scholarly journals Total prostatectomy combined with urethral anastomosis in a dog: a case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 280-286
Author(s):  
P Przadka ◽  
B Liszka ◽  
A Piatek ◽  
P Skrzypczak ◽  
S Dzimira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Neoplastic Process ◽  
Laparotomy Wound ◽  
Total Prostatectomy

Prostate cancer is the most common prostate disease diagnosed in castrated dogs. However, prostate cancer is considered to be quite rare in dog population. The presence of prostate tumours can lead to urethral obstruction. Other clinical signs include asymmetric, painful, hard growths on rectal examination, neurological deficit or lameness of the pelvic limbs and general symptoms such as anorexia, weight loss or difficult urination. The neoplastic process may spread to the neighbouring organs and give metastases to the lymph nodes, lungs and skeletal system. Patient with histopathologically confirmed prostate cancer should be examined for metastases. The prognosis is usually unfavourable because of late diagnosis and the presence of metastases. Therapeutic options include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Complete prostatectomy carries with it many complications and often requires osteotomy of pelvic fusions. For that reason, total prostatectomy is not commonly performed in companion animals; however, it should be considered in cases of early detection with the absence of metastases. This report presents the procedure of a complete prostatectomy in a dog with a pre-pubic anastomosis of the urethra, without osteotomy of the pelvic septum. The anastomosis of the urinary tract was placed outside the abdominal cavity, caudally from the laparotomy wound. The presented technique seems to be appropriate for the treatment of malignant tumours of the prostate gland in dogs.

scholarly journals Intra-abdominal bleeding in a horse: not always of traumatic origin

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
L. De Lange ◽  
A. Dufourni ◽  
L. Lefère ◽  
L. Sonck ◽  
G. Van Loon
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Pelvic Mass ◽  
Pelvic Cavity ◽  
Neoplastic Cells ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Abdominal Bleeding ◽  
Neoplastic Process ◽  
Traumatic Origin ◽  
Von Willebrand

A nine-year-old warmblood mare was presented with clinical signs of mild colic and fever. On percutaneous ultrasound of the abdomen, a mass was identified on the left side of the abdomen between the spleen and the stomach. During examination the following day, intra-abdominal blood was observed. On rectal examination, a mass was palpated in the pelvis. The presumptive diagnosis of hematoma with intra-abdominal bleeding was made. On consecutive ultrasounds and radiographs, the mass evolved in shape and other masses were identified in the liver and the lungs. No change was noticed in the pelvic mass. Cytology and histology of a tru-cut liver biopsy revealed abnormal, most likely neoplastic cells, whereas cytology of the abdominal and thoracic fluid did not reveal any neoplastic cells. Due to the presence of several rapidly growing masses, a neoplastic process was most likely. Because of the malignant character of the disease and the persistence of the clinical signs, euthanasia was suggested but refused by the owner. Supportive treatment was instituted. Initially, the general condition remained stable, after which the horse suddenly collapsed and died. Post-mortem examination revealed a primary neoplasm located in the pelvic cavity, as well as multiple disseminated masses within several tissues. The mass found in the liver had ruptured with loss of probably 50 liters hemorrhagic fluid within the abdominal cavity. Based on gross pathology, cytological and histological findings, a hemangiosarcoma was suspected. This diagnosis was confirmed using immunohistochemistry for von Willebrand factor. In this case report, the importance of differentiating hematoma from hemangiosarcoma in the horse is highlighted.

