scholarly journals Development of the Child Protection System in Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Enikő Deák
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Continuous Transformation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Keywords Child

The child protection system has been undergoing a continuous transformation since 1989. After the change of regime, orphanages were gradually abolished, and children’s homes and family-type houses were established instead. The study seeks to outline the change in attitude that has developed in the care of children growing up in families without children in Romania over the past 30 years. Three main periods of the decentralization process are distinguished, along which I also presented the last 30 years of the child protection system. The transformation of the Romanian child protection system has also had to deal with a number of obstacles, but its legal regulations are in line with the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, as it focuses on new principles such as person-centeredness, child and family participation and community involvement. However, there is still a large gap between theory and implementation. A government decree stipulates that by the end of 2020, all child protection centers should be dismantled and priority should be given to placement with relatives, adoption or a foster care program. It also obliges the institutions of the child protection system to help young people who leave the system to find housing and jobs. Getting out of the system, leaving the child protection system, is also a big challenge for all participants. A young adult who is successfully integrated into society can be one of the most authentic confirmations of a well-functioning system, which can even serve as a guide for further interventions and transformations. Keywords: child protection system, change, challenge

scholarly journals The Emergence of Child Protection Capacities in Oman

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
Shamsa S. Al Balushi ◽  
Gillian Morantz ◽  
Geoffrey Dougherty
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Health It ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Gulf Countries ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Basic Reference ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
Keywords Child

Child Maltreatment (CM) is the abuse and neglect of children under the age of 18 years. It has many types which results in actual or potential harm to the child’s health. It is a widespread phenomenon and is well reported from western countries in contrast with the gulf countries. Reports documenting CM from Oman are now available. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the state and the patterns of Child Maltreatment in Oman. It will also addresses the current Child Protection System (CPS) in Oman and the sociocultural considerations . The study was conducted by reviewing all relevant medical literature published in English before 2020. It will serve as a basic reference in the field of CM in Oman. It should help to identify lacunas in the current CPS, and guide to the establishment of a more effective one. Keywords: Child Maltreatment; Child Protection System; Oman.

scholarly journals The Social and Vocational Integration of Former Users of the Child Protection System in Romania: A Qualitative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3306
Author(s):  
Dănuț Bălăuță ◽  
Alexandru Neagoe ◽  
Marius Vasiluță Ștefănescu ◽  
Ovidiu Florin Toderici
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
The Social

The social and vocational integration of vulnerable groups is an important aspect of social sustainability. Former users of the residential child protection system represent such a group. The purpose of our research was to investigate the social and vocational integration of individuals raised in the child protection system in Romania. Their experiences during and after their time in residential care are analyzed. The research sample was composed of 23 interviewees (18 male and 5 female) with an average age of thirty-five at the time of the interview (SD = 7.49). Our research method was a qualitative one, based on a semi-structured interview. The results paint a generally bleak image of life in such institutions, both before the fall of communism in Romania in December 1989 and subsequently. In addition, the respondents’ transition from institutional life to independent living was full of challenges. Nevertheless, most of the respondents have demonstrated a remarkable level of resilience, based on factors such as education, self-esteem, work, a life partner and the ability to acquire new skills. As a general conclusion, our study has shown that a sustainable social development plan should include social policies which strive for the de-institutionalization of the child protection system by preventing the separation of children from their biological families or, where necessary, by finding family-type solutions for children in difficulty. If institutional childcare is to continue, it must be accompanied by consistent efforts to prepare these children for their transition to independent living.

Strengthening Colombian Indicators for Protection in Early Childhood

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 638-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Cook
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
School Health ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Childhood Care

This paper provides an overview of protection indicators developed for Colombia’s Intersectoral Commission for Comprehensive Early Childhood Care for the Early Childhood Comprehensive Care Strategy, “De Cero a Siempre”. De Cero a Siempre Strategy promotes the national public policy to strengthen the realization of rights for children aged 0–6 and is laudable in its holistic approach to supporting children’s rights in the early years. The paper provides a context on progress made in strengthening international norms and standards in child protection during early childhood and presents a summary of current frameworks for early years risk and protection indicator development, in particular the un Committee on the Rights of the Child General Comments No. 7 (Early Childhood) and No. 13 (Prevention of Violence). The paper presents a framework of risk and protection indicators, drawing on gcs Nos. 7 and 13, across the first five moments of the lifecycle, and four social environments of home, educational environment (ecd, kindergarten, and school), health environment and public space. The paper also suggests opportunities for community involvement in piloting these indicators. Finally the paper recommends a strategy for Colombian municipalities to incorporate indicators for protection in early childhood, and suggests five specific ways the data gathered from the indicators can be used to strengthen outcomes for children in the early years impacted by De Cero a Siempre policy and its programmes.

