively demanding everyday activities are related to with cognitive processes, both fluids and crystallized. Furthermore, it was found that daily stimulation plays an important role in cognitive functioning outside of education and the type of profession performed. Overall, the results of this study shows the importance of everyday activity as a protective mechanism against cognitive decline, as well as the need to adopt a model of active aging

scholarly journals Urban–rural disparity in cancer incidence in China, 2008–2012: a cross-sectional analysis of data from 36 cancer registers

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e042762
Author(s):  
Shuai Yuan ◽  
Shao-Hua Xie
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural

ObjectiveThe substantial differences in socioeconomic and lifestyle exposures between urban and rural areas in China may lead to urban–rural disparity in cancer risk. This study aimed to assess the urban–rural disparity in cancer incidence in China.MethodsUsing data from 36 regional cancer registries in China in 2008–2012, we compared the age-standardised incidence rates of cancer by sex and anatomic site between rural and urban areas. We calculated the rate difference and rate ratio comparing rates in rural versus urban areas by sex and cancer type.ResultsThe incidence rate of all cancers in women was slightly lower in rural areas than in urban areas, but the total cancer rate in men was higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The incidence rates in women were higher in rural areas than in urban areas for cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, and liver and biliary passages, but lower for cancers of thyroid and breast. Men residing in rural areas had higher incidence rates for cancers of the oesophagus, stomach, and liver and biliary passages, but lower rates for prostate cancer, lip, oral cavity and pharynx cancer, and colorectal cancer.ConclusionsOur findings suggest substantial urban–rural disparity in cancer incidence in China, which varies across cancer types and the sexes. Cancer prevention strategies should be tailored for common cancers in rural and urban areas.

scholarly journals Urban–Rural Disparities in the Magnitude and Determinants of Stunting among Children under Five in Tanzania: Based on Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys 1991–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5184
Author(s):  
Wenjun Zhu ◽  
Si Zhu ◽  
Bruno F. Sunguya ◽  
Jiayan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Child Stunting ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Individual

Our study aims to examine the disparity of under-5 child stunting prevalence between urban and rural areas of Tanzania in the past three decades, and to explore factors affecting the rural–urban disparity. Secondary analyses of Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys (TDHS) data drawn from 1991–1992, 1996, 1999, 2004–2005, 2009–2010, and 2015–2016 surveys were conducted. Under-5 child stunting prevalence was calculated separately for rural and urban children and its decline trends were examined by chi-square tests. Descriptive analyses were used to present the individual-level, household-level, and societal-level characteristics of children, while multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine determinants of stunting in rural and urban areas, respectively. Additive interaction effects were estimated between residence and other covariates. The results showed that total stunting prevalence was declining in Tanzania, but urban–rural disparity has widened since the decline was slower in the rural area. No interaction effect existed between residence and other determinants, and the urban–rural disparity was mainly caused by the discrepancy of the individual-level and household-level factors between rural and urban households. As various types of determinants exist, multisector nutritional intervention strategies are required to address the child stunting problem. Meanwhile, the intervention should focus on targeting vulnerable children, rather than implementing different policies in rural and urban areas.

Socio-cultural direction in the social service of elderly citizens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Nikolaevna Ispulova
Keyword(s):  
Social Service ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cultural Work ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Care Department ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
The Social

The article presents the experience of socio-cultural work with elderly citizens in the conditions of a complex social service center, as well as the results of an empirical study conducted by the author, aimed at identifying the satisfaction rate of elderly citizens with leisure activities in the day care department. As a result, it was determined that the quality of services provided during the stay in the day care department is rated as high by the clients, which allows asserting the professionalism of the staff working with them; the clients tend to prefer those types of services that are aimed at maintaining health and well-being; the clients are satisfied with the material and technical equipment of the day care department; the clients want to see new types of services in the day care department and are ready to pay for them additionally. These services include going on excursions outside the city, lectures by specialists from medical institutions on various topics related to the health of the elderly and disabled, visiting the cinema, visiting the theater.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal distribution of fishing resources exploited by the Manaus fishing fleet, Amazonas, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
VS. Batista ◽  
M. Petrere Jr
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Fishing Ground ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Environmental Variations ◽  
Fishing Resources ◽  
The Right ◽  
Urban People ◽  
Operational Aspects

Fishing resources are important generators of income and food for the rural and urban people in the Amazon. The present paper investigates fishing and environmental variables determining fishing production landed in Manaus and evaluates the relative abundance of commercial fishes in the different sub-systems of the Central Amazon basin. Information collected was used to test the new catch index derived from multiple regressions with the following significant variables: number of fisherman days fishing; distance of the fishing ground from Manaus; amount of ice carried during the trip; and river level. There were no significant differences between mean catch values of the Purus, Madeira and Juruá sub-systems. These results suggest that the tributaries of the right margin were very similar and were the most productive in commercial terms. The actual production varies according to the recent magnitude of fishing effort, environmental variations and operational aspects of fishing, particularly ice consumption.

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