The correlation between lipid metabolism disorders and the prostate cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Dłubek ◽  
Jacek Rysz ◽  
Zbigniew Jabłonowski ◽  
Anna Gluba-Brzózka ◽  
Beata Franczyk
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Atp Citrate Lyase ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Disorders

: Prostate cancer is second most common cancer affecting male population all over the world. The existence of a correlation between lipid metabolism disorders and cancer of the prostate gland has been widely known for a long time. According to hypotheses, cholesterol may contribute to prostate cancer progression as a result of its participation as a signalling molecule in prostate growth and differentiation via numerous biologic mechanisms including Akt signalling and de novo steroidogenesis. The results of some studies suggest that increased cholesterol levels may be associated with higher risk of more aggressive course of disease. The aforementioned alterations in the synthesis of fatty acids are a unique feature of cancer and, therefore, it constitutes an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of prostate cancer. Pharmacological or gene therapy aimed to reduce the activity of enzymes involved in de novo synthesis of fatty acids, FASN, ACLY (ATP citrate lyase) or SCD-1 (stearoyl-CoA desaturase) in particular, may result in cells growth arrest. Nevertheless, not all cancers are unequivocally associated with hypocholesterolaemia. It cannot be ruled out that the relationship between prostate cancer and lipid disorders is not a direct quantitative correlation between carcinogenesis and the amount of the circulating cholesterol. Perhaps the correspondence is more sophisticated and connected to the distribution of cholesterol fractions, or even sub-fractions of e.g. HDL cholesterol.

scholarly journals Prostate Cancer Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers’ Clinical Utility in Diagnosis and Prognosis

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3373
Author(s):  
Milena Matuszczak ◽  
Jack A. Schalken ◽  
Maciej Salagierski
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men worldwide. The current gold standard for diagnosing PCa relies on a transrectal ultrasound-guided systematic core needle biopsy indicated after detection changes in a digital rectal examination (DRE) and elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in the blood serum. PSA is a marker produced by prostate cells, not just cancer cells. Therefore, an elevated PSA level may be associated with other symptoms such as benign prostatic hyperplasia or inflammation of the prostate gland. Due to this marker’s low specificity, a common problem is overdiagnosis, which leads to unnecessary biopsies and overtreatment. This is associated with various treatment complications (such as bleeding or infection) and generates unnecessary costs. Therefore, there is no doubt that the improvement of the current procedure by applying effective, sensitive and specific markers is an urgent need. Several non-invasive, cost-effective, high-accuracy liquid biopsy diagnostic biomarkers such as Progensa PCA3, MyProstateScore ExoDx, SelectMDx, PHI, 4K, Stockholm3 and ConfirmMDx have been developed in recent years. This article compares current knowledge about them and their potential application in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Molecular imaging of orthotopic prostate cancer with nanobubble ultrasound contrast agents targeted to PSMA

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Al Christopher De Leon ◽  
Reshani Perera ◽  
Eric Abenojar ◽  
Ramamurthy Gopalakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Ultrasound Contrast Agent ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Focal Therapy ◽  
Ultrasound Contrast Agents ◽  
Time Intensity Curve ◽  
Ultrasound Contrast

AbstractUltrasound imaging is routinely used to guide prostate biopsies, yet delineation of tumors within the prostate gland is extremely challenging, even with microbubble (MB) contrast. A more effective ultrasound protocol is needed that can effectively localize malignancies for targeted biopsy or aid in patient selection and treatment planning for organ-sparing focal therapy. This study focused on evaluating the application of a novel nanobubble ultrasound contrast agent targeted to the prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA-targeted NBs) in ultrasound imaging of prostate cancer (PCa) in vivo using a clinically relevant orthotopic tumor model in nude mice. Our results demonstrated that PSMA-targeted NBs had increased extravasation and retention in PSMA-expressing orthotopic mouse tumors. These processes are reflected in significantly different time intensity curve (TIC) and several kinetic parameters for targeted versus non-targeted NBs or LUMASON MBs. These, may in turn, lead to improved image-based detection and diagnosis of PCa in the future.