scholarly journals Attitudes and decision-making in the child protection system

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 2-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Delgado ◽  
Vânia S. Pinto ◽  
João M. S. Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Foster Care ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Rights Of The Child

In the contexts of family neglect or maltreatment, the State intervenes by safeguarding the development and well-being of the child or young person in danger. In more severe situations, the intervention may lead to the child’s removal from the family. The Portuguese Law on the Protection of Children and Young People in Danger (Law 142/2015 of September 8th) favours the placement of the child in a family environment, especially for children up to the age of six. Despite this, in Portugal, in 2015, 8 600 children were in out-of-home care, only 3.5% of which were placed in foster care, while the remaining children were in residential care. Therefore, one of the fundamental rights of the child – living in a family environment – is compromised in practice. This study aims to understand the decision-making process of 200 higher education students in domains related to child protection, and those of 200 professionals who are responsible for providing case assessments and recommendations for intervention in the Portuguese child protection system. Using the Child Welfare Attitudes Questionnaire (Davidson-Arad & Benbenishty, 2008, 2010), the study aimed to identify the participants’ attitudes regarding removal of at-risk children from home, reunification and optimal duration of alternative care, children’s and parents’ participation in the decision-making process, and assessment of foster care and residential care, with the purpose of promoting children’s development and well-being. We concluded that both sets of participants (professionals and students) can be divided in two groups, one which is pro-removal and the other, which is less so. In comparison with students, professionals less often favour the removal of the child and more often defend reunification. There are no significant differences among participants regarding their opinion about the role of foster and residential care, and the participation of the child in the decision-making process. However, professionals tend to support parents’ participation in the decision-making process more than students do. Finally, we present some implications of our findings for the practice of child protection.

scholarly journals Characteristics of an Effective Child Protection System in the European and International Contexts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariëlle R. Bruning ◽  
Jaap E. Doek
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Protection System ◽  
European Convention ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
European Court ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Main Components

AbstractIn the European context, an understanding that States are responsible for an effective child protection system is well established. Further, all 47 members of the CoE have adopted the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, and all European countries have ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Thus, States have come to understand their responsibility in terms of the child’s right to protection. The aim of this article is to explicate core elements of an effective child protection system within a child’s rights framework. This aim is accomplished by highlighting and providing analysis of the principles set forth in the CRC and further elaborated in General Comment No. 13 (2011) and by the UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the main components of policies and other relevant documents of the European Union (EU) and the Council of Europe (CoE), and caselaw from the European Court of Human Rights (ECrtHR) and then presenting recommendations for an effective State-run child protection system.

scholarly journals International Human-Rights Supervision Triggering Change in Child-Protection Systems? The Effectiveness of the Recommendations of the CRC Committee in Estonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 108-123
Author(s):  
Katre Luhamaa
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Main Question ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
International Human ◽  
The Impact

Estonia’s legal system is generally regarded as very accepting of international (human-rights) law, with treaties in this domain and associated supervisory practice being implemented directly by national courts. The article analyses whether this extends to the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and the recommendations of the CRC Committee on ways to improve the Estonian national child-protection system. The main question examined is whether the CRC Committee’s ‘Concluding Observations’ have had an impact and been effective with regard to the Estonian child-protection system. The article lays out and further develops the framework proposed by Krommendijk for analysing the impact and effectiveness of international human-rights work with respect to national legal systems. The author begins by situating this theoretical framework in the context of the CRC and the Estonian legal system and then providing a brief description of Estonia's reporting process. The bulk of the paper is concerned with research presenting the development of the following elements of the child-protection system in aims of analysing the effectiveness of the CRC Committee's recommendations: general principles with relevance for the child-protection system, the institutional set-up, issues related to the implementation of the child's right to be free from any form of violence (along with any relevant procedural rights), and the placement of a child within the child-protection system.

scholarly journals Barns rätt till delaktighet vid beslutsprocesser inom den sociala barnavården. Vad betyder barnkonventionen och den rättsliga utformningen för tillämpningen i praktiken?