The Relationship of Prostate Gland Volume to Extended Needle Biopsy on Prostate Cancer Detection

2003 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEAN O. UNG ◽  
IGNACIO F. SAN FRANCISCO ◽  
MEREDITH M. REGAN ◽  
WILLIAM C. DeWOLF ◽  
ARIA F. OLUMI
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Needle Biopsy ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Prostate Cancer Detection ◽  
Gland Volume ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Small Cell-like Change in Central Zone Histology—A New Observation Mimicking Cribriform Intraductal Prostatic Adenocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692110039
Author(s):  
Oleksandr N. Kryvenko
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Prostatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Grade Group ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Neoplastic Process ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Group 3

A small cell-like change in prostate has been described in high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), intraductal prostatic adenocarcinoma, and invasive prostate cancer. It occurs when these processes have a cribriform architecture. To date, small cell-like change has not been described in benign glands. Herein, I describe such a change in cribriform central zone histology from a radical prostatectomy with a spatially remote treatment naïve Grade Group 3 prostate cancer. The cancer did not have cribriform morphology or intraductal prostatic adenocarcinoma. The small cell-like change was positive for racemase in PIN-4 cocktail and no nuclei were highlighted by Ki-67. This is the first report of a small cell-like change in benign prostate tissue. Although rare, such finding in cribriform architecture of central zone histology can potentially be misinterpreted as a neoplastic process.

Advantages and disadvantages of main surgical approaches for robot-assisted radical prostatectomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-354
Author(s):  
Dmitriy M. Il’in ◽  
Vladimir A. Makeev
Keyword(s):  
Radical Prostatectomy ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Robotic Assisted Surgery ◽  
History Of

The introduction of robotic-assisted surgery into clinical practice has opened up new possibilities for the surgical treatment of urological patients. Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is one of the most commonly performed robot-assisted surgery. The review is devoted to the main surgical approaches for RARP. An analysis of publications on this topic was carried out using the search engines of the scientific databases PubMed, Medscape, Google Scholar, eLibrary when writing the article The article presents an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of the existing four access options for RARP: anterior, perineal, lateral and posterior, as well as oncological and functional outcomes of operations. It has been shown that a surgeon with different approaches can choose the most suitable one for a given clinical situation, focusing on the stage of the disease, the patients age, anatomical features of the prostate gland, the state of the patients erectile function, and the history of operations on the abdominal cavity and pelvic organs.

scholarly journals Comparing 99mTc-PSMA to 99mTc-MDP in Prostate Cancer Staging of the Skeletal System

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Kabunda ◽  
Lerato Gabela ◽  
Chester Kalinda ◽  
Colleen Aldous ◽  
Venesen Pillay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Staging ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
Prostate Cancer Staging

scholarly journals A Unique Urinary Metabolic Feature for the Determination of Bladder Cancer, Prostate Cancer, and Renal Cell Carcinoma

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 591
Author(s):  
Sujin Lee ◽  
Ja Yoon Ku ◽  
Byeong Jin Kang ◽  
Kyung Hwan Kim ◽  
Hong Koo Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Discriminatory Accuracy ◽  
Urological Cancers

Prostate cancer (PCa), bladder cancer (BCa), and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are the most prevalent cancer among urological cancers. However, there are no cancer-specific symptoms that can differentiate them as well as early clinical signs of urological malignancy. Furthermore, many metabolic studies have been conducted to discover their biomarkers, but the metabolic profiling study to discriminate between these cancers have not yet been described. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the urinary metabolic differences in male patients with PCa (n = 24), BCa (n = 29), and RCC (n = 12) to find the prominent combination of metabolites between cancers. Based on 1H NMR analysis, orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis was applied to find distinct metabolites among cancers. Moreover, the ranked analysis of covariance by adjusting a potential confounding as age revealed that 4-hydroxybenzoate, N-methylhydantoin, creatinine, glutamine, and acetate had significantly different metabolite levels among groups. The receiver operating characteristic analysis created by prominent five metabolites showed the great discriminatory accuracy with AUC > 0.7 for BCa vs. RCC, PCa vs. BCa, and RCC vs. PCa. This preliminary study compares the metabolic profiles of BCa, PCa, and RCC, and reinforces the exploratory role of metabolomics in the investigation of human urine.

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