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Larsson ◽  
Elin Hultman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Social Law ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Right To Participation ◽  
The Right

Children’s right to participation in decision-making within the Swedish Child Protection System. What does the UNConvention on the Rights of the Child and the legal framework mean in relation to the implementation in practice? This article is based on children’s right to participation which stems from the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child – the Child Convention. Regarding decision-making processes within the Child Protection System children’s right to participation is explicitly stated. However, it is still not palpable and the interpretations regarding children’s right to participation may vary. This may give rise to various standpoints which in turn can have an impact on the magnitude of how the right isput into practice. Social science and social law research in Sweden has pointed out that children and young people do not participate sufficiently in parts of this process. This article describes and analyzes what has emerged in this research regarding children’s right to participation in connection with decision-making processes concerning out-of-home-placement with a particular focus on some of the circumstances that may impede the children’s right to participation. The article concerns how the right to participation is handled in practice and the importance of the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the framework of the legal regulation.

scholarly journals Participation of Children and Parents in the Swiss Child Protection System in the Past and Present: An Interdisciplinary Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Aline Schoch ◽  
Gaëlle Aeby ◽  
Brigitte Müller ◽  
Michelle Cottier ◽  
Loretta Seglias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Mutual Recognition ◽  
Protection System ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
Effects On Children ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Adult Protection

As in other European countries, the Swiss child protection system has gone through substantial changes in the course of the 20th century up to today. Increasingly, the needs as well as the participation of children and parents affected by child protection interventions have become a central concern. In Switzerland, critical debates around care-related detention of children and adults until 1981 have led to the launch of the National Research Program ‘Welfare and Coercion—Past, Present and Future’ (NRP 76), with the aim of understanding past and current welfare practices. This paper is based on our research project, which is part of this national program. We first discuss three overarching concepts—integrity, autonomy and participation—at the heart of a theoretical framework in order to understand the position of parents and children in child protection proceedings. Secondly, we critically analyze the historical and legal development of the child protection system in Switzerland and its effects on children and parents from 1912 until today. Thirdly, we give an insight into the current Swiss child protection system, with an investigation of hearings of parents and children conducted by the Child and Adult Protection Authorities (CAPA) based on participant observations. In particular, we show the importance of information exchanges and of signs of mutual recognition. Finally, in light of our findings, we discuss the interplay between socio-historical and legal developments in child protection and their consequences for the integrity, autonomy and participation of the people involved.

scholarly journals The Participation of Children and Adolescents in the Protection System: The Case of the Spanish Legislation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Anna Massons-Ribas ◽  
M. Àngels Balsells ◽  
Neus Cortada
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Right To Participation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Spanish Legislation

Children’s right to participation is enshrined in the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), specifically in Article 12; however, the participation of children in the protection system continues to be a challenge. There is a need for a paradigm shift, in which children and adolescents (CA) are considered as active subjects of rights in all areas of their lives, and that means allowing them to participate in decisions that concern them. The study analysed 20 Spanish laws, both national and autonomous, that regulate child protection and the rights of CA in the protection system. It focuses on examining the participation of children in the protection system, divided into its three dimensions: the right to be informed, the right to be heard and the right to be involved. There is complexity in the different regulations. All of them are consistent with the CRC and provide for participation, but not all to the same extent. There is a lack of harmonisation between the legislation of autonomous communities, leading to practical difficulties for the professionals who have to implement the legislation on a daily basis.

The Politics of Child Protection in Romania

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Bainham
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Older Children ◽  
The West ◽  
Single Issue ◽  
Substantive Content ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
The Status ◽  
International Obligations

AbstractThis paper challenges criticism of Romania's new child protection and adoption legislation, passed in 2004 and implemented in January 2005. It responds to the argument that Romania's indefinite moratorium on inter-country adoption (except in cases of family adoption) embodied in the new legislation, is a breach of international obligations. It is argued that pressure on Romania to lift the moratorium is based on a misunderstanding of the problems Romania has faced and of the substantive content of the new laws. Institutionalisation of young children is prohibited and, for older children, clear priorities are created for re-integration in the natural family or, failing that, foster care or family-type accommodation before accommodation in an institution can be considered. It is further argued that there has been an unhealthy preoccupation in the West with the single issue of inter-country adoption to the neglect of these other positive reforms to the Romanian child protection system and the programme of de-institutionalisation. The view is taken that criticism of Romanian reforms relies on a distorted notion of what constitutes 'abandonment' and the status of 'orphan'. The author concludes that Romania should robustly resist political pressure to lift the moratorium, largely originating from the pro-adoption lobby in the United States and, most recently, apparently endorsed by the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child.